2? cultivation techniques

2. 1? Seedling breeding

2. 1. 1? Seed propagation

(1) Seed harvesting. Generally, the seeds are harvested in late September when they are all mature. After the fruit is harvested, soak it in clear water for 24 hours, rub off the peel, wash the seeds repeatedly with clear water, and take it out to dry for later use.

(2) seed treatment. ① Indoor burial: Acanthopanax senticosus seeds can germinate after 200d embryo physiological maturity before sowing. Soak the sun-dried seeds in water at 40℃ for 2 days, take out the seeds, soak them in 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution for disinfection 12h, take them out, wash them, mix the seeds with 2 times of wet sand (the water content of the sand is 40%, that is, they can be caked by hands without water), put them in wooden cases, and store them at an indoor temperature of about 20℃ every other week/kloc. Then it was stored in a cellar at about 2℃, and the seeds were taken out at the beginning of April of the following year and germinated at room temperature of 65438 05℃ for 20 days. It was found that 60% of the seeds were white and could be planted. (2) Open-air burial: in the leeward of the sun, choose a well-drained place, dig a ditch with a depth of 40cm, a width of 40cm and a length depending on the amount of seed sand, and lay wet sand with a thickness of 5cm on the bottom of the ditch, and cover it with soil for 30cm to make it look like a mound. A straw is erected at the bottom of the ditch to facilitate the breathing and development of seeds. The seeds buried in the open air are taken out after thawing in the second year, spread in the sun, turned over several times a day, and can be planted when the seeds have 30% cracks.

(3) sowing. Before sowing, the land should be cultivated well, and ridge farming or ridge farming can be used. Because the seed treatment method is complex, time-consuming and difficult to master, it can also be sown directly in spring. In this way, the seeds need to undergo a physiological post-ripening process in summer. When they emerge in the next spring, the amount of seeds used for ridge sowing is 22.5 kg per hectare and that for hole sowing is 60 kg.

The best sowing method is double row drilling on the ridge. The base of spine is 40cm, and the shoulder is 30cm. According to the row spacing of 10cm, a small ditch with a depth of 2cm was made on the ridge. Scatter the seeds mixed with wet sand evenly into the ditch, then cover and fill the ditch with screened fine soil, and roll it with a stone mill to make the seeds closely combine with the soil.

(4) Seedling management. The seedlings are tender and weak after being unearthed, with poor stress resistance and slow growth in the early stage. In order to make the seedlings get enough water, fertilizer and light, and promote their robust growth, artificial weeding should be carried out in time before and after the seedlings to avoid the root system of weeds hardening out of the seedlings when pulling weeds. At the early stage of seedling growth, the small root system of seedling is short, which extends into the soil layer shallowly and requires little water. However, in order to keep the upper layer of the seedbed moist, it is recommended to water it in small quantities several times. When the seedlings are basically in full bloom and some seedlings grow the first real leaves, put curtains for shading before 9: 00 am to 4: 00 pm every day, and roll up the curtains in the morning and evening in weak light and rainy days to let the seedlings receive weak light irradiation, which can enhance photosynthesis, exercise the seedlings, enhance their adaptability to the external environment and promote their robust growth. After most seedlings grow the first true leaf, all the grass curtains can be removed on cloudy days.

2. 1.2? Supplementary seedling

The purpose of thinning seedlings is to adjust the density between seedlings, so that each seedling can keep a certain distance, thus occupying a certain nutritional space and light range, making the roots develop in a balanced way and the seedlings grow neatly and healthily. When the seedling height is 3 ~ 5 cm, it can be thinned. The principle is to remove the seedlings from dense areas and transplant them to sparse areas, or choose another transplant site, and it is appropriate to keep about 150 plants per square meter. Acanthopanax senticosus is a broad-leaved plant. If there are too many plants, the light and ventilation are not good, and it is easy to get sick. The intermittent seedlings should be replanted with soil to the nearest place where the seedlings are missing and the ridges are broken. It is best to choose rainy days or evening when replanting the seedlings, and shade them for 2 ~ 3 days after replanting the seedlings to improve the survival rate of replanted seedlings.

2. 1.3? fissiparity

Acanthopanax senticosus can tiller L ~ 3 seedlings around the mother plant every year, and these seedlings gradually form independent roots after one year's growth. In spring, the seedlings can be separated from the mother roots and planted. The suitable row spacing of fixed plants is 50cm× 100cm, and that of flat plants is 50cm× 120cm.

2. 1.4? cutting

When cutting seedlings, you should choose plots with loose and fertile soil, flat terrain and convenient water use. First, harrow the plot and make ridges with a ridge spacing of 60cm; Then dig a small ditch with a depth of 10 ~ 12 cm and a width of 10cm on the ridge and fill it with water. When the water seeps down, level the ridge and cover it with plastic film for use. Selecting 2-3-year-old branches with a stem diameter of 0.6-1.0 cm, cutting them into small segments of12-15 cm, cutting the upper end into a plane, cutting the lower end into an inclined plane, leaving lcm at the upper end of the neck bud, and tying them into a bundle every 50 segments; Then put one end of the inclined plane into 50mg/kg? Soak in ABTl rooting powder solution for 4-6 hours; The processed cuttings are obliquely inserted in the middle of the ridge covered with plastic film according to the plant spacing of 10 ~ 15 cm, and the neck buds are exposed from the plastic film by about 1cm, and the upper part is pressed with clods to prevent the plastic film from being blown away by ventilation. When cutting the bed, the seedbed should be covered with plastic shed to keep moisture and heat, promote early germination and high germination rate. Other technical measures are the same as ridge cutting. Cutting seedbed is best in the middle and late May.

2.2? plant

2.2. 1? Field planting

Acanthopanax senticosus has strong adaptability and can be planted on hillside, hilly platform, sparse forest land, forest edge, yin and yang slope, loam and sandy loam. Semi-shady slope is the best slope direction, and planting salted fish scales on the slope is beneficial to preservation and picking.

2.2.2? Protected cultivation

Before planting in protected areas, ridges and ditches should be set up in the east and west. Before the late frost comes, the greenhouse should be firmly tied, and the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept at 16℃ ~ 22℃.

2.3? Tiantuan management

2.3. 1? Intertillage weeding

After planting, weeding and loosening the soil should be done in time, and ridge planting garden should be combined with weeding and intertillage twice to keep the field free of weeds.

2.3.2? Dressing and shaping

Cut off dead branches, old branches, diseased branches and deformed branches at any time to ensure that trees are strong and lush.

2.3.3? Superficial application

With the growth of seedling age, the demand for nutrients of trees is also increasing. In order to ensure the commodity yield and quality of Acanthopanax senticosus, topdressing 1 times decomposed organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer every spring, radial furrow application in rhizosphere, and covering topsoil after fertilization.

2.4? disease control

The main underground pests of Acanthopanax senticosus at seedling stage are grubs, grubs and cutworms. They only eat the roots of seedlings or bite off the rhizomes, which directly affects the seedling raising effect when the harm is serious. If you find a disease, you should prevent it in time. The main methods are physical prevention, such as black light trapping and artificial capture. Acanthopanax senticosus is easy to collapse in seedling stage, and the onset period is cotyledon stage, which mostly occurs in low temperature, humid air and soil conditions. Prevention is mainly based on prevention. After the seedlings are unearthed, spray L: 1 equal amount of Bordeaux solution for prevention, three times in a row for seven days; When Rhizoctonia solani was found, the seedbed was sprayed with 70% Dixon 800 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 7 days at a time.

2.5? Harvesting and processing

2.5. 1? Picking buds

Acanthopanax senticosus generally begins to germinate from late April to early May, and can be picked when the bud length is 15 ~ 20 cm. Picking prematurely reduces the yield and the product is not standardized; If it is too late, the bud base will get old and the quality will drop. When picking, put it into plastic bags to prevent dehydration and aging. It is best to process it in time after picking, and it can be pickled, dried or canned in soft packaging.

2.5.2? Pick leaves

The leaf picking time starts from the middle and late April to the end of August, and the newly sprouted tender leaves are picked, and the tender leaves are 3-5 cm long. Picked tender leaves can be eaten fresh, pickled or made into side dishes. Wu Jia Tea Processing Factory can be set up in a large-scale planting area, and its tender leaves are excellent raw materials for making tea, with no bitterness and unique fragrance.