Chongsheng Temple in Dali, from 7 13 to 74 1 year, experienced the expansion from generation to generation and reached its peak in the period of Dali Kingdom in the Song Dynasty. It has "seven buildings, 890 houses, 1 1400 buddhas, 4,550 bronze welcoming guests, three pavilions, nine halls and hundreds of houses on the seventh floor" and enjoys the scale of "Buddha Capital".
"Cangshan snow reflects Erhai Moon, Xiaguan wind blows flowers" is a true portrayal of beautiful Dali. I can't remember how many times I have been to Dali. Last year, I heard that Dali was restored and rebuilt. I was overjoyed, but I couldn't restrain my longing. I just can't come because of trivial matters. Until March of this spring, we were lucky enough to set foot on the flower sea and come to Dali again, and rushed to Chongsheng Temple to fulfill our wish.
Chongsheng Temple is the only glittering Buddhist temple in Southeast Asia and is known as the "Buddhist Capital". By 108 enlightened monks from all over the world.
Layout/Chongsheng Temple in Dali?
In the gentle breeze and drizzle, we knocked on the door of Chongsheng Temple in Dali, which is known as the "Southern Temple", in order to savor the elegance of the former royal temple.
Entering Chongsheng Temple, we can't help but be impressed by its grand, solemn and beautiful layout. To watch Chongsheng Temple, we must appreciate its profound historical and cultural heritage. Chongsheng Temple is the royal temple in Nanzhao and Dali, and it is the center of politics and religion. In history, nine Dali kings became monks here. In Jin Yong's martial arts, the "Tianlong Temple" where Duan's royal family became a monk is today's Chongsheng Temple.
History/Dali Chongsheng Temple? edit
Chongsheng Temple was once famous for its five heavy weapons: Three Pagodas, Nanzhao Bell, Yutong Guanyin Statue, Sansheng Golden Statue and "Fodu" plaque. Today, there are only three towers left in the five weapons, while Chongsheng Temple, a famous temple, and other four weapons were destroyed by wars and natural disasters in previous dynasties. In 2005, Dali Tourism Group spent RMB 654.38+82 billion to restore and rebuild Chongsheng Temple. The rebuilt Chongsheng Temple covers an area of 600 mu, with Leying Peak in Cangshan in the west and Wanqingbo in Erhai in the east, with an altitude of 265.438+099 meters, a length of 65.438+065.438+036 meters from east to west, a width of 352 meters from north to south and a construction area of 20088.
We visited Dapeng Golden Winged Bird Square, Shanmen, Dharma Hall, Maitreya Hall, Eleven Guanyin Hall, Daxiong Hall, Ayiye Guanyin Pavilion, Shanhai, Daguan Ten Archway and the wood carving art in the temple along the central axis of the largest Han Buddhism temple in China.
The third pagoda of Chongsheng Temple was built during the period of Quanfengyou in Nanzhao (824-859 AD). The great pagoda "Chihiro Pagoda" was first built, with a height of 69.13m. It is a square brick tower with dense eaves and a floor of *** 16. Later, the South Tower and the North Tower were built, both 42. 19 meters high. It is a pair of octagonal brick towers, both of which are 10. The three pagodas are integrated, magnificent and have a quaint national style. The construction of the three pagodas, in addition to Buddhism, has an important reason, that is, Dali was once a "country with frequent floods". The ancient book "Jin Bian" records: "It is said in the world that the dragon worships the tower and fears Peng. Dali used to be Long Ze, so it is a town. " According to legend, there were three towers in ancient times, which were paved with one layer of soil and repaired with another. After the tower was repaired, the soil was dug out layer by layer, so that the tower appeared, so there was a saying of "piling up the civil tower" and "digging out the tower now" When the tower was completed, the bridge was as high as a hill and as long as 10 Li. When repairing the tower, the transportation capacity was insufficient, and the bricks were transported by goats. Now Yinqiao Village in Dali is called Taqiao Village in ancient times. According to ancient records, the completion of the Three Pagodas "took 7.7 million craftsmen and cost 40,000 yuan, which took eight years to complete".
After the completion of the three pagodas, a large-scale Chongsheng Temple was built. After several generations of expansion, it reached its peak in the period of "Dali Kingdom" in the Song Dynasty. According to Nanzhao unofficial history, Chongsheng Temple "has a base of seven miles and a weekly area of more than 300 mu, consisting of 890 houses, 11,400 buddhas and 45,550 bronze welcome"; It has the scale of "three pavilions, seven floors, nine halls and a hundred houses".
In the 18th year of Tang Zhenyuan in Nanzhao (AD 802), Wang Yongqiang of Qi State (now Myanmar) and Prince Shunandou, accompanied by Yimou, king of Nanzhao, went to worship and burn incense at the Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple, so the Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple became the "Buddha Capital" advocated by Southeast Asia and South Asia. During the Dali period, Duan Siping, the first king of Dali, loved Buddhism. Nanzhao unofficial history said that Duan Siping "is good at Buddhism, building temples every year and casting thousands of Buddhas". In A.D. 1056, Yedo, king of Luo Xing (now Thailand), visited Chongsheng Temple twice to greet the Buddha's tooth, and Duan Silian, king of Dali, gave him a jade Buddha. Dali Buddhism is very popular because of its vigorous advocacy. Nine of the twenty-second generation kings of Dali became monks in Chongsheng Temple. They are the second generation Wang Duan Ying Si, the eighth generation Wang Duan Su Long, the ninth generation Wang Duan Su Zhen, the eleventh generation Wang Duan Si Lian, the thirteenth generation Wang Duan Shou Hui, the fourteenth generation Wang Duan Zheng Ming, the fifteenth generation Wang Duan Zheng Chun (also the father of Duan Yu in Eight Dragons) and the sixteenth generation Wang Duan He Yu (also). Among them, the second generation of Wang Duan became a monk in Chongsheng Temple in less than one year. Of course, these kings also love Buddhism, but it is mainly a way out after the failure to compete for the throne. Therefore, there are records of "abdicating as a monk" and "avoiding the world as a monk" in the history books. The Buddhist classic "The Great Infatuation Volume" copied in the Ming Dynasty records the complicated scenes of the king's accession ceremony. It is a unique phenomenon in the history of Buddhism in the world that so many kings become monks. Therefore, it attracts pilgrims from the mainland, Southeast Asia and South Asia.
Pilgrims make pilgrimages to Chongsheng Temple, which has become a "royal temple" respected in Southeast Asia and South Asia. Xu Xiake, a geographer in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Travel Notes of Yunnan: "The temple was built under the Ten Peaks of Cangshan Mountain, and it was named Chongsheng Temple in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. The first three towers stand upright ... The towers are surrounded by towering pines, and the west is entered by the mountain gate. The bell tower is opposite to the three towers, which is extremely magnificent. There is a clock in the building. It is extremely large, with a diameter of more than ten feet and a thickness of one foot. It was cast during the reign of Emperor Mondi (Nanzhao), and its reputation can reach 80 miles. Then there is the hall, followed by the monument ... Then there is Guanyin in Rain and Copper, a statue made of copper, more than three feet high ... From the latter floor, it is the Jingtu Temple. " Chongsheng Temple in Ming Dynasty is famous for its five weapons: Three Pagodas, Nanzhao Bell Hood, Yutong Guanyin Statue, the plaque of Buddhist Capital written by monks in Yuan Dynasty, and the golden statue of Sansheng in Ming Dynasty. Incense is more prosperous, and it has been heard in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Attractions/Chongsheng Temple in Dali?
As early as March 196 1, the three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple were announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. From 1978 to 198 1, the state allocated funds to repair and strengthen the three towers for three years. In this maintenance and reinforcement, there are two important discoveries: first, the footings of the three towers are not stone foundations, but soil foundations; Second, more than 680 precious cultural relics such as Buddha statues and Buddhist scriptures have been cleared up, which is the richest and most important batch of cultural relics discovered so far in Nanzhao and Dali periods. These cultural relics have become historical materials for studying the history of Nanzhao and Dali. During Nanzhao and Dali periods, religious cultures such as Tibetan Buddhism, Indian Tantric Buddhism and Zen Buddhism (Central Plains) met and merged in Dali. Therefore, Dali is called "the ancient capital of Asian cultural crossroads" by sociologists. Three pagodas reflection park. It originated from Jishuitan, a reservoir built during the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s and 1980s. The park covers an area of 27 mu, with a water area of 10 mu. The park faces south and is backed by the three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple, one kilometer away. It is named because the water in the park can clearly reflect the majestic and beautiful image of the three towers. It embeds three towering pagodas into it to make a crystal-clear mirror, which can reflect their beautiful images, adding a lot of beauty and elegance to the beautiful scenery of these three pagodas standing in the sky. The buildings in the park have couplets and poems reflecting the houses of the Bai people. There are many exotic flowers and herbs in the park, such as camellia, Yinxiang and Guijuan. It is an excellent place for tourists to recite couplets, watch hundreds of flowers, or take photos with the beautiful scenery of the three pagodas in the water. Not only on sunny days, but also on moonlit nights, it is also wonderful. The excellent beauty of three towers reflecting the moon can be called the real "three towers reflecting the moon". The reflection of the three pagodas, with its beautiful scenery that contains and blends the iconic symbols of Dali-the three pagodas and the blue sky and white clouds, the sun, the moon, the stars, the snow scene of Cangshan Mountain and the four seasons bloom-has amazed the world, added color to Dali and made it famous. It has attracted countless Chinese and foreign guests to visit and take photos here, and printed many pictorial, book covers, stamps and postcards, which has won a great reputation for Dali for many years. It has won many reputations for Dali, even Yunnan and China ... Sanzang Pagoda and Santa Reflection Park complement each other, complement each other, and are important cultural landscapes and beautiful symbols that best represent the image of Dali.
1. Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple
The three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple, 4 km away from Xiaguan 1.5 km at the foot of Leying Peak in Cangshan, Dali North1.5 km, are magnificent and one of the scenic spots in Xanthium sibiricum.
The pedestal of the three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple is square, surrounded by stone fences, and the four corners of the column are carved with stone lions. There is a stone in the middle of the east, which reads the words "Yongzhen Mountains and Rivers", each word 1.7 meters, which is vigorous and majestic. Looking up under the tower, I saw the tower sitting in the clouds, and the clouds moved to the tower, which seemed to be dumping. The main tower of the Three Pagodas is called Chihiro Pagoda, which is a square 16-story multi-eaves tower with a bottom width of 9.9 meters and a height of 69. 13 meters. There is a copper composite bowl and a tower gate at the top of the tower, which is a typical Tang Dynasty building, just like the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi.
According to legend, the three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple were built in Baohe period of Nanzhao, and more than 600 important cultural relics from Nanzhao and Dali periods were found at the top of the tower. The south and north towers are located behind the main tower, 97.5 meters apart and 70 meters apart from the main tower, forming a tripartite confrontation. Both towers are octagonal eaves hollow bricks, with the grade of *** 10, each with a height of 43 meters.
2. Three Pagodas Reflection Park
The majestic Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple also gave birth to the Three Pagodas Reflection Park in the 1980s.
The park covers an area of 27 mu, with a water area of 10 mu. The park faces south and is backed by the three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple, one kilometer away. It is named after the pool water in the park can clearly reflect the majestic posture of the three towers. The buildings in the park include couplets reflecting the houses of the Bai people, marble pavilions engraved with poems, and overflow pavilions with shadows in the water. There are many exotic flowers and herbs in the park, such as camellia, osmanthus, rhododendron and so on. Visitors who are in the reflection garden of the Three Pagodas, or recite couplets, or watch the bloom with a hundred herbs, or stare at the Three Pagodas in the water, or take photos as a souvenir, are inevitably complacent and even linger. The reflection of the three towers is not only wonderful in sunny days, but also wonderful in the moonlight at night.
On the west side of the pool, there is a marble pavilion about 5 meters high. After passing through the exhibition hall, you can walk a few meters along the winding corridor to reach the Bo Yang Pavilion in the water. The pavilion is hexagonal, carved with beams and painted with buildings, with scarlet columns, reflecting clear water and blue sky, which is refreshing. There is an island on the south side of the Bo Yang Pavilion, where a pair of lifelike white cranes are shaped. The reflection in the water and the movement of people are in harmony with the Bo Yang Pavilion.
Camellia, Yinxiang, Rhododendron and other exotic flowers and herbs are widely planted in the southwest of the park, making it a garden in the garden. The path in the park is paved with marble, the moss on the roadside is as green as dye, the garden is shaded by trees, cool and pleasant, and birds are singing.
The most distinctive feature of the reflection park is that the pool water is green as jade, crystal clear, the water waves are as calm as a mirror, and the reflection of the three towers is clear and breathtaking. Different angles have different reflection forms, which is the best position to shoot the Three Towers. In winter, the whole Cangshan Mountain is covered with silver, and the reflection of the three towers is even more beautiful and charming. As Yang Bingkun praised in A Record of the Three Pagodas in Qing Dynasty, "Buddha is better than nave, and the three pagodas take care of themselves. The reflection of Heron Lake is flat, in which the illusion says that the king is empty. "
The three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple and the reflection garden of the three pagodas complement each other and become an important cultural landscape that best represents the image of Dali.