Mudan District is a county-level administrative district under the jurisdiction of Heze City, Shandong Province, which is located at the junction of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui provinces. As of June 3, 20 12 1 2, it now governs 10 streets, 13 towns and1towns, namely: Dongcheng Street, Xicheng Street, Cheng Nan Street, Beicheng Street, Peony Street, He Lou Street and Wanfu. (Danyang Street, Yuecheng Street and Dianhutun Street are managed by Heze Development Zone, and Wanfu Street and Lvling Town are managed by Heze High-tech Zone). Mudan District is the only municipal administrative district in Heze and the political, economic and cultural center of southwest Shandong. It is a famous hometown of traditional Chinese opera, calligraphy and painting, martial arts and Quyi, and China Peony City. It is the largest peony production, scientific research, export base and tourist area in China. Peony District has a long history, rich and splendid cultural resources, and many famous people come forth in generations, including Wen Zisheng, a famous writer in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Huang Chao, a leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, He Siyuan, Zhao, a famous patriot and educator in modern times, and other famous anti-Japanese celebrities, as well as stories of visiting sages.

Peony planting should choose loose, fertile and well-drained sandy soil, and plant it in leeward, sunny and difficult to accumulate water. Generally, it is planted in late September of 10 to early October of 10. The planting depth should be the level of the soil at the junction of roots and stems, and the size of the planting pit should be the extent to which the roots can stretch. Leave some fine soil in the pit to form a small pier, let the roots sit on the soil, straighten them out, and then re-cultivate the soil, and be practical, water them two or three times, with a spacing of 50X50(cm). 1. Sowing: In early August, peony seeds will be harvested in time after they are mature, and sowed immediately. If seeds are sown too late, they should not germinate in spring. Peony does not bloom until 5-6 years after sowing, so this method is generally only used when cultivating new varieties. 2. Plant division: Dig out the big peony plants that have grown for more than five years, put them in the shade for 2-3 days, divide them into 2-3 branched seedlings when the roots become soft, and plant them in the nursery. 3. Grafting: Cut soil buds or annual short branches from big peony, cut them into wedges of 2-3cm, embed them in peony roots with a length of 15-20cm, wrap them tightly with hemp skin, spread mud and plant them. The grafting time is from the first ten days of September to1the first ten days of October, and the grafted seedlings should be dug and planted, with the plant spacing of 10-650.

L, fertilization: fertilization at least three times a year, the first time before flowering, to promote flowering; The second time, it was applied half a month after flowering to supplement the nutrients consumed by flowering; Apply overwintering fertilizer before the third overwintering. The fertilizer is mainly decomposed cake fertilizer. Fertilization amount should be 0.5- 1 kg per plant, or chemical compound fertilizer can be mixed. 2, watering: Peony is relatively drought-tolerant, but it still needs watering in dry season to keep the soil moist, and water should be removed in time after rain. 3. Pest control: Brown spot is a common disease of peony. The control method is to spray Bordeaux solution or Tobin solution and carbendazim solution every half month after flowering every year. Cut off diseased leaves in time before winter and burn them, and spray sulfur mixture before germination in spring. The main pests of peony are scale insects. In summer and autumn, white striped worm adheres to branches and leaves, and after winter, it can be sprayed with 500 times fluoroacetamide or 1000 times omethoate liquid or coated with sulfur mixture. Grubs are the main underground pests, and the control method: wash and water the roots with 50% phoxim EC 1000- 1500 times, and the appropriate amount is 0.25kg per mu.

In short, peony has entered various cultural fields (peony culturology includes botany, horticulture, pharmacology, geography, literature, art, folklore and other disciplines). Peony is the most famous traditional flower in China, with bright colors, elegant and dignified flowers. Its varieties include red peony, purple peony, Bai Mudan peony, yellow peony, and rare black peony and green peony. The ancients once praised: "Only peony is the true national color, bloom, Tokyo." Peony is not only beautiful, but also its root is a kind of medicine. So peony deserves to be called "the king of flowers". Before the Revolution of 1911, the most fragrant peony was the national flower of our country. In recent years, peony and plum blossom are the most popular flower varieties in the national flower selection activities.

Peony cultivation began in Sui Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty, and was the best in Song Dynasty. It is elegant, beautiful and gorgeous, which means good luck, wealth and prosperity. It is a symbol of the prosperity and happiness of the Chinese nation. Peony flowers in Luoyang are large, varied and colorful. There are 9 color systems, 10 flower patterns and 1000 varieties, including red, white, pink, yellow, purple, blue, green, black and multicolor. When I was in bloom, Luoyang was crowded with people, vying to see the beauty of peony.

1. Time: The suitable time for potted peony is the same as that for field planting. Heze and Luoyang are usually suitable for 10 from late September to early October. Early planting is prone to "autumn hair", too late root growth is slow, plant growth is not prosperous, and even it is easy to die after flowering in the second year. 2. Method: Before potted peony, dig out the seedlings and dry them for 1~2 days to make the roots dehydrated and soft, which is convenient for pruning and planting. Before planting, put the flowerpot into the pool to absorb enough water. When planting, first put tiles on the drainage holes at the bottom of the basin to prevent soil leakage; Then spread pebbles or waste brown rope with a thickness of 2~5 cm to facilitate drainage. Prune peony seedlings before planting, so that the above-ground and underground parts are balanced, the shape is beautiful and generous, and it is convenient for cultivation management. Cut off dead branches, dead leaves and excessively long roots, and disinfect the roots with 1% copper sulfate solution for 5~ 10 minutes. Then plant the seedlings in the center of the basin, and compact them by hand while filling the soil until they are 3~5 cm away from the upper edge of the basin. After potted, the pot surface can be matched with plants such as Taihu stone, quartz stone, bamboo shoots, peony, etc., which not only increases the beauty of potted peony, but also makes the pot surface full of green, full of vitality, and can also play the role of moisturizing and heat preservation.

Third, management: (1) watering. Potted plants must be watered in time to maintain the normal water demand of peony because of their small capacity, little soil and limited water holding capacity. Water 1 time immediately after planting, and then water 1 time every 3~4 days to keep the soil moist. If the soil is too wet. It is easy to make the branches and leaves white and long, too wet or stagnant for a long time will rot the roots. Especially in summer and autumn, we should control the humidity of the basin soil, do not dry it, and do not water it. Too wet buds flourish in autumn and do not bloom in the following spring. (2) fertilization. The nutrients in the basin soil are limited, and only timely topdressing can ensure the normal growth and development of peony. Top dressing can be started in the next spring, and sesame seeds, peanuts and bean cakes can be used after fermentation. When watering, water 1~2 times a week during the growing period. Water 1 time per day before and during flowering. After the flowers wither, they should be cultivated for foliar spraying, and no topdressing is needed during winter dormancy. Peony can be cultivated in the open field or potted for viewing. The best planting season is September -65438+ 10. Potted peony should choose varieties with strong adaptability, early flowering and good flower pattern, such as Luoyanghong, Hong Hu and Zhao Fen. Plants should choose peony as rootstock, 3-4-year-old peony or 3-5 branch seedlings.

When potted, the bottom of the basin can be covered with 3-5 cm thick coarse sand or pebbles to facilitate drainage. Potted soil should be a mixture of yellow sandy soil and cake fertilizer, or a culture soil mixed with fully decomposed manure, garden soil and coarse sand at the ratio of1:1. Filling makes the roots stretch, not curl; After covering the soil, it should be compacted by hand, so that the roots are in close contact with the soil and easy to survive. After the pot is put on, water it once and put it in the shade to slow down the seedlings. After it is transferred to normal management, it can be placed in a sunny place to ensure sufficient sunshine. Always loosen the soil during the growing period and apply compound fertilizer every half a month or so. Peony in the new pot should not be fertilized, especially avoid applying thick fertilizer, otherwise the fleshy roots will rot and die. After half a year, you can gradually apply some thin fertilizer, such as decomposed chicken manure water or bean water, with a ratio of fertilizer to water of 20%-30%. The peony in the new pot may not bloom well in the first year, but it can bloom every year after 1-2 years. Peony blooms in the middle and late April of a year, and liquid fertilizer can be applied 1-2 times before flowering; Topdressing liquid fertilizer 1-2 times half a month after flowering; In dog days, sesame sauce residue (about 40-50g per pot) can be applied with 1 times dry fertilizer, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation. Peony is a fleshy root, which is slightly drought-resistant and most afraid of water accumulation, so whether it is properly watered is the key to the success or failure of potted peony. Peony leaving the house in early spring should be watered and fertilized first, then watered, and then loosened after the water is slightly dry. In the future, it is necessary to water the soil timely and properly according to the weather and soil conditions, and keep the soil moist frequently, which is beneficial to the growth and flowering of peony. Reasonable watering should be dry but not wet, and should not be watered to prevent water accumulation, so as to avoid rotten roots and fallen leaves.

When peony blossoms, it can be covered in the shed or temporarily placed indoors to avoid direct sunlight and prolong the flowering period. The terminal bud of the main branch is a leaf bud, so it should be picked to avoid unnecessary growth and affect flowering. In order to make peony bloom brightly, it can be sprayed on leaves with 0.5%- 1% dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times during flowering. After the peony flower withers, it should be pruned once, and the residual flowers and pedicels should be cut off in time to prevent fruiting, and the 1-2 lateral buds in the stem should be reserved to make the plant grow vigorously and ensure the next year's flowering. Peony is cold-resistant, but in cold areas such as North China and around beginning of winter, it should be moved indoors and placed in the sunny place indoors, and the room temperature can be kept at about 0 degrees. It is not advisable to leave the house early in the following year, and it is necessary to leave the house before and after Qingming. In the not-too-cold area, the flowerpot can be buried in the soil in the hidden wind, so that the surface of the flowerpot is flush with the ground, thus maintaining the humidity and temperature of the flowerpot soil and ensuring the peony to survive the winter safely. After the peony blooms in the next spring, the peony is dug out of the ground with a flowerpot for normal management.