Technical management of autumn pear planting

1, garden preparation

Choose a plot with irrigation conditions and fertile soil to build a garden, prepare the soil in the autumn of the first year and build the garden in the spring of the second year. Prepare soil before planting. Last autumn, we dug a tree planting ditch with a depth of 80cm, and applied sufficient organic fertilizer, balanced compound fertilizer and live soil compound microbial inoculum. After that, fill the soil, ditch, ditch, and cover with plastic film to preserve moisture.

2. Close planting cultivation

Qiuyue pear is a short branch variety with strong flowering ability, so Qiuyue pear is suitable for close planting, and you can choose two modes: trunk cultivation and Y-type cultivation. Autumn pear seedlings of 1 year were selected in spring, and the spacing was 4m× 65438+80cm. In order to improve the seed setting rate, pollination trees such as Huangyuan and Huang Guan are needed.

3. Water and fertilizer management

(1) Water management: water in time after topdressing. According to the soil moisture, determine the appropriate irrigation time and frequency, and drain the accumulated water in time when it rains heavily.

(2) Fertilization management: Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. In general, the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer fermented or retted at high temperature, and the fertilization amount of young trees is 2000-4000kg；; Per mu; Apply 1.5-2kg high-quality farmyard manure at the first fruit stage of pear; Before freezing, 4 ~ 6-year-old trees should be applied with granular organic fertilizer 150-200 kg with organic matter content above 30% per mu.

4. Flower and fruit management

(1) Artificial pollination: Artificial pollination with mixed pollen can obviously increase the number of fruits. Pollination begins when the pear blossoms in autumn moon are 25% open. It's sunny, breezy or windless, and the effect is better after 9 am.

(2) Sparse flowers and fruits: generally, leave one inflorescence at a distance of about 25 cm, and all the other inflorescences are sparse. Fruit thinning is to remove pests and diseases, poor fertilization, abnormal shape, falling leaves, upside-down fruits and drooping fruits. Keep those young fruits that grow horizontally on both sides of the fruiting branch group.

(3) Fruit bagging: bagging should be started 30 days after flowering, and double-layer bags with gray outside and black inside are better, and the specification is generally 165mm× 198mm. Wet mouth treatment should be done before bagging, and the bag mouth should be tightly tied to prevent pests such as pear psylla, mealybug and Tenebrio molitor from entering the bag.

5, plastic pruning

Autumn is dominated by short fruit branches. Therefore, the cultivation of fruit branches should adopt the method of cutting first and then shrinking, that is, the medium and long branches should be cut short first, and then shrunk to the place with branches after the flower buds are formed behind them. After entering the fruiting period, the overgrown auxiliary branches should be retracted in time, and the back branches should be thinned to prevent them from damaging the tree structure. When pruning in summer, competitive branches, clustered branches and back branches should be properly thinned to maintain the growth advantages of main branches and extended branches.