1. Apple trees are pruned in autumn.
Autumn cutting time is from mid-August to mid-late 10. Trees that stop early in autumn should be cut early, and trees that stop late should be cut late, which should generally be completed within 20 ~ 30 days before defoliation.
Second, the three main points of autumn pruning and plastic surgery
1. Clean the tree room
In the management of apple production, many fruit farmers know that the leaves on the apple tree are the main organs that exercise photosynthesis to produce organic nutrients, and about 90% of the dry matter of fruit trees is synthesized by leaves, which is the material basis for the growth and development of fruit trees to form yield. At the same time, leaves perform many physiological functions such as respiration, transpiration and absorption on fruit trees. The size and thickness of apple leaves truly reflect the development of fruit. If sufficient fertilizer and water are given in production, the leaves will be big and thick, and photosynthesis will be good.
The leaves are concentrated in the whole canopy, forming a leaf curtain. Because the leaf curtain changes greatly in the annual cycle, the thickness of the leaf curtain is a measure of the leaf area. In the actual orchard production, because the leaf area is too large, some leaves in the inner chamber can't see the sunlight, so they can't carry out photosynthesis and become invalid leaves. Therefore, pruning apple trees in autumn is particularly important. Proper pruning of upright and crowded branches indoors and removal of over-dense branches that affect fruit coloring, especially pruning before bagging, provide good favorable conditions for fruit coloring in the later stage.
2. Slow down the speed of pulling branches.
It is best to pull branches in autumn, because autumn is the period of nutrient return. After the opening angle, nutrients are easy to accumulate in the branches, and the flower buds are full and well formed. In addition, the advantage of pulling branches in autumn is that the branches are soft and the back of thick branches will not germinate. By pulling branches, the effect of "pulling levels, pulling balance, pulling trees and pulling levels" can be achieved.
3. Thinning branches adds luster
It can improve the lighting conditions in the crown and the nutritional status of nearby branches. Generally, if the illumination of the tree is not good, the branches can be thinned flexibly before the fruit is bagged. For those that affect the coloring of the fruit and the poor illumination in the inner room, the branches can be thinned appropriately so as not to affect the bagged fruit. From fruit picking to defoliation, because the leaves are intact, the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body are easy to master. Dewatering some branches (strong branches) can improve the light of trees, enhance the function of leaves, be beneficial to the formation of flower buds and nutrient accumulation, and be beneficial to the healing of wounds caused by dewatering.
Finally, I would like to remind you that in the autumn pruning of fruit trees, the amount of branches and leaves in the orchard is closely related to the age of trees, target yield, site conditions, management level and shaping methods. According to the actual situation of orchard and crown size, the pruning degree is reasonably determined.