First, the appearance of palpation.
Doctors first obtain preliminary information by observing the patient's appearance. The doctor will observe the shape, outline and skin color of the patient's abdomen. This step can help doctors to observe obvious lesions, such as protrusion, deformity and pigment change.
Appearance palpation content:
1, abdominal shape
The doctor will observe the overall shape of the abdomen, such as flat, convex or concave. Abnormal abdominal shape may be related to pathological conditions, such as organ enlargement, effusion or mass.
2. Abdominal contour
The doctor will pay attention to whether the outline of the abdomen is symmetrical and whether there are local bumps or bulges. Asymmetric contours or local bulges may indicate organ enlargement, mass, etc.
Second, superficial palpation
The doctor gently touches and presses the patient's abdomen with his fingers to feel the surface of the patient's skin, muscles and abdominal organs. Through superficial palpation, doctors can find tenderness, tenderness, lump and other possible pathological manifestations.
Shallow palpation content:
1, muscle tension
The doctor will observe the tension of the patient's abdominal muscles. Local muscle tension may be related to inflammation or stimulation in abdominal cavity.
Step 2 be gentle and considerate
The doctor will pay attention to whether the patient has tenderness or tenderness. Tenderness refers to the feeling of pain under slight touch or pressure, and tenderness refers to the feeling of obvious pain under pressure. These reactions may indicate inflammation, infection, tumor and other problems in a certain area of the abdomen.
Third, deep palpation.
After superficial palpation, if further examination is needed, the doctor will use more strength to carry out deep palpation. The doctor gradually goes deep into the abdomen with his fingers to check the position, size, shape and texture of the internal organs. Deep palpation can find deeper local tenderness, lumps and organ enlargement.
Key points of deep palpation:
1, step by step
The doctor will gradually increase the pressure on the finger, let the finger gradually penetrate into the abdominal cavity, and feel the position, size, shape and texture of the internal organs.
2. Organ examination
Doctors will touch and evaluate various internal organs such as liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas and cecum during deep palpation. Through deep palpation, doctors can observe and evaluate the swelling, local tenderness and abnormal texture of these organs.
Fourth, percussion.
Percussion is to tap the patient's abdomen with fingers or percussion instruments to evaluate the state of the internal organs of the abdomen. Through percussion, doctors can hear different degrees of * * * sound, voiced sound or solid sound, thus judging the changes of organs in abdominal cavity.
Key points of percussion:
1, * * * beep
Normal abdominal organs, such as the liver and stomach, will make a crisp sound, which is a relatively crisp sound. * * * chirp, indicating that the organ is in a normal state.
Step 2 learn the sound
Doctors will use different tapping techniques and strengths to tap on different parts of the abdomen to learn the sound characteristics produced by different organs.