(1) Arrange the weld position reasonably. Weld should be as symmetrical as possible with the neutral axis of the component section; Welds should not be too concentrated.

② Reasonable selection of weld size and shape. On the premise of ensuring that the structure has enough bearing capacity, try to choose smaller weld size and symmetrical groove.

③ Minimize the number and length of welds.

2, take reasonable assembly process measures:

① reserved shrinkage allowance method.

② Anti-deformation method.

③ Rigid fixation method.

This method is widely used in welding the bottom plate of large storage tanks. When assembling pressure vessels and spherical tanks, arc stiffening plates and herringbone clamps are often used for rigid fixation.

④ Reasonable selection of assembly procedures. When the tank bottom plate is welded, the short weld can be welded first, and then the long weld can be welded.

3, take reasonable welding process measures:

① Reasonable welding method.

② Reasonable welding specifications.

③ Reasonable welding sequence and direction.

(4) for interlayer hammering (the bottom should not be hammered).

Extended data:

In the welding process, the workpiece and solder melt to form a melting zone, and the molten pool cools and solidifies to form a connection between materials. In this process, pressure is usually needed. There are many sources of welding energy, including gas flame, arc, laser, electron beam, friction and ultrasound.

In the welding process, if the atmosphere is in direct contact with the high-temperature molten pool, the oxygen in the atmosphere will oxidize metals and various alloy elements. Nitrogen and water vapor in the atmosphere enter the molten pool, and defects such as porosity, slag inclusion and cracks will also be formed in the weld during the subsequent cooling process, which will worsen the quality and performance of the weld.

A metal material with a melting point lower than that of the base metal is used as the solder, and the base metal is wetted by the liquid solder to fill the joint gap, and the welded part is connected by mutual diffusion with the base metal. Suitable for welding of various materials and different metals or heterogeneous materials.