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Qu Shizhen's Life Experience
Qu Shizhen, whose name is Congtian,No. Boluo andNo. Jiaxuan. I lived in Ouqu Township, Changshu (now merged into Yushan Town), and my grandfather Qu Jingchun moved to the city after Huiyuan. The street where I live is called Huiyuan Square (now the west section of Zhongxiang). Qu Shizhen was born in 1590 (18th year of Wanli). At the age of 27, he was a scholar. The following year, he became the magistrate of Yongfeng County in Ji 'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, which showed his political talent. During the apocalypse, eunuch Wei Zhongxian was overbearing and killed decent people. Qu Shizhen sympathizes with the victims and does not give in to evil forces.

1628 (the first year of Chongzhen), as the minister of the household department. The establishment of this official position was originally intended to play a certain supervisory role in government departments, and he felt that he could stretch his ambitions. In the past seven months, I have been fighting for more than 20 years, and I strongly advocate that "if you want to save the crisis, you must' trace back to the source', crack down on the remaining party in Wei Zhongxian, avenge the victims and help the righteous cause. For North Korea's political facilities, build more facilities. At that time, after the establishment of the post-Jin regime in Nuerhachi, Manchuria constantly invaded the south against the Ming Dynasty. Qu Shi was alert for a long time, and even several letters were sealed, asking to store more rations. He instructed the soldiers to repair the side wall, emphasized the armament, and recommended a number of competent ministers such as Xu Guangqi, Li Zhizao and Sun. However, Qu Shizhen's actions violated the interests of those in power, and he was excluded and framed by Wen Zihen and Zhou Yanru. Soon, he was demoted and went home.

1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen) In March, Li Zicheng peasant rebels captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in Jingshan Park. The Manchu took advantage of Wu Sangui's borrowing of soldiers to enter the customs on a large scale. The peasant army was caught off guard and withdrew from Beijing. In May, the emperor shunzhi went to Beijing and began to conquer all China by force. At the same time, King Axe and Zhu Yousong established the Hong Guang regime in Nanking. Qu Shizhen was appointed governor of Guangxi. Qu Shigeng thought that Guangxi was a pivotal strategic location in the southwest corner of China with thick mountains and rivers, so he took Xiao Furen to Guangxi. On the way, Nanjing fell, causing panic everywhere. When he took office in Wuzhou, he urged production and advised the people to farm with peace of mind; While recruiting, we should train carefully, build castles and strengthen our defense. After a while, the floating people gradually settled down. Following the regime, Zhu, the king of Ming and Tang Dynasties, established the Longwu regime in Fuzhou and continued to resist the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Hengjia, King of Jingjiang, who had no intention of Guilin, refused to recognize the Longwu regime, claiming to be "supervising the country" and establishing political power. Send someone to woo Qu Shizhen. Rejected by Qu's family, he wrote a letter blaming Zhu Hengjia: "At the critical moment of the country, Fujian established an emperor to restore the country, and Qi Xin should save the crisis. How can we fight each other? " He also informed the armed forces of ethnic minorities that he was rejected again. Zhu Hengjia couldn't help but become angry from embarrassment and rushed to Wuzhou with troops, threatening with force. Qu Shizhen was dragged my head off, but he still reprimanded that evil deed with a straight face. So he was taken back to Guilin and imprisoned. The army of the Longwu regime beat Zhu Heng's family to death. Zhu Heng's family was trapped in Guilin and had to persuade Qu Shizhen to help defend the city. Qu Shizhen contacted Zhu Henggu's officer Jiao Lian and got in touch with the troops outside the city. He cooperated with the outside world and captured Zhu Hengjia. This separatist activity was shattered.

King Zhu of the Tang Dynasty was promoted to the right assistant of the Ministry of War, and he was an assistant. Qu Shizhen did not enter the DPRK and retired to Guangdong.

1646 (three years of Shunzhi and two years of Longwu) In August, the Qing army defeated Tingzhou and Emperor Longwu was killed. News came that Qu Shizhen and his ministers made Gui Wang Emperor Zhu Youlang, with the title of "Li Yong", and Qu Shizhen was promoted to the right assistant minister of the official department, a university student in Dongge, and was also in charge of the official department. Qu Shizhen and his ministers had hoped that he would make up his mind to fight the Qing soldiers and recover lost ground.

1646 (the third year of Shunzhi and the second year of Longwu), when the Qing army went south, Ganzhou was breached, and Li Si Kun Wang coerced the emperor Li Yong to go to Wuzhou. In November, Su established Zhu Yuyu, the king of the Tang Dynasty, in Guangzhou. Qu Shizhen negotiated with Que Kui to welcome Li Yong to Zhaoqing, and sent the governor Lin Jiading to watch, but was defeated by the Qing soldiers. Qu Shi Xia Kou. Looking forward to December, the Qing army broke Guangzhou. Wang Kun took Emperor Li Yong to the West. When the Qing soldiers went south, Qu Shikuan calmly commanded and relied on the unity of the army and the people. In a short period of 14 months, he resisted three invasions of Guilin by Qing soldiers.

The first time was 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi, the first year of Li Yong).

/kloc-in the first month of 0/647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi, the first year of Shunzhi), the Qing army attacked Zhaoqing and forced Wuzhou, and Governor Cao surrendered. Emperor Li Yong wanted to go to Huguang to find He Tengjiao, while Ding Kuichu, Lu Daqi and Wang Huacheng fled for their lives. Only Qu Shizhen, Wu Bing and Wu Zhenyu stayed with Emperor Li Yong, so they arrived in Guilin by Pingle.

Zhu Youlang was in Guilin on February 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi and the first year of Li Yong). He heard that Pingle was attacked and was about to flee to Quanzhou. Qu Shizhen repeatedly persuaded, even crying and making trouble did not listen. When leaving, Qu Shizhen will go with him. Qu Shizhen said, "The emperor wants me to go with him because he cares about me, but I have a responsibility to defend Guilin, and I am willing to sacrifice for it." Please stay in Guilin. Emperor Li Yong finally promised him that he would be promoted to the University of Wenyuange, and he was still the minister of war. He gave him a sword and got it cheaply. Pingle and Zhou Xun's cameras were breached, and Guilin was in danger.

1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi, the first year) In March, the Qing soldiers had captured Pingle. Qu Shizhen estimated that the enemy was bound to compete for Guilin, while dispatching food and grass, he transferred Jiao Lian's troops stationed in Huangsha Town back to Guilin. Qu Shizhen also collected money himself and rewarded soldiers. The next morning, the Qing soldiers suddenly attacked Guilin and occupied the site of Wenchang Men Site. Qu Shizhen calmly commanded, relying on Jiao Lian, Bai Gui, White and other troops to fight bravely, and the Qing army completely retreated.

The second time was in May of the same year, Liu's department, which was ordered to be stationed in Guilin, clashed with Jiao Lian's department. Liu was swept out of Guilin and Jiao Lian's department was also stationed in Baishitan. Qu Shizhen estimated that the situation was critical, urged Jiao Lian to return to the city, repaired the gap in the wall damaged by long-term rain, and asked them to work together in Qi Xin to defend strongly. The Qing soldiers found that Guilin was an empty city. After the mutiny, people were in panic and attacked Guilin again. I thought it would be easy to occupy Guilin at once, so I not only appointed officials who wanted to take the city, but also brought all the applications. I didn't expect Qu Shi to defend the enemy soldiers outside the city and fight continuously from morning till night. Qu Shizhen led the guarding city officials to steam the stored grain into rice and send it to the front. Early the next morning, Jiao Lian led his troops to attack in the rain. To the surprise of the enemy soldiers, he dropped his armor and helmet and fled one after another. The troops squatted on the other side of the river, and the guns were fired. The Qing soldiers were beaten out of the water, and looking at the trees on the mountain, it was also a Ming army.

Qu hopes to return to Quanzhou, but he doesn't listen. Then he asked Li Yong to go to Guilin, and Li Yong agreed. Just after Wugang was breached, Li Yong fled from Jingzhou to Longcheng, and Qu Shizhen asked Li Yong to go to Guilin again. In November, the Qing soldiers advanced from Hunan to Quanzhou, and Qu Shizhen and He Tengjiao led the troops to resist. Not only was Wuzhou breached again, but Emperor Li Yong was in Xiangzhou and wanted to escape to Nanning. The minister finally tried to return to Guilin in1February.

The third time was 1648 (five years of Shunzhi and two years of Li Yong) in February. Hao Yongzhong, a peasant army general who fought against the Qing Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty, was frustrated in the Lingchuan campaign and retreated to Guilin, where he was discriminated against by the local garrison. The so-called "February mutiny" took place and the situation expanded. Hao Yongzhong also sent officers to embarrass Qu Shizhen. Then it got out of hand. Qu Shizhen also had to retreat to Zhangmu Port.

Hao Yongzhong asked the emperor Li Yong to flee to the west. Qu Shizhen tried hard, but Emperor Li Yong wouldn't listen. Surrounded by guards, Li Yong quickly left and fought with Qu Shizhen again. Emperor Li Yong said: "Qu Aiqing just wants to be loyal to the country." Qu Shizhen stained his clothes with tears. Wang Fu ran away independently, and Hao Yongzhong immediately plundered and killed Tai Changqing and Huang Taiyuan. Qu Shizhen's home was also ransacked, and his family took out He Tengjiao's instructions to get out of the city. In Japan and China, Zhao's troops arrived from Lingchuan, which also plundered and robbed cities inside and outside. Hao Yongzhong fled to Liuzhou and Xuan Yin fled to Yongning.

At the beginning of March, Qu Shizhen returned to the city to take care of the funeral. The first is to calm people's hearts and strengthen combat readiness. Governor He Tengjiao led the troops to guard Guilin. On the 22nd, the Qing soldiers invaded Guilin again. Qu Shishi and He Tengjiao studied operational strategies and directed three-way attacks. The soldiers were desperate and killed the enemy again and again, and the Qing army was defeated. Guilin turned the corner several times, which greatly calmed people's hearts and inspired their fighting spirit. At that time, Qu Shizhen was a college student, a second minister of officers and soldiers, and advocated the theme and subject and object, and United with the peasant army to resist the Qing Dynasty. Because of He Tengjiao's proper command, the various armies cooperated with each other and won several big battles such as Ma and Quanzhou. Jin Shenghuan and Li Chengdong, the generals of the Qing Dynasty, gained a little motivation anyway.

1649 (six years and three years of Shunzhi) After He Tengjiao's martyrdom, when Qu Yuan threw stones and served as governor, he gradually recovered Jingzhou, Yuanzhou, Wugang, Mu Qing and other counties. But in Nanming, they fought for power and profit, and even tried to contain Qu Shizhen. The troops fought for a long time. Without rest, the combat effectiveness was greatly weakened. /kloc-in the first month of 0/650 (the seventh year of Shunzhi and the fourth year of Li Yong), Nanxiong was captured by Qing soldiers. Li Yong fled to Wuzhou. Not only did Quanzhou fall again, but Yan Guan fell, and loyalists who retreated from the front looted along the way, causing chaos. The generals stationed in the city fled without fighting. Qu Shi was so angry that he beat his chest and said, "It's a shame that the state gives these people such generous salaries. Shame! " The situation is getting worse and worse, and the male and female servants are separated. His adjutant told him to leave the city for a while and advised him: "Adults are the pillars of the country, which is related to national security. If you break through, you can also call on patriots from all sides to do big things again. " He said: "The second son (Qu Xuanpin) has gone through many hardships. He came from Changshu to see the adults. He just needs a rest, and father and son can meet. " Qu Shikeng waved and said, "I'll stay behind. I didn't take good care of this place. I am sorry for my country, but I still care about my children! " Dressed up, sitting in the yamen. Governor Zhang Tongchang returned to Guilin from Lingchuan and heard that all the people in the city had left, except Qu Shizhen.

Zhang Tongchang respected Qu Shizhen very much at ordinary times, immediately swam across the river and ran to the left-behind yamen. He met Qu Shizhen and said, "The situation is so critical, what should you do?" Qu Shigui said, "I am left behind, and I have the responsibility to protect this place,' the city survives, and the city dies'. Today, I died for my country and died fair and square. You don't stay, why don't you go? " Zhang Tongchang listened and said, "If you want to die, die together. Teacher, don't you allow me to die with you? " "Just sit down in the chair next to you and drink with QuShiGui. The east turned pale, and the Qing soldiers rushed into the yamen to bind them. Qu Shizhen said: "We are not afraid of death. We have been waiting all night and don't need to tie it up. " Zhang Tongchang swaggered out of the government.

This time, Guilin was captured by Kong Youde, the king of the Southern Qing Dynasty, and Kong Youde was the former governor of Dengzhou in the Ming Dynasty. He is bent on accepting Qu Shi. He wrote a letter of surrender, and Qu Shizhen "burned books to bury Confucianism" and gave a clear answer. This time, I was very happy to hear that Qu Shizhen was captured. Seeing Qu Shizhen come in, I said with admiration, "Are you Qu Gebu?" Good cabinet department! "Qu Shikong smiled and said," Are you a prince? Good prince! "。 Kong Youde surrendered, repeatedly arraigned Pi, and was firmly rejected by Qu. Kong didn't know him, so he got down on his knees. Zhang Tongchang didn't kneel down, but revealed Kong Youde's background and swore. Kong became angry from embarrassment and slapped; Some of his guards pressed Zhang Tongchang's cervical vertebrae to make him bow; Some people hit Zhang Tongchang's knee with the back of a knife and made him kneel. Broken arm, blind in one eye. Seeing this atrocity, Qu Shigeng could not restrain his anger. He stepped forward to help Zhang Tongchang up and said loudly, "This is Governor Zhang Tongchang, Minister of State. He is as determined to die for his country as I am. Let's die together. We must not be rude! "

Kong Youde knew that he could not convince them at the moment, and ordered them to be imprisoned in a temporary prison in Wind Tunnel Mountain (now called Diecai Mountain). Locked in different rooms, two people are allowed to exchange messages in an attempt to persuade them to surrender slowly. At the same time, he also sent people to deliver exquisite food, but both of them were overthrown by two people and dismissed as "food inferior to pigs and dogs" until the rice delivery person was replaced by a former Ming Dynasty official.

Qu Shizhen was in his cell, but Kong Youde sent someone to surrender more than once, but they were all rejected. Later, Kong Youde lowered his hopes and suggested that as long as he was a monk, he could avoid death, but he was also sternly rejected. Qu Shizhen wrote many poems in prison, which reflected the unyielding national integrity and the spirit of loyal service to the country.

During his detention, he sang with Zhang Tongchang's poems, and later compiled Ode to a Hero, in which two phrases were written like this: "Don't laugh at the old lady's death, history will keep her name fragrant." Zhang Tongchang responded: "The clothes don't change first, the name doesn't change, and it stays as a poem after death."

In the poem "Qi Hao Yin", Qu Shizhen compares himself to Su Wu, who was trapped by Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty and endured 19 years in the ice and snow, and compares himself to Wen Tianxiang, who supported half of the country in the late Southern Song Dynasty, fought against the troops of the Yuan Dynasty and was finally captured and killed. He put his life and death at risk, but he never forgot the great cause of the country's resistance to the Qing Dynasty. He wrote a secret letter to Jiao Lian, telling him the actual situation of Qing soldiers in Guilin and asking him to attack Guilin quickly. I was afraid that Jiao Lian would be worried about his imprisonment and told him, "It's a matter of ZTE's great plan, so don't consider my personal gains and losses." This letter was found by the patrolman and dedicated to Kong Youde. Kong knew that he could not change his determination to serve his country. 1 1 month 16 morning, the soldiers suddenly opened the door, claiming, "Please ask Qu Gebu to discuss this matter with Zhang's adult." They naturally knew what was going on, so Qu Shizhen said to the bearer with a shocked face, "Wait a minute, wait until I finish writing Breaking Bad." Therefore, Qu Shizhen wrote: "Treating death and the death of the city calmly, loyal ministers will be independent throughout the ages. "Three hundred years of kindness, my head is still full of fragrance!" Then they cleaned up their clothes, made five obeisances and three kowtows to the south (the ceremony of resigning the emperor), put them on several poems, and went out hand in hand.

Qu Shizhen smiled and said to Zhang Tongchang, "I have lived another forty days. Today, die a fair death! " Zhang Tongchang said loudly, "Go out today and die happily! When I die, I will be a spectre and kill a thief for my country! " With that, he took out a treasured net towel from his arms and put it on his head. "Take this underground to see the first emperor!"

Qu Shizhen and his wife went to Diecai Mountain in the north of Guilin. He looked into the distance and saw the scenery everywhere, so he said to the executioner, "I love beautiful scenery most in my life. This place is quite good. I can go!" " "

Zhang Tongchang's mood is full of excitement. All his life, he once said, "I heard that the virtue of loyal ministers and filial sons can touch the sky." 1650 (Shunzhi seven years, Li Yong four years), died in Xianheyan (south of the wind tunnel) on November 17th of the lunar calendar.

After the death of Qu Shizhen and Zhang Tongchang, the former minister of Ming Dynasty who had become a monk was rescued by Qu Shizhen and buried in Jinbao.

After Qu Shi's martyrdom, Yong Dynasty gave him "Wen Zhong". 1652 (the ninth and sixth years of Shunzhi) In July, Li Dingguo, a former general of the peasant army who fought against the Qing Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty, recovered Guilin. In memory of Qu Shizhen, he summoned his grandson Qu and supported Qu to bury his grandfather in Niuwotan, Fushuiyan, Yushan, his hometown. 1679 (18th year of Kangxi) was moved and buried in Niuwotan, Fushuiyan, Yushan. 1776 (forty-one years of Qianlong), Emperor Qianlong ordered the compilation of Biography of Two Officials, which included all former officials who took refuge in the Qing Dynasty, even the founding minister Fan Wencheng, and praised those who were loyal to the Ming Dynasty. Qu Shizhen was first chased as "Wenzhong" in Yong Dynasty, and later was chased.