1 site selection and shed construction
Nectarine greenhouse should be built in the leeward and sunny place with high and dry terrain, good drainage and irrigation, fertile soil and sandy loam. You can choose to build it in a 3-year-old peach forest, or you can choose to build a shed at a site and transplant it again, depending on the actual situation. When the shed is built, the bamboo structure is adopted, and the single-sided inclined shed is built in the east-west direction. The back wall of the shed is made of hollow cement bricks. The back of the shed is about 3m high, 50-100m long and 8.5m wide. The columns are 4-5 rows, and the column spacing is about 3 meters. Thick bamboo poles are used as beams, and polyethylene film is used as shed film. Leave a back wall every 10 meter.
2 variety selection
Nectarines planted in greenhouses should be precocious, such as Zaohongzhu and Mayfire.
3 seedling transplantation
Peach trees don't need to be transplanted in the peach forest, just strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Before transplanting seedlings in new greenhouses, the soil should be deeply cultivated, and high-quality organic fertilizer of 4000-5000 kg, NPK compound fertilizer of 20 kg and potassium sulfate 10 kg should be applied to each greenhouse. Dig a strip planting ditch with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 80 cm. Seedlings with developed roots, Miao Zhuang, full buds and about 3 years old should be selected for planting. Planting should be in the north-south direction, with the plant spacing 1.5m× 4m, and the ratio of main cultivated varieties to pollinated varieties is about 10: 1. Keep the root system stretched when planting, water it after planting and cover it with plastic film.
4 plastic decoration
The plastic structure of nectarine in greenhouse generally adopts the diagonal group structure with the northernmost plant height of 45-50 cm, and the spindle-shaped tree height is 1.5m? 0 cm, the tree shape is gratifying, and the tree height is1m; The middle part gradually increases from south to north, and the two main branches of the tree are "Y"-shaped.
Pruning in front of the shed is mainly based on thinning branches, which are placed for a long time to remove pests and diseases, drooping branches, overgrown branches and strong vegetative branches that do not bloom, and maintain good light transmission conditions.
5 Fertilizer and water management
One month before the shed was closed, 3000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate compound fertilizer and 0/0 kg of urea were applied to each shed, and water was poured once, then the ground was hoed and covered with plastic film. Spraying 0.3% urea solution 65438 0 times in young fruit stage; In the hard core stage, besides spraying 0.3% urea solution, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is also sprayed. It is not suitable to water from the shed to the flower drop. The humidity in the shed should be below 60%, and the water should be poured 1 time in the hard core stage and fruit expansion stage respectively, but the water amount should be appropriate and not too large, so as to avoid the vigorous growth of new shoots and cause physiological fruit drop.
6 Temperature and humidity control
After the shed was closed in mid-February, the temperature gradually increased. In the first stage, the grass was raised to L, so that only a small amount of light penetrated into the shed, and the temperature was maintained at 8℃- 13℃ during the day for 7 days; In the second stage, the grass was pulled up to 1/3- 1/2, and the daytime temperature was kept at 10℃- 16℃ for 7 days. In the third stage, most of the straw mats are pulled up, and the daytime temperature is kept at 10℃-20℃ for 7 days; After flowering, all the straw mats are pulled up and the temperature is kept at 10℃-25%. Pay attention to the change of ground temperature here. The daytime temperature of flowering period is 18℃-24℃, and it is about 10℃ at night. From flowering to fruit ripening, the daytime temperature is 22℃-28℃, with the highest temperature not exceeding 30℃, about 15℃ at night and the lowest temperature not lower than 10℃. The humidity is maintained at 70%-80% before flowering, around 60% during flowering and 50%-60% after flowering. In case of rainy and foggy weather, we should pay attention to the implementation of warm-keeping measures.
7 pest control
The pest control of nectarine in greenhouse is mainly based on prevention and comprehensive control, focusing on peach perforation, peach aphid and mites. The disease can be prevented and treated by chemical agents such as sulfur mixture, mancozeb and zineb. Aphids and mites are controlled by insecticides such as imidacloprid and aphid mites.
8 management of flowering and fruiting periods
The flowering period management of nectarine fruit in greenhouse is a key period, which is directly related to economic benefits. Therefore, only by strengthening the management of this period can there be a bumper harvest. Artificial pollination should be carried out at the flowering stage, too dense buds should be thinned out at the bud stage, one flower and two flowers, abnormal flowers, too late flowers and insect flowers should be thinned out. Fruit thinning began 20 days after flowering, so that the fruit was evenly distributed. It is necessary to leave 1 fruit in the short branch, 2 fruits in the middle branch and 3-4 fruits in the long branch. During the fruit coloring period, drooping branches should be hung or supported to keep the tree ventilated and transparent, improve the lighting conditions of the tree and increase the fruit chromaticity. At the same time, the humidity in the shed should be strictly controlled to prevent the fruit from falling and cracking due to excessive humidity.