(i.e., the center distance between adjacent dots of the same primary color). Under the premise of a certain display screen size, the smaller the dot distance, the closer the pixels on the screen are arranged. Figure The image becomes clearer and more delicate. Divide the width and height of the display area by the dot pitch respectively to get the maximum number of dots that the monitor can display in the vertical and horizontal directions. Taking a 14-inch, 0.28mm dot-pitch monitor as an example, it can display up to 1024 dots in the horizontal direction and 768 dots in the vertical direction, so the ultimate resolution is 1024*768. Beyond this mode, adjacent pixels on the screen will interfere with each other, causing the image to change and become blurry. At present, the dot pitch mainly has several specifications such as 0.39, 0.31, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22mm, etc., and the smallest one can reach 0.20mm. Generally speaking, a combination of small dot pitch and good convergence performance can achieve better display effects. (Unit: mm) - The dot pitch of old dots can reach the nanometer level

Dot dot pitch, stripe dot pitch, columnar dot pitch: The dot pitch of a monitor is a .25 Trinitron picture tube, and The other is a .28 flat right-angle picture tube, so many people may think that the image must be Sony's .25 Trinitron picture tube, and the image will be clearer. Of course, the smaller the dot pitch, the clearer it will be, isn't it? Then you are wrong. The dot pitch refers to the straight-line distance between the center points of two "same-color luminescent phosphors", and the smaller it is, the more detailed the picture can be obtained. However, due to the different technologies used, it is impossible to accurately compare dot-like point distance, strip-like point distance, and column-shaped point distance. If roughly calculated, the cylindrical point pitch of 0.25mm is only approximately equal to the point pitch of 0.27mm. In other words, a picture tube with a dot pitch of 0.26 will have stronger resolving power than a Trinitron/DiamondTron picture tube of 0.25mm. So why should we use 0.25mmTrinitron/DiamondTron picture tube? This is because their contrast is very strong, and the displayed images are more vivid and eye-catching, making them very suitable for high-end applications.

Grating pitch: Since the Trinitron picture tube launched by SONY uses a grid-shaped shadow mask, the concept of grid pitch is introduced. It refers to the distance between adjacent lines of the picture tube. At this time, the scanning of the picture tube screen by the electron gun takes the line as the pixel unit. (Unit: mm)

Resolution: (Resalution) The total number of pixels that constitute an image, generally expressed by the number of horizontal pixels x the number of vertical pixels. The higher the resolution, the clearer the image, but the smaller the resulting image or text. It is closely related to the refresh frequency. When the refresh frequency is 85Hz, the higher the resolution, the better the performance of the display. The resolution can be divided into CGA, EGA, VGA, SVGA, etc.; according to the number of horizontal and vertical pixels, it can be divided into: 320x200, 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1280x1024, 1600x1280, etc.

Refresh frequency: Refresh frequency is divided into vertical refresh rate and horizontal refresh rate. The vertical refresh rate indicates how many times the screen image is redrawn per second. That is, the number of screen refreshes per second, measured in Hz (hertz). The VESA organization stipulated in 1997 that 85Hz progressive scan is the standard field frequency horizontal refresh rate without flicker. The horizontal refresh rate is also called the horizontal refresh rate. It represents the time it takes for the display to draw a horizontal line from left to right, in kHz. The horizontal and vertical refresh rates and resolutions are related, so as long as you know the highest vertical refresh rate that the monitor and graphics card can provide, you can calculate the value of the horizontal refresh rate. So the generally mentioned refresh rate usually refers to the vertical refresh rate. The refresh rate is very important to protect your eyes. When the refresh rate is lower than 60Hz, the screen will have obvious jitter. Generally, it needs to be above 72Hz to better protect your eyes. It is worth mentioning that the highest refresh rate generally claimed by manufacturers in advertisements actually refers to the lowest resolution.

Vertical frequency: Frequency refers to the vertical scanning speed (Vertical Scan Rate), that is, the refresh frequency, which is generally around 60-100Hz. The field frequency is also called the screen refresh frequency, which refers to the number of times the screen is updated per second. The persistence of vision of the human eye is about 16-24 times per second, so as long as the screen image is updated 30 times per second or less, the human eye can be fooled into thinking that the image has not changed. Even so, our eyes can still detect the flickering phenomenon caused by the screen refresh rate of 30 times per second, causing a feeling of fatigue. Therefore, the higher the field frequency of the screen, the more stable the picture will be and the more comfortable the user will feel. Generally, a screen refresh rate with a field frequency of more than 75 times per second is completely imperceptible to the human eye, so it is recommended that the field frequency be set between 75Hz and 85Hz, which is sufficient to meet the needs of ordinary users.

Horizontal frequency: horizontal scanning frequency, which refers to the number of times the display can refresh the horizontal deflection signal per second, which means that the picture tube electron gun scans the display screen according to the horizontal signal every second. number of times. For example, 50KHz means that the picture tube electron gun writes 50 thousand lines of dots on the screen per second.

The horizontal scanning frequency of ordinary 14-inch color monitors usually ranges from 35.5KHz to 66KHz, while better large-screen color monitors can reach the level of 120KHz (unit: KHz)

Scanning frequency: refers to the monitor's horizontal scanning frequency How many full-frame scans the screen can make in one second. The higher the value, the more stable the picture.

Interlaced Scanning: (Interlaced) This technology was first introduced by IBM on its 8514A monitor. Its principle is to scan the odd-numbered lines first, then scan the even-numbered lines, and scan twice The results form a complete picture. This scanning method is easy to implement and has low cost. However, when the resolution reaches 800×600 or higher, the image under this scanning method will have a great flicker, which can easily cause eye fatigue to the operator. Generally, large-screen color monitors do not use this scanning method.

Progressive/interlaced display: The electron gun scanning of the display tube can be divided into two types: interlace and non-interlace. Line-by-line display displays each line sequentially. Interlacing means displaying every other line to the end and then returning to interlaced display to display the lines that were not displayed just now. The monitor actually displays line by line at low resolution. It only changes to interlaced display when the resolution is increased to a certain extent. At the same refresh rate, interlaced images will flicker and jitter more than progressive images. However, almost no monitors produced today are interlaced.

Progressive scan: (Non-Interlaced) Progressive scan aims at the shortcomings of interlaced scanning. Later, progressive scan was introduced. This method scans and outputs in sequence (without skipping lines). An image is formed after one scan. The display screen does not flicker, so it is more suitable for use at high resolutions, but it also places higher requirements on the display's scanning frequency and video rate bandwidth. Obviously, the higher the scan rate, the faster the refresh rate, and the more stable the display. All large-screen color displays now use progressive scanning.

Overscan: It is a novel display control function. Video scanning signals are also loaded in areas other than the actual display screen. Just press a button to easily increase the screen display area. to full screen to expand the user's field of view. This feature requires the display to have higher bandwidth and scan frequency.

Monitor adjustment functions: General screen adjustment functions should include brightness, contrast, vertical position, vertical display size, horizontal position, horizontal display size, etc. Another high-end product like the 5GT has degaussing, pincushion distortion correction, parallelogram distortion correction, magic pattern distortion correction and color temperature adjustment functions. For high-end graphics applications, these features are extremely needed. In order to reduce buttons and increase user convenience, many manufacturers have developed exclusive screen control functions, which are commonly known as OSD (On-screen Display) visual control functions. It integrates all or part of the adjustment functions of individual buttons into a menu on one screen, using icons to make it easier for users to understand the operation methods. 5GT also has a language selection function, but unfortunately it is only available in English, French, etc. , but there is no Chinese.

Adjustment method: The adjustment method from the early analog type to the current digital adjustment can be said to be more and more convenient, and the functions are becoming more and more powerful. Compared with analog adjustment, digital adjustment has more precise image control, easier operation, and much more friendly interface. In addition, it allows you to store the screen parameters of multiple applications, which is also a very user-friendly design. Therefore, it has replaced analog regulation and become the mainstream of regulation methods. There are three main types of digital adjustment according to the adjustment interface: ordinary digital type, screen menu type and shuttle single button type. Each has its own characteristics, and users can choose according to their own preferences. After understanding the above basic indicators, I think you have a rough idea of ??how to choose a monitor. Then look at the manufacturer's product manual to make a simple comparison. But it’s definitely not enough to rely on boring data comparisons when buying a monitor. Subjective feelings are more important.

Pixel: The display generally uses a raster scanning method, that is, the electron beam scans horizontally and vertically from left to right and top to bottom. The electron beam hits numerous phosphor dots on the display screen to cause Luminous, each luminous point is a pixel. Resolution refers to the number of pixels on the screen. The higher the resolution, the more pixels on the screen and the clearer the image. At the highest resolution, one luminous point corresponds to one pixel. If set lower than the maximum resolution one pixel may cover multiple emitting points. Electron gun: Located inside the picture tube, it continuously emits electron beams when in working condition to stimulate the phosphorescent dots on the screen to emit light.

The bandwidth of the display: The so-called bandwidth is the abbreviation of the passband width of the display video amplifier. The bandwidth of a circuit actually reflects the response speed of the circuit to the input signal. The wider the bandwidth, the smaller the inertia, the faster the response speed, the higher the signal frequency allowed to pass, and the smaller the signal distortion, which reflects the resolution capability of the display. Measured in MHz (megahertz), it is more comprehensive than line frequency. On the face of it, just multiply the horizontal resolution by the line frequency to get the bandwidth.

But in fact, when the electron gun scans, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction and the number of pixels in the vertical direction are higher than the theoretical value. This can avoid signal attenuation at the scanning edge and make the surrounding image equally clear. The horizontal resolution is about 80% of the actual scan value, and the vertical resolution is about 93% of the actual scan value, so the bandwidth calculation formula is: bandwidth = horizontal resolution/0.8×vertical resolution/0.93×field frequency. Or bandwidth = horizontal resolution × vertical resolution × field frequency × 1.344. For example: in 1024×768@85Hz mode, the bandwidth is 1024×768×85×1.344=89.84199868MHz. The larger the value of bandwidth, the better the display performance.

Screen viewable area: refers to the screen we can see. The 17-inch and 15-inch commonly mentioned actually refer to the size of the picture tube. Generally, the distance from the lower left corner to the upper right corner of the screen can be measured. get. Because the picture tubes are installed in plastic casings, and because there are black frames on the four sides of the screen, it cannot be displayed. Therefore, when many people measure the diagonal of the monitor screen, it does not have the size that the manufacturer said, so even the smallest A good monitor cannot make the viewing area equal to the area of ??the picture tube. It can only try to be as close as possible to the area of ??the picture tube. This is one of the criteria for evaluating the quality of a display. For the same picture tube, products from different companies will have different visual effects. The area is not necessarily the same, so when buying a monitor, we should pay attention to buying a monitor with a viewing area that is closest to the area of ??the picture tube. Generally, the viewing area of ??a 14-inch monitor is often only 12 inches; the viewing area of ??a 15-inch monitor is between 13.6 inches and 14.2 inches, and the viewing area of ??a 17-inch monitor is between 15.6 inches and 16.2 inches.

Trinitron: (trinitron) It is a unique picture tube technology of SONY. It uses a grid mask and a single-gun three-beam patented technology, which can produce brighter and brighter pictures. quality.

Diamondtron: (Diamondtron) The picture tube technology developed by Mitsubishi Company inherits the advantages of Trinitron, using ultra-pure black screen and four times dynamic focus electron gun, with outstanding picture quality.

DYNAFLAT: There are two forms of flat panel displays, namely physical flat and optical flat. DYNAFLAT (dynamic flat surface) technology developed by Samsung. The outer surface of the display's thick glass is flat, but instead of a flat inner surface, it uses a spherical surface (slightly protruding toward the user), and its curvature is calculated according to the SNELL formula. The reason is that after such processing, the light emitted from the luminous point on the inner surface is refracted by the thick glass and enters the human eye for imaging. The image composed of virtual light points formed along the long line in the opposite direction of the optical path is a true plane. Simply put, DYNAFLAT technology uses the inner surface of thick glass (slightly protruding) that is not a physical plane to create an optically flat image.

Physically flat: It means that all surfaces are physically pure planes, especially the inner and outer surfaces of the outermost layer of thick glass of the display are physically absolutely flat, but this absolute plane On the contrary, what the user sees when facing the monitor is not a flat image, but a slightly concave image. The reason is that if the human eye is regarded as two points in front of the screen, the light emitted from the edge of the display with a larger screen will be refracted by the thick glass and then enter the human eye for imaging. Due to the insensitivity of the human eye to refraction, After the light path returns, a virtual light-emitting point is formed in front of the actual light-emitting point, that is, the human eye mistakenly thinks that the virtual light-emitting point is the real light-emitting point. This situation is not too serious in the center of the display, but as you get to the edge of the screen, the difference between the virtual point and the actual light-emitting point becomes larger. Specifically, the virtual point is closer to the front, just like the human eye sees chopsticks inserted in a glass. Same as broken. Connecting these dots will reveal that the entire image is concave inward (away from the user). Therefore, physical flatness does not necessarily produce a flat image.

CRT picture tube (Cathode Tube cathode ray tube): It is mainly composed of five parts: electron gun, deflection coil, shadow mask, phosphor layer (Phosphor) and glass shell. The principle is to use the electron gun in the picture tube to direct the beam It is ejected, passes through the small holes in the shadow mask, and hits an inner glass layer covered with countless phosphors of the three primary colors. The electron beam will make these phosphors emit light, eventually forming the picture you see. The CRT size is the actual size of the picture tube, which is also commonly referred to as the monitor size. Its unit is inches (1 inch = 25.4mm)

Spherical picture tube: The picture tube is curved in the horizontal and vertical directions . Its manufacturing process is relatively mature and its price is low, but the image display is distorted, the actual display area is small, and the reflection phenomenon is serious. Cylindrical picture tube: Adopting a vertical grid design, the picture tube is completely straight in the vertical direction and slightly curved in the horizontal direction. Good light transmittance, clearer images. Flat right-angle picture tube: the screen is less curved and closer to a "flat surface", which enhances the realism of the picture. The screen of this picture tube reflects less light. Color temperature: a parameter that describes the color of the light source. . A light source produces a set of spectra when it emits light. The temperature required to produce the same spectrum with pure black is the color temperature of the light source.

Cylindrical picture tube: mainly based on SONY's Trinitron and Mitsubishi's DiamondTron. Its surface is like the side of a can, with curvature on the left and right but not on the top and bottom. It has the ability to prevent The effect of distortion and reflection of the upper and lower images.

Dampening line (some call it anti-counterfeiting line): One of the biggest features of the Trinitron picture tube is that there are two inconspicuous black lines on the display screen, one for 15 inches and two for 17 inches. Its name It's called a damping wire, which is used to hang the shadow mask in place, which may have some impact on the application.

Flat right-angle picture tube: A flat right-angle picture tube refers to a display screen with an entire right angle and an "approximate" plane. It has the highest immunity to reflections and image distortion.

Focusing performance: refers to the ability of the electron gun in the picture tube to display a clear image through its adjustment function after emitting the electron beam, reflecting the ability to correct the electron beam scanning deviation. Convergence performance: The correct focusing ability of the three primary color electron beams of red, green and blue (R.G.B) on the screen reflects the ability of the electromagnetic field generated by the deflection coil of the picture tube to control the trajectory of the electron beam.

Internal coating: When manufacturers produce picture tubes, they apply a reflective layer on the back of the phosphor to increase luminous efficiency and reduce cross-color between pixels. This is one of the major technical differences of picture tubes. External coating: The external coating of the picture tube can block harmful rays, eliminate static electricity, and reduce screen reflection. Coating materials and technologies vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.

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