(1) earthwork construction preparation
1, clean up the site
All ground objects in the construction area that hinder the construction or affect the stability of the project, such as construction waste, weeds and dead trees, shall be removed from the bottom.
Step 2 drain water
There should be a certain slope when the terrain is sorted out in the early stage of earthwork, and the slope of the road surface and square after completion should not be less than 0.3% to ensure smooth drainage in the later stage and after completion.
3, fixed-point pay-off
After clearing the site, use measuring instruments to set out at a fixed point on the construction site to determine the construction scope and excavation elevation.
(2) Earthwork construction methods and technical measures
To study and formulate the construction scheme for site leveling and earthwork excavation; Draw the construction general layout and earthwork excavation map, and determine the excavation route, sequence, scope, floor elevation, slope gradient, horizontal position of drainage ditch, and excavation earthwork stacking location.
1, before earthwork excavation, find out the obstacles of underground pipelines, and divide the construction area according to the requirements of the construction plan.
The above-ground and underground obstacles have been cleared and processed.
2. The positioning control line (pile) of the location or site of the building or structure; The dimensions of standard horizontal piles and the grey line of their grooves must pass the blockage inspection, and the pre-inspection procedure must be completed.
3. The site surface should be cleaned and leveled, and the drainage slope should be made. In the construction area, temporary drainage ditch should be dug. During construction at night, the working procedure should be arranged reasonably to prevent wrong excavation or overbreak.
4. When excavating the foundation pit and pipe trench below the groundwater level, measures should be taken to reduce the groundwater level according to the local engineering geological data, generally to 50cm below the excavation bottom, and then the excavation is carried out.
5, the excavation of earthwork, when the site conditions piled up, must leave enough good soil needed for backfill, excess earthwork should be transported to the spoil ground at a time, to avoid secondary handling.
6, earthwork excavation is generally not suitable for the rainy season, otherwise the working face should not be too large, should be completed in stages, piece by piece.
7, planting soil backfill
(1) The green earthwork shall be manually trimmed according to the design requirements, and the trimmed terrain shall be naturally flat. The surface layer of planting soil in the green area should be smooth and uneven, not more than 2cm. Planting soil should loosen the soil to breathe, control weeds, improve soil aeration, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, facilitate the decomposition of insoluble nutrients and improve soil fertility. At the same time, weeding can reduce the consumption of water and nutrients, reduce pests and diseases, and make it clean and beautiful.
(2) Backfill soil and planting soil of green space need to be provided from outside. The requirements for planting soil are that the soil particles are uniform, the fertility of green planting soil is medium or above, it is not easy to harden, and the PH value is suitable for seedling growth. When the above requirements cannot be met, remedial measures should be taken, such as fertilization and pH adjustment.
(3) earthwork excavation process
1. Construction procedure: survey, lofting → earthwork excavation and transportation, slag removal → planting soil backfilling → terrain arrangement.
2. The excavation of foundation pits, pipe trenches and strip planting ditches in general landscape buildings can be done manually or mechanically. Construction process: determine the excavation sequence and slope → determine the excavation boundary and depth → excavate by layers → trim the edges → clear the bottom.
3, pay-off, stake to determine the excavation boundary and depth, determine the natural horizon elevation, and calculate the excavation depth according to the specific terrain requirements. Removal of muck should reach the design depth, and the soil should be cleaned up.
(D) Pay attention to quality issues
1. Overexcavation of basement: excavation of foundation pit or trench shall not exceed the elevation of basement.
2. The basement is not protected: after the foundation pit is excavated, the optimal movement of foundation soil should be reduced as much as possible.
3. Unreasonable construction sequence: Earthwork excavation should start from the lower level and be carried out in layers and sections in turn to form a certain slope.
4. Backfilling planting soil should be carried out while pressing, and it is forbidden for earth-moving vehicles to drive directly into the green space. After completion, the edge of the green space will be leveled according to the preset elevation and slope. After the completion of the project, clean up the construction site to a height of 5-8 cm from the greening plane.
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