Grape is a perennial vine fruit tree, which needs to be shed to maintain a certain space and fruit shape and obtain a higher yield. Put it up in the first year, and you can't climb it smoothly. There are several common postures.
1. Hedge frame: The surface of the frame is vertical to the ground and looks like a fence wall. At present, the single-wall hedge frame is mostly used, and the frame height is more than 2 meters. Suitable for large-scale planting.
2. Inclined scaffolding: it is suitable for large-scale cultivation and can be divided into two types.
Large scaffolding: the row spacing is more than 6 meters, the horizontal column spacing is about 2 meters, and there are generally 4-5 rows of columns in the horizontal direction.
Small scaffolding: the row spacing is less than 6 meters, and the construction method is the same as that of large scaffolding.
3. Large horizontal scaffolding
Suitable for garden cultivation. Planting grapes in the garden can not only increase income, but also beautify the environment, killing two birds with one stone. Second, plastic surgery
The purpose of shaping is to make the branches and spikes distribute reasonably on the frame surface, make full use of space and improve the photosynthetic performance of leaves.
1. Multi-vine natural fan. Suitable for all kinds of scaffolding.
Many main vines are naturally fan-shaped A hole has 3-4 main vines (6-7 in the courtyard at most), and then the main vines are divided into lateral vines, and the distance between the same vines is about 2 meters. Each main vine is equipped with 14- 16 lateral vines, which are fan-shaped and distributed on the shelf. In the early stage (1-5 years), the pruning is mainly long, and after molding, it is mainly medium and short.
2. Natural fan shape. Suitable for hedgerow cultivation. Generally, there are 3-5 main vines, which are fan-shaped and distributed on the shelf surface. Evenly arrange side vines on the main vines, properly select the fruiting mother vines on the main vines and side vines, and carry out long, medium and short mixed pruning.
3. Dulong trunk and Shuanglong trunk are extremely short and slightly plastic.
3. Gan Long is simple in shaping, easy to master, stable in yield, neat in ear and grain, and suitable for various racks. It is characterized in that there are no lateral vines, and the fruit vines are directly planted on the main vines. The main vine spacing is 50 cm, resulting in vine spacing 15-20 cm.
4. Multi-main rattan fan. It is different from the natural fan with many main vines in that there is no auxiliary vine. The main vine spacing is 50 cm, resulting in the mother branch spacing 15-20 cm. The mother vine bears 7- 10 per meter, and grows 14-20 per meter. Use long, medium and short mixed pruning. Suitable for small scaffolding. Third, pruning
Grape pruning can be divided into winter pruning and summer pruning. Pruning in winter is completed from the first ten days of 165438+ 10 to the last ten days of 165438+ 10, and pruning in summer refers to pruning in the growing period.
1. Winter scissors. The purpose is to cut off pests and diseases, immature vines and renew weak vines, adjust plant load, improve fruit quality and prolong economic life. There are three methods of pruning in winter, namely thinning, short cutting and regeneration, which are generally carried out simultaneously on the same plant.
(1) refinement. Removing vines with different bases can inhibit the former, promote the latter, improve landscape conditions and improve fruit quality. Be careful not to remove the opposite tendrils at the same time, and don't make the wound too close, so as not to hinder the transport of nutrients and cause the decline of yield and quality.
(2) Take shortcuts. According to the pruning length, it is divided into long, medium and short (extremely short) pruning. Cut the long section into 8- 12, the middle section into 4-7, and the short section into 1-3. Because of the different fruiting habits of different varieties, the methods adopted are also different. Longan has good fruiting branches at nodes 5-9, and the new vines growing from the basal buds often have no panicles, so the pruning is mainly long (middle). Most of the new vines germinate from the bud eyes of different parts of Rose fragrance and Kyoho, and have fruit ears. They are often pruned with long, medium and short pruning, or short and extremely short pruning.
Longer pruning is easy to choose the best bud fruit; Cutting the length is beneficial to the expansion of the frame surface and the output can be obtained in advance; The main vine is slender, which is conducive to burying the soil to prevent cold. But if the management level is not improved, the load will be too heavy, which will affect the quality. Short pruning is beneficial to nutrient concentration, good fruit quality, easy to update and easy to master technology. But it is difficult to bury branches in thick soil to keep out the cold, and it is also difficult to update big branches.
Therefore, winter pruning should be based on variety characteristics, site conditions and management level to decide which method to adopt.
(3) Updating and pruning the mother vine. In order to prevent the load-bearing part from rising, resulting in baldness at the lower part, the mother vine should be constantly updated. The method is that after the fruiting mother vines germinate in spring, the new ones with good lower parts are selected as the fruiting mother vines for cultivation in the next year, and they are taken back during cutting in winter. However, due to the influence of the top advantage, the lower vines are weak and difficult to renew. The solutions are as follows: firstly, properly prune the newly updated vines in winter, and secondly, keep the newly updated vines and leave less fruits in summer that year.
(4) Residual amount of fruiting mother vines in winter. According to 1 fruiting vine, two fruiting vines were produced, with each fruiting vine bearing 1 ear, with an average of 0.7 kg per ear. If you produce 7 kilograms of fruit per square meter, there will be 5 fruiting vines per square meter.
Another method is to keep 7- 14-20 new vines per square meter.
In short, if the frame is high, the scenery is good, and the water and fertilizer are sufficient, you can leave more fruiting vines, and vice versa.
(5) Problems that should be paid attention to when shearing wool in winter. 1. The distance between the cutting mouth and the cutting mouth bud is not less than 2 cm; The second is to leave 1 cm pile when cutting vines from the base; The third is to update the big branches with a hand saw; The fourth is to try to make the big wound not on the same side.
2. Summer scissors. Pruning in summer is mainly to adjust the relationship between growth and fruiting, remove useless buds and new buds, sparse excessive inflorescences, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, make branches fully developed, and improve yield and quality.
(1) Smear buds and thin branches. When the new size is less than 10 cm, it is called budding, and when it is greater than 10 cm, it is called thinning. Principle: Wipe off all the buds below 40 cm from the ground, leaving no double vines, weak ones and strong ones, straight ones and flat ones, and long ones and fruiting ones.
(2) Sparse the spike, and pinch the secondary spike and spike tip. While wiping buds and thinning branches, thinning weak branches and multi-branch inflorescences, leaving two ears for strong branches and one ear for weak branches. For varieties with serious years and low fruit setting rate, such as Rose Fragrant and Kyoho, the spike tips of the secondary spike and the main spike 1/4- 1/5 can be pinched off.
(3) the new one is a little heart-warming. 3-5 days before flowering, new flowers can concentrate nutrients to improve fruit setting rate and improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. Leave 3-4 leaves on the top of the flower for coring (3 leaves in inflorescence 1 and 4 leaves in inflorescence 2). The more you stay in Harrison, the lower the fruit setting rate. Longan has a high fruit setting rate and can leave 5-7 leaves. Leave10-12 leaves without flowering.