Common tomato compound species: including 6 kinds of tomatoes, of which 3 kinds of fruits are colored and the other 3 kinds of fruits are green. 1. Ordinary tomatoes are self-fertilized and can only be inbred. The stigma of wild cherry tomato will protrude a little more than the anther cone when it blooms, so a small part will naturally cross. Common tomato is an annual plant, which is vine-shaped, semi-vine-shaped or erect. Its leaves have different shades of nicks, from smooth to hairy. Inflorescence from simple to complex, there are few or many flowers, small flowers, medium flowers and large flowers, calyx is shorter or longer than corolla, ovary is smooth or hairy, stigma is cylindrical, fruit is oblate, spherical and rectangular. Dark yellow or light yellow, green, purple, etc. The average height of plants is 50~80cm, even more than 3 m. The stems of different varieties are mostly upright at seedling stage, and often grow upside down due to the weight of the fruit when they grow up. Fruits have various shapes and different depths of calyx depression, and the weight of a single fruit is generally1~ 500 g; A single fruit has 40~400 seeds, heart-shaped, hairy and flat. (1) The ancestor of cherry tomato (Var.cerasiformeAlef) is L.esculentumVar.cerasiforme, which is the only wild tomato found outside South America. Cherry tomato is more adaptable to tropical and humid environment than other common tomato varieties. There is a close genetic relationship between current tomato varieties and wild cherry tomatoes. These two types easily cross each other. The plant grows sturdily, its stem is tendril-shaped, and its surface is covered with thin and short yellow hairs (2.5 mm long). The leaves are large, deeply dented, the lobes are long, the apex is gradually pointed, and the middle lobe is oval, oval or round. Inflorescence is mainly solitary, long or short, with few flowers, mainly composed of 5 perianth, and a few have 6 perianth. The calyx is almost as long as the petals. Ovary spherical, stigma short or as long as stamens. The fruit is spherical, fiery red, dark yellow, 2-celled, smooth or hairy, and the seeds are heart-shaped and fluffy. This variety is widely distributed in Mexico, Central America and Peru. Cherry tomato fruit tastes sour, which is widely used in canned food and can also be used as the original material for breeding disease-resistant varieties. ⑵ Pear-shaped tomatoes grow moderately strong, with erect or creeping stems, smooth or hairy leaves. Inflorescences are mainly single inflorescences and racemes. A few have strong branches, few flowers and occasionally many. Calyx is shorter than petals. The petals gradually taper into an oval shape. Ovary long, stigma short or equal to stamens, fruit 2-loculed, occasionally 3-loculed. Fruit shape index 1.5~2.0, the fruit color is red, yellow, pink, heart-shaped and fluffy. The offspring obtained by crossing pear-shaped tomato with spherical tomato are oval, oblong and oval; The offspring obtained by crossing with cultivated varieties have great variation, which provides great selectivity and can obtain many valuable varieties. ⑶ Pleurotus eryngii is moderately strong, with a stem height of 130~ 150cm, medium-sized leaves, deep lobes, simple and short inflorescences, and a length of 8~ 10cm. There are very few flowers, about seven. The flower is medium-sized, with 5-6 petals, 2 cm in diameter, and the style length is equal to that of stamens. The fruit is small (2.5-3.0 cm long and 1.5-2.0 cm wide), with fruit shape index 1.5-2 and single fruit weight 10. (4) Tomato (long spike variety) has medium intensity, erect or creeping stems, 70 cm high, fluffy leaves, large to medium, round and full lobes. Inflorescence has a single raceme, occasionally a complex raceme, with many flowers, usually 7, 5 perianth and a few 6. Sepals are shorter or longer than petals, and styles are equal to or longer than stamens. The fruit weighs 30 ~ 50g, and it is red, pink and dark yellow. This species is edible, widely distributed and has a high dry matter content. Therefore, it is a good raw material for cultivating processed varieties. At the same time, it has low requirements for soil and strong adaptability. 5. The common tomato (Var.vulgare) grows vigorously, and its stem is tendril-like, semi-tendril-like or dwarf. The branches are weak and strong, the body surface is hairy, the leaves are large and large, and there are shapeless nicks. The color of the leaves varies from light green to dark green, and the edges of the leaves have blunt serrations to sharp serrations. Inflorescences have racemes or compound racemes, and flowers range from a few to many. Fruits have varieties of various shapes, colors, sizes and maturity, and most cultivated varieties are concentrated in this variety. [6] The growth of tomato plants with large leaves is moderately robust, and the leaf coverage is moderate or sparse. The stem is creeping. They are full of fluff and have big leaves, like potato leaves, so they are also called potato leaf tomatoes. The lobes of leaves are 1~2 pairs, which are whole. Interlobular and interlobular loss. Inflorescences are simple or complex. Flowers are small, with 5-7 perianth. Fruits are round, oblate and oblate, and some are oval. There are several to many sub-venues. The color of the fruit is fiery red, pink or yellow. This variety is rare among cultivated varieties and has no special economic cultivation value. It is classified as a variety only according to the particularity of leaf shape. (7) The upright tomato (Var.valiudmBaily) grows vigorously, with short or medium height, strong branching, thick and erect stems, short internodes and fluff on the stems. Petiole is short, leaves are dark green and wrinkles are obvious. Inflorescence from simple to complex, flowers from few to many, flowers from small to large, with 5~6 perianth. The fruit is spherical, oblate or oblate with a smooth or diamond surface. There are two kinds of fruits: lux and pink. (8) Tomato (JUS 1) mill is a wild colored fruit, which can be easily seen in low altitude areas of Peru. Its wild species grow in coastal valleys all over Peru, and can be collected in the northern coast of Peru (7 ~ 8 south latitude). Tomatoes with good leaves can also be collected around the Lima River and at the southernmost tip of Peru near the Chilean border. Small leaf tomato and common tomato can be crossed, and the genetic relationship is very close. This is the only wild species that shows natural infiltration with common tomato. In both cases, lobular tomato plays an important role in the evolution of cultivated tomato, because the current varieties are closely related to it and easy to backcross. Tomato with exquisite leaves is an attractive germplasm resource in plant breeding. Taking tomato with good leaves as parents, varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt and bacterial spot disease were bred. 2. Lycopersicon Chichesmaniiriley is the third tomato with colorful fruit and the only one found in Galapagos Islands. Because it is completely separated from the mainland species in geography, it can be judged that all types of Chesmanly tomatoes evolved independently are self-fertilized and can only be inbreeded. All groups are consistent. Self-pollination leads to small fruit development (diameter 6544), and the color accumulation content of some races of the same type is less, and the fruit is yellow or yellow-green when it matures. Chismani tomato does not provide breeding disease-resistant genes for plant breeders, but a valuable feature of Chismani tomato varieties is salt tolerance. Many genes in coastal populations of wild species have been backcrossed with Walter, a domesticated common tomato cultivar, so that this plant can survive and bear fruit under 70% seawater irrigation. 3. The diversity center is located in south latitude 12 ~ 14 and west longitude 72 ~ 74 in Peru. This area is the hinterland of Peru, which is relatively remote, so these two species were discovered late. Watch out for tomatoes. Chimei Liuski tomato is an overlapping species in this area. Now, it is possible to cross floret tomato with common tomato without overcoming any interspecific obstacles. The problem encountered is how some floret tomato strains accept the pollen of common tomato, but this only reflects the difficulty of wildflower emasculation technology. There are several biotypes of floret tomato, which have dominant defoliation gene and recessive lethal effect, and only appear when crossing with (ordinary) tomato. This gene is not expressed when it is outbred with other Chimerichki tomatoes. These two species hybridize with other species of Lycopersicon, belonging to "tomato complex". Although its fruit is grayish green when it matures, the species of floret tomato' minutum' is more similar to the lotion tomato with green fruit than other species of tomato, but different from other green fruits. Chimeichi tomato and floret tomato have higher sugar content when they are ripe. After a series of backcrosses between Chimeichi tomato (soluble solids10 ~1%) and California variety VF- 145 (soluble solids about 5%), the sugar content and fruit of the brooding strain increased obviously. 4. Lycopersicon HusumHumbandbunpi is an annual or perennial plant, whose stem is upright at first, but then droops due to its own weight. The surface is covered with long yellow fine hairs, which is its main feature, so it is called hairy tomato. The villi are 2.5 ~ 3.5 mm long, and the long hairs on the stems and lateral branches are mixed with short yellow hairs. The leaves are large, 20~30cm long and 10~ 12cm wide. They are long and narrow oval, with irregular stipules at the base, short petioles, many leaves and dense hairs on them. Inflorescence of medium size, long15cm, solitary or curly-tailed, with fine hairs. There are 10~ 15 flowers on each inflorescence. The base of the flower has paired bracts, and the calyx is small and short with 5 sepals. Petals are yellow, usually 5, anthers are spindle-shaped, 3~4mm in diameter, style is almost as long as stamens, and stigma is rod-shaped. Fruit diameter 1.5~2.5cm, green and white, with long fuzz, dark brown seeds and smooth top. Hairy tomato is a typical alpine plant, which grows at an altitude of 2000~2500m and is rarely seen below1100 m. It is a short-day plant. Under the illumination of 18h, the flower is very weak, while under the illumination of 12h, the flower is flourishing, but it cannot bear fruit. Suitable for cultivation under the condition of light 8 ~10h. Chemical composition of tomato fruit (estimated fresh weight percentage: dry matter 10. 1%, total sugar 1.66% (including monosaccharide 0.50%, disaccharide 1. 16%), acid 0.32%. The content of chemical components in this fruit is slightly different from other varieties, which is bitter and inedible, but the content of carotene in the fruit is 3~4 times higher than the highest content of cultivated varieties. Wool-colored tomatoes have the requirement of low temperature tolerance, and can withstand long-term low temperature (0~3℃) or even -2℃ without freezing. Ⅱ. Peruvian tomato complex 1. Chilean tomatoes have the habit of growing upright, while three typical Peruvian tomatoes grow prostrate. Chilean tomato leaves have 1 1 lobes, which is rare in Peru. The last difference is that the inflorescence length (peduncle length 14~20cm) is a remarkable feature of Chilean tomatoes. Compared with Peruvian tomatoes, Chilean tomatoes have less morphological variation and relatively concentrated geographical distribution. It is distributed in the southernmost part of wild tomato species and can usually be seen in the south of Chile and Peru. Like other wild tomato varieties, Chilean tomatoes are concentrated in coastal areas with high altitude, extending from the eastern region to the Pacific coast in the west. 2. Tomato (Lycopersiconperuvianum(L)Mill) is a perennial creeping plant, and its stem is easy to bend. The surface is smooth or has dense, short white fluff or tender yellow fluff, and the base is more than the top. The leaves are deeply nicked, smooth and hairy. The leaves are 20 ~ 25cm long and10 ~12cm wide. There are incorrect stipules at the base of petiole. Lobes 3~5 pairs (4 pairs in common), ovoid or ovoid, obtuse or acuminate. They form an irregular circle at the base, and the circular lobes are oval and 3 ~ 5 mm long. Inflorescence solitary or curly-tailed, short, about 5~9cm long, with 6~ 1 1 flower on it, and elliptic or heart-shaped bracts at the base of inflorescence. Calyx is small, 5 pieces, corolla is bright orange yellow, and length is 10~ 13mm. There are five petals. Stamens short, about 6 ~ 9 mm long, pointed. The anther is 4~6mm long and 1.5~2mm thick. The stigma is head-shaped and the ovary is villous. The fruit is round or nearly round, with a diameter of 1~2cm and 2 cells. The fruit is fluffy, the seeds are flat, the surface is smooth and grayish brown. The chemical composition of tomato fruit in Peru is as follows: dry matter 12.75%, total sugar content 2.47% (monosaccharide 0.96%, disaccharide10.5%), acid 0.73%, and Vc content 50.4 mg/ 100 g. Tomato ecotype is developed under certain historical environment conditions. The strains of the same ecotype have similar species characteristics and adaptability to environmental conditions. Ecotype has certain reference value in the preparation of hybrid or hybrid generation. There are several ecotypes of tomato: 1. Italian ecotype has strong drought tolerance and is easily infected with diseases under high humidity conditions; Strong adaptability to poor soil and weak cold tolerance. Fruit can only be colored at a higher temperature. Plants grow strongly, and although the fruits are small, there are many. The flesh is thick and the skin is dark red or yellow. Its main varieties are red milk, Momo persimmon, Kalmit, Bulgarian 10, Xia Guang, Kemet, yellow milk, yellow oblate and so on. 2. The ecological types in Eastern Europe have strong cold tolerance, and the fruits can be colored gradually under the condition of low temperature and weak light. Adapted to cohesive soil, precocious. Plant growth is weak, mostly dwarfing, small and medium-sized fruits, suitable for northern production with short growth period. Its main varieties are lighthouse, precocious 1 165, children and so on. 3. The ecological types in Western Europe have strong adaptability to temperature, can tolerate both low temperature and high temperature, and can grow well under weak light and humidity conditions. The fruit is clean. It is a medium-sized or large-sized fruit, suitable for early-maturing cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. Its main varieties are precocious red circle, early bird drill, Jinzhou Xiaomiao, arianna, Shengli and so on. 4. American ecological types are weak in drought and humidity tolerance, not tolerant to low temperature and weak light, and prefer fertile sandy soil. The fruit is neat and big, with red, pink and yellow colors. The plant has strong growth potential and high yield, and is suitable for intensive cultivation. Its varieties mainly include Kade Dahong, No.1 in the world, Wuchang Dahong, Apple Green, Pink Sweet Meat, Orange Chenjia, Rutgers, Glix, Huguosha and Visa. Others include tomato (Lyopersiconpennellii), tomato-like eggplant and tomato-like eggplant (SolanumlycopersicvudesDun, SolanumrickiiCorr).