Scientific name: osmanthus fragrans

English name: osmanthus fragrans

Alias: osmanthus fragrans, osmanthus fragrans, Jingui,

Osmanthus fragrans and murraya paniculata

Family name: Oleaceae

Morphological characteristics:

Evergreen tree When cultivated in the south, the tree height can reach more than 10M; Potted plants are mostly used in the north, and the long-term cultivation height can reach 1.5m-2m. Cold-resistant varieties planted in the leeward and sunny places in the open field are also seen in the north. The bark is smooth and gray. The single leaf is opposite, the leather is bright, the leaf shape and leaf margin vary with varieties, the leaf shape is elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, and the leaf margin is whole or serrated. Flowers are axillary cymes, small and fragrant, and their colors vary with varieties. There are osmanthus fragrans with strong growth potential, thick branches, large leaf shape, rough leaves, dark green leaves and orange red leaves; There are silvery laurel trees with medium growth, smooth leaves, serrated leaves, milky white flowers and dense and sweet flowers; Strong growth potential, smooth leaf surface, sparse serrated or entire leaf margin, light yellow flowers and sparse fragrance, which can bloom with the above varieties from September to autumn 10, or once every 2-3 months.

Narcissus-Ling Boxian

Scientific name: narcissus tazetavar. Chinese

English name: Chinese Narsissus

Alias: narcissus, elegant garlic, golden lamp and silver platform, Chinese narcissus, garlic.

Family name: Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus, alias Tiancong, Yayuan, Jinzhan Yintai and Yulinglong. It belongs to Amaryllidaceae, a perennial bulbous grass flower. Height is 20-30 cm. Leaves are basal, linear and peaceful. Scapes are pulled out between leaves, and there are 3-8 flowers at the top, which are umbels. There is a yellow cup-shaped corolla at the mouth of the corolla, which is known as the "golden cup and silver platform". Flowering1-February. The back of pumpkin cells cracked.

Narcissus is a bulb flower planted in autumn. It blooms in early spring and stores nutrients. It sleeps in summer and likes warm and humid climate. Narcissus is the most important winter flower to decorate New Year's Day and Spring Festival. Its green leaves are like ribbons, flowers are like cups, and the fragrance is refreshing. Often cultivated with clear water, it is called "Ling Boxian".

Narcissus originated in China and distributed in warm and humid areas along the southeast coast. The daffodils in Chongming County, Shanghai and Zhangzhou, Fujian are the most famous. Narcissus bulb juice is poisonous and contains lacodine, which is used as an analgesic in surgery. Bulbs can be mashed to treat carbuncle. Flowers are used as incense, applied to the body for haircut, in addition to ethos, to treat women's five internal organs and heart heat.

Camellia-a treasure in flowers

Scientific name: camellia japonica

English name: common camellia

Alias: Datura stramonium, Yuchun, Toona sinensis, Naidong, Camellia japonica, Late Camellia japonica, Camellia japonica and foreign tea.

Name: Tea Tree

Morphological characteristics:

Evergreen trees or shrubs, the plant height can reach 15M. The trunk is grayish brown. Leaves alternate, oval to oval, serrated, leathery and shiny.

Today, there are more than 5,000 varieties of camellia in the world, and there are more than 300 varieties in China.

Common varieties are: Bright Leaf Jinxin, Helan Powder, Komatsu, Golden Litchi, Impatiens, Hibiscus, etc.

Lotus-Fairy in Flowers

Scientific name: lotus

English name: hindulouth

Alias: lotus, lotus, water,

Water hibiscus and lotus

Family name: Nymphaeaceae

Lotus, also known as lotus, water lotus, hibiscus, Yuhuan, etc. Belonging to perennial aquatic herbaceous flowers of Nymphaeaceae. Underground stems are long and thick, with long nodes and round leaves. Flowering from June to September, it is solitary at the top of the pedicel. There are many petals embedded in the receptacle hole, which are red, pink, white, purple and other colors, or have colorful words and borders. Nuts are oval and seeds are oval. There are many kinds of lotus flowers, which are divided into ornamental and edible categories.

Originated in tropical and temperate Asia, China has a long history of cultivation, which was recorded as early as the Zhou Dynasty, with a warm and humid climate.

Lotus is a very important water greening plant in the garden because of its large leaves, beautiful flowers, overflowing fragrance and pollution-free sludge.

Lotus is precious, lotus root and lotus seed can be eaten; Lotus seeds, rhizomes, lotus nodes, lotus leaves, flowers and germ of seeds can all be used as medicine, which can treat many diseases.

Plum blossom-a gentleman in flowers

Scientific name: plum blossom

English name: Mumeplant Japanese apricot

Alias: Chun Mei, Mei and Mei Hua.

Family name: Rosaceae

Morphological characteristics: the plant height is about 10m, the trunk is brownish purple, and there are many longitudinal lines. Branchlets are green. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. 65438+ 0 ~ 2 flowers per node, sessile or short-stalked, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red and colored spots to yellowish colors, which bloom in early spring. Plum blossoms can be divided into departments, classes and types. Such as real plum, apricot, cherry plum, etc. Subtype classification

Origin and Habit: Plum blossom originated in China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum blossom. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, southern Jiangxi mountainous areas and Fujian and Taipei areas. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March.

Propagation and cultivation: grafting is commonly used in propagation, and the rootstocks are mostly plum, peach, apricot, apricot and apricot. Plum blossoms should be cultivated in the open space on sunny or semi-sunny slopes with a spacing of 3 ~ 5m. Usually in the growing period, that is, from autumn to early winter, fertilizer is applied three times, such as cake fertilizer compost, manure and so on. Apply quick-acting fertilizer before budding; After the new shoots stop growing (from the end of June to the beginning of July), appropriate water control and fertilization are applied to promote flower bud differentiation.

Plum blossoms are suitable for bonsai cultivation. Put the plants that have been cultivated in the ground for several years in a flowerpot. Pot soil should be soft, loose and fertile, and it should be trimmed before and after planting.

Common diseases include perforation, anthracnose, powdery mildew, dead branch gummosis, dry rot gummosis and so on.

Application: in gardens, green spaces, courtyards and scenic spots, it can be planted alone, in clusters, in groups, etc. It can also be planted naturally in front of houses, on slopes, between rocks and on roadsides. If evergreen trees or dark buildings are used as the background, the beauty of plum blossoms can be set off. Such as pine, bamboo and plum, with pine as the background, bamboo as the guest scene and plum as the main scene. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "plum blossoms around the house" and "going upstairs to see plum blossoms" were all for the best viewing effect. In addition, plum blossoms can be arranged into Meiling, Mei Feng, Meiyuan, Meixi, Meijing and Meiwu.

Chrysanthemum-one of the four gentlemen in flowers

Scientific name: chrysanthemum

English name: Florists Chrysanthemum.

Alias: Chrysanthemum, Autumn Chrysanthemum, Jiuhua, Yellow Flower, Queen Flower.

Family name: Compositae

Origin and Habit: There are more than 30 kinds of chrysanthemums, and 17 kinds are native to China, mainly including: wild chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, chamomile, chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum and so on. It is a perennial herb. I like cold, cold, growth temperature 18-2 1℃, underground roots are drought-tolerant, and waterlogging is the most taboo. I like loam with high terrain, deep soil layer, rich humus, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. It can grow in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil. And Ph6.2-6.7 is the best. As a short-day plant, it grows nutritionally under the long sunshine of 14.5 hours every day. Darkness above 12 hours per day and night temperature of 10℃ are suitable for flower bud development.

Morphological characteristics: plant height is 20-20-200cm, stem color is light green or brown, and the base is semi-lignified. Simple leaves alternate, elliptic to oblong. The edge is notched and serrated, and the tongue-shaped flower at the head end is female. Tubular flowers are bisexual. Tongue flowers are divided into four categories: lower, spoon tube and abnormal. Tubular flowers have developed into "rose petals" of various colors, including red, yellow, white, purple, green, pink, multicolor and intermediate colors.

Propagation and cultivation: it can be sown and propagated, and the optimum temperature for germination is 25℃. Sowing can be carried out in February-April, and flowering can be carried out in that year. Cutting propagation is the main method in production, which can also be divided into root cutting, twig cutting, single bud cutting and bud cutting. It can also be propagated through plant division and tissue culture.

Chrysanthemum plays an important role in the world cut flower production. Cut flowers should have neat patterns, flower diameter of 7- 12 cm, bright colors, no pests and diseases, dark green leaves, straight stems, height above 80cm and long water retention period. Cut chrysanthemum can be planted underground, with the plant spacing of 12- 13 cm and the row spacing of about 15cm. There are 50 plants per square meter, which need to be supported by nets to keep the plants upright.

Chrysanthemum can promote and inhibit cultivation. In the season with long sunshine time, from 17 to 9: 00 the next morning, the daily sunshine time is 10 hour. When the bud becomes colored, it will stop shading and bloom early. In the season of short sunshine, the daily dosage is less than 14 hour, which can control the flower bud differentiation and delay the flower supply time. Common diseases include brown spot, black spot, powdery mildew, brown rust, black rust, root rot and so on. The main pests are aphids, red spiders, inchworm, chrysanthemum tiger, grubs, liriomyza sativae larvae, locusts and snails, cutworms, chrysanthemum borers, green blind stinkbug and so on.

Usage: Camellia is one of the important flowers in garden application, which is widely used in flower beds, ground covers, potted flowers and cut flowers.

Orchids-the best fragrance in the world

Scientific name: orchid.

British name: Orchid

Alias: bluegrass

Branch name: Ranko

Morphological characteristics: perennial herbs. The root is fleshy and hairy, with * * * bacteria. With pseudobulb, your reed head is covered with leaf sheaths, and many pseudobulb are often connected and exist in rows at the same time. Leaves are linear or sword-shaped, leathery, erect or drooping, flowers are solitary or in racemes, and many bracts are attached to pedicels. Flowers are bisexual and fragrant. Corolla consists of 3 sepals, 3 petals and pistil. 1 The middle sepal is called the main petal. The next two pieces are attached valves, and the extension of the attached valves is called home. The upper two petals are upright, fleshy and curled inward at the top, commonly known as hugs. The lower part 1 is a big lip, commonly known as Sun Lan. When mature, it is brown, and the seeds are fine and powdery.

Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum can be divided into plum petals, daffodil petals, lotus petals, butterfly petals, exotic flowers and herbs and vegetarian hearts according to their different shapes and textures. The sepals of plum blossom petals are short and round, with thick pulp, slightly bent inward, narrow base, fleshy and plump petals, short and hard lips and slightly upward flowers. The famous varieties are Song Mei, XiShen and America. Narcissus petals are sepals slightly longer than plum petals, with tapered tips, thick petals, pocket-shaped tips and slightly drooping lips or rolled back. Famous species include Wang Zi and Cui Yipin. Tea petals are wide sepals, thick, narrow at the base and wide and sharp at the top. Put the petals in your pocket and your lips are moist and slightly curly. Famous varieties include Dafugui and Cuigaihua. Butterfly petals are the inside of two downward sepals, which become thick and wavy with red patches. Sometimes, the number of whole sepals or petals suddenly increases (such as Lv Yun, the corolla is usually around 8), or the flower shape has special changes. Su Xin is the same color as perianth, stem and bud, pure green, yellow-green and so on. , no mottled green, yellow-green and so on. No mottled markings. Precious varieties are Zhang and Lao Wentuan Su.

Blue prefers shade, avoids direct sunlight, prefers wetness and dryness, and prefers fertile sandy loam with rich humus, good drainage and slight acidity, which is suitable for air circulation.

There are more than 35,000 species in 750 genera of Orchidaceae, and more than 70 species of Orchidaceae. Common cultivated varieties in China are:

Chunlan: also known as grass orchid, mountain orchid and fragrant flower. One stem 1 -2 flowers, fragrant. The flowering period is February-March. Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin and southwest China. Traditional rare species include Song Mei and Longzi. This variety is arbor with thin leaves, dark green flowers and no fragrance or light fragrance.

C. Faberi: Also known as Jiu Zilan and Xia Lan. One stem has many flowers, often 6-12, fragrant. Flowering from March to May. The distribution area is similar to Chunlan. Traditional famous varieties include Shanghai Mei, Xie Peimei and Jin.

The variety C. faberivar.sechuanium, commonly known as Chrysanthemum morifolium, often has two rows of leaves, and the flowering period is from July to September. Mainly distributed in Fujian and Guangdong. The varieties of flag leaves are precious golden horsetail, Chen Yu Dagong, Longyan, Dafeng tail, Guanyin and Changting.

Rhododendron —— Beauty in Flowers

Scientific name: Rhododendron

British name: Indian azalea

Alias: Yingshanhong, Shan Shiliu, Mountain Wandering, Red Wandering.

Family name: Ericaceae

Origin and Habit: There are about 900 species of rhododendron, about 850 species in Asia, including about 530 species in China, which are distributed in all communities except Xinjiang. There are about 280 species in New Guinea and Malaysia, almost all of which are epiphytes. In addition, there are 24 species in North America, 9 species in Europe and 1 species in Oceania. There are many kinds of rhododendrons, which vary greatly, including evergreen trees, small trees, evergreen shrubs and deciduous shrubs. Habits are also very different, but most species are produced in high altitude areas, preferring cool and humid climate and avoiding extreme heat and dryness. The soil is required to be rich in humus, loose and moist, and the ph value is between 5.5 and 6.5. Some species and horticultural varieties have strong adaptability, drought tolerance and barren tolerance, and can grow in the soil ph value of 7-8. Rhododendron has certain requirements for light, but it is not resistant to exposure. In summer and autumn, there should be trees or shade sheds to keep out the scorching sun. Generally, bamboo shoots are picked in spring and autumn, mainly bamboo shoots. The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃. When the temperature is higher than 30℃ or lower than 5℃, the growth tends to stagnate. There is a short dormant period in winter.

Morphological characteristics: There are many kinds of rhododendrons with different shapes. From big trees (more than 20m in height) to small shrubs (only 10cm-20cm in height), the trunk is erect or creeping, and the branches alternate or alternate.

The varieties often cultivated in China are: Mao Juan, Xia Juan, Xijuan, Wild Tobacco, Rhododendron rubrum, Mayflower and Rhododendron yunyin.

Key points of propagation: sowing, cutting, grafting and layering can be used for propagation.

Uses: Rhododendron is an excellent bonsai material with lush leaves, beautiful and colorful flowers, strong germination, pruning resistance and strange roots. Gardens are most suitable for planting in clusters near forest edges, streams, Chi Pan and rocks, or scattered under sparse forests. Rhododendron is also a good material for hedges, and Mao Juan can also be pruned and cultivated into various forms. Rhododendron Garden has its own characteristics. Rhododendron can be used as medicine, and some can be eaten.

Rose-queen of flowers

Scientific name: China Rose.

English name: Rose

Alias: Catharanthus roseus, Moon Red, Thin Guest

Family name: Rosaceae

The characteristics of branches of deciduous shrubs vary from species to species. There is an upright vertical type as high as100 cm-150 cm; Expansion type with branches growing outward, with a height of 60 cm-100 cm; Some are short or creeping, and the height is less than 30cm. Others are climbing, and the branches are attached to other things in the form of vines and grow upwards. Except for a few varieties, the branches of Chinese rose generally have thorns, and the size and shape of thorns vary from variety to variety. Leaves alternate, consisting of 3 -7 leaflets, odd pinnate compound leaves, oval or oblong, serrated, smooth and shiny, or rough and dull. Flowers are solitary or clustered at the top of branches, and the number of flowers and petals varies greatly among different varieties, with rich colors, and some varieties have light or strong fragrance.

According to the color: white, green, yellow, pink, red, purple and other colors, as well as a variety of colors or stripes and spots.

According to the flower pattern, there are large-flowered varieties with flower diameters larger than 10cm, medium-flowered varieties with flower diameters smaller than 10cm and larger than 5cm, and small-flowered varieties and miniature varieties with flower diameters smaller than 5cm.

According to plant morphology, there are tall and straight plants and climbing roses with soft and long branches that grow on other things.

According to the flowering situation: cultivate healthy flower varieties that bloom continuously in the open field from May to 65438+ 10 and bloom in the greenhouse all year round; There are two kinds that only bloom in spring and autumn; In another season, flowers only bloom once in spring.

According to the origin of variety development, it can be divided into two categories: old-fashioned roses and modern roses.

Peony-the king of flowers

Scientific name: peony

English name: Peony

Alias: Lujiu, Peony, Kao, Luoyang Wang, Fuguihua.

Family name: Paeoniaceae

Origin and Habit: China, deciduous subshrub. Love cool and hate hot, suitable for dry and wet. I can tolerate the low temperature of -30℃ and grow normally in areas with an annual average relative humidity of about 45%. Like light, but also a little tolerant of shade. Loose, fertile and well-drained neutral loam or sandy loam is required, and it is forbidden to stick heavy soil or plant at low temperature. The flowering period is April-May.

Morphological characteristics: fleshy root system is developed, with few branches and fibrous roots. Plant height 1-3m, the old stems are grayish brown and the branches are yellowish brown. Bipinnate compound leaves, alternate. Flowers are solitary at the top of stem, with flower diameter 10-30cm. The colors are white, yellow, pink, red, purple and multicolor, and there are single flowers, compound flowers, double flowers and cabinet flowers.

There are many ways to divide the tip of peony, which can be divided into upright type, spreading type and semi-open type according to plant type. According to the bud type, it can be divided into round bud type, narrow bud type, olecranon type and exposed mouth type; According to the branching habit, it can be divided into single branch type and cluster branch type; According to the color, it can be divided into white, * * *, pink, red, purple, blue, black and many colors (actually there is no pure blue and black); According to the flowering period, it can be divided into early flower type, middle flower type, late flower type and autumn and winter type (some varieties have the habit of secondary flowering, which can naturally reopen after flowering in spring and autumn and winter, which is called autumn and winter type); According to the pattern, it can be divided into four levels: department, class and group. The four rows are peony, purple peony, yellow peony and purple peony; Two kinds, namely single flower and tiger flower; The two groups are Melaleuca and Louzi; The following groups are divided into several types according to the shape of flowers, such as single petal type, lotus type, laurel type and crown type.

Propagation and cultivation: propagation by branching and grafting, as well as sowing and cutting. The suitable period of transplantation is from late September of 10 to early October of 10, neither too early nor too late. If you like fertilizer, you should fertilize it at least three times a year, namely "flower fertilizer", "bud fertilizer" and "winter fertilizer". Pruning should be carried out after 2-3 years of cultivation. For varieties with vigorous growth and strong branching ability, it is only necessary to cut off the weak branches, keep all the strong branches, and remove the new buds at the base in time to maintain a beautiful plant shape. Bud removal is also an extremely important job. In order to make plants produce bright flowers and keep plants strong, the number of flowers should be controlled according to the age of trees. In the early stage of budding, a certain number of fully developed flower buds should be selected, and excessive flower buds and weak buds should be removed as soon as possible. Generally, 5-6 year-old plants keep 3-5 flower buds. For newly planted plants, all buds should be removed in the spring of the following year to prevent flowering, so as to concentrate nutrition and promote plant development.

Common diseases are brown spot, red spot and rust. Common pests are nematodes, grubs and cutworms.

Application: the ornamental parts of peony are mainly flowers, which are elegant and magnificent, and are known as "national beauty and fragrance" and "king of flowers" Special parks can be established in parks and scenic spots; Planting flower stands in classical gardens and residential courtyards; Natural solitary planting, clumping planting or replanting in garden green space. It is also suitable for arranging flower borders, flower beds, flower belts and potted plants, and the application is more flexible. By delaying flowering, flowers can bloom all year round. The root bark is used as medicine, and the petals can make wine.