Because of the vigorous growth and huge root system of grapes cultivated in substrate, the ability to resist pests and diseases is greatly improved. The drug was used 3~4 times in the first year of planting, and as a result, it was used less than 5 times in the growing season that year.
The trellis for soilless cultivation of grapes is better than the hedge trellis. Because the hedge frame is short and the grapes grow vigorously, the fruit is not as good as the trellis. From the test results, it is easy to produce high yield and improve quality in the early stage by using flat shed small X plastic surgery.
Grapes need a lot of nutrients, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increase accordingly after entering the fruiting stage. Except organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium need 80- 150kg per hectare, which should be adjusted according to varieties, yield, tree potential and soil fertility. Apply base fertilizer after winter, and apply 30,000 kg of chicken and duck manure, 3,750 kg of cake fertilizer and 3,750 kg of calcium superphosphate per hectare.
Topdressing before shading buds and flowering expansion, and spraying Zhuangguodiling in time. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the early stage to promote the growth of branches and flowers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied in the fruit expansion stage to improve the quality. Topdressing outside the roots, spraying 0. 3% urinary tract and 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote fruit expansion and ripening.
In order to produce high-quality grapes, irrigation facilities are needed in the garden to avoid drastic changes in soil dryness and wetness. Generally, there is a lot of water demand in germination stage and young fruit growth stage, so irrigation should be done in time in case of drought.
Extended data:
1 fertilizer management
After the fruits are picked in autumn, base fertilizer is applied, a pit with a depth of 40×40cm is dug outward along the edge of the original planting hole, and organic fertilizer is applied in layers, mainly human and animal manure, manure and compost. At full fruit stage, more than 2kg organic fertilizer should be applied per 1kg fruit. Topdressing is mainly applied in two periods, and 1 quick-acting fertilizer, such as decomposed human excrement and urine, is applied more than ten days before flowering. Fertilizers such as plant ash or decomposed chicken manure were applied 1 time during fruit expansion.
2 Water management
Grape growth needs a lot of water, such as several key periods from germination to flowering; After the fruit coloring period is set, water it in time when it is dry. Clear the ditch in time in rainy days to eliminate accumulated water.
3 flower and fruit management
In order to improve the fruit setting rate, increase the fruit size, and improve the yield and quality, artificial pollination can be used. Nail the furry rabbit skin on the board to make a pollination brush, and pull it on the grape inflorescence to help pollinate in the morning when there is no dew.
4 thinning flowers and fruits
For varieties such as Kyoho, thinning inflorescences, pinching accessory inflorescences, thinning flower buds and thinning young fruits can improve fruit quality. Flower thinning is completed about half a month before flowering.
Pinch off one-fifth to one-third of the inflorescence end, and sparsely differentiate the inflorescence. Sparse buds 5 ~ 10 days before flowering, and gently roll the inflorescence by hand to make some buds fall off. The thinning of young fruits should be carried out after physiological fruit drop, and varieties with large fruit grains such as Kyoho can only keep about 50 grains per ear.
5 fruit bagging
Generally, about 40 days after flowering, when soybeans are big, bagging is carried out to control fruit diseases and insect pests. Seven days before bagging, use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times, or 80% Sheng Da M-45 wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times to spray insecticides and fungicides at one time.
Choose bagging every morning before 10 and after 4: 00 pm to prevent high temperature from burning fruit at noon.
6 shaping and pruning
The horizontal scaffolding of plastic courtyard can be fan-shaped with many main vines, and the trunk height is above1m. On the surface of the trellis, a plurality of main vines are planted on the main extension vines.
7 Summer pruning
Wipe the bud, tie the bud and remove the tendrils. Erase too many useless buds at the early stage of growth. When the new bud grows to about 30 cm, tie it with iron wire to avoid being blown off by the wind, and remove the tendrils at the same time. In order to improve the fruit setting rate, the core of the fruit should be picked about 5 days before flowering, and the attached shoots should be removed. Generally, leave more than 5 leaves on the ear and pick the tender tips at the top.
After coring, the secondary branches began to germinate, all the secondary branches of the ear were removed, and two leaves were left in the secondary branches of the ear before coring. After re-coring, a second sub-tip appears, and then the second sub-tip or the third sub-tip is continuously cored by the same method. The auxiliary tip at the top of the main tip can leave a few more leaves.
8 winter pruning
Winter pruning should be carried out after defoliation and before February of the following year. It often bleeds after February and is not suitable for pruning. When pruning, we should choose the branches on the main vine that are full of growth, mature and free from pests and diseases as the fruiting mother branches. Results Cutting 2 ~ 4 buds from the mother branch is short branch pruning, cutting 5 ~ 7 buds is middle branch pruning, and cutting more than 8 buds is long branch pruning.
The vigorous varieties such as Kyoho are often dominated by medium and long branches, and the combination of long, medium and short branches is used for pruning. Short and thick branches can be long, and slender branches can be short. Leave some short branches at the lower part of the main vine and the side vine as reserve branches to update the branches.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Grape Cultivation Techniques