2. Variety selection. The selection of varieties should be based on local excellent varieties, such as Paoche No.2, Chen Guo 1, etc., and Shi Feng, Jinfeng, Haifeng, Qingmaoruanci, Chushuhong and other varieties should be introduced appropriately. According to different edible requirements, fried chestnut varieties should be given priority to, and excellent chestnut varieties should be developed appropriately, taking into account foreign trade export and domestic market demand. At the same time, early, middle and late varieties should be reasonably matched.
3. Rational allocation of pollination trees. Chestnut mainly spreads pollen by wind. However, due to cross-pollination and self-pollination of chestnut, a single variety often produces empty bracts due to poor pollination. Therefore, new chestnut orchards must be equipped with 10% pollination trees. Practice has proved that it is better to use Chushuhong as pollination tree in Xinyang City.
4. Reasonable close planting. Reasonable close planting is the basic measure to improve the yield per unit area. It is advisable to use 30-40 plants per mu in plain chestnut orchards and 40-60 plants per mu in mountain chestnut orchards. It is planned to plant 60-11plant per mu in close planting chestnut orchard, and then gradually carry out alternate thinning.
5. Rational fertilization. Rational fertilization is an important basis for high yield of chestnut orchard. The base fertilizer should be mainly soil mixed fertilizer, so as to improve the soil, improve the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, and provide more comprehensive nutrient elements. The best application time is autumn after fruit picking, during which the temperature is high and the fertilizer is easy to decompose; At the same time, it is in the new root stage, which is beneficial to absorption, thus promoting the accumulation of nutrients in the tree and playing a good role in the differentiation of female flowers in the coming year.
6. Irrigation. Chestnuts like water. Generally, watering once before germination and once during the rapid growth period of fruit is beneficial to the normal growth and development of fruit trees and the improvement of fruit quality.
7, plastic trimming. Pruning of chestnut trees can be divided into winter pruning and summer pruning. Winter pruning from defoliation to germination in the following spring can promote the growth of millet trees and the formation of female flowers. The main methods are cutting short, thinning branches, retracting, slow releasing, pulling branches and carving.
Distribution: Castanea americana was once the main tree species in the eastern United States, but it was almost extinct because it was infected with a fungal disease. Castanea species in Europe and West Asia are also susceptible to infection. However, chestnut varieties from China and Japan are resistant to this fungus, so they were introduced to the United States to cultivate hybrid trees with antifungal properties.
Chestnut is especially famous in Luotian County, Hubei Province and Yantianhe Town, Macheng City, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, so it is said that "Luotian chestnut is the best in the world". At the same time, Yantianhe Town of Macheng enjoys the reputation of "the first hometown of chestnut in China" and is one of the "Chutian Star Towns" in Hubei Province. In addition, Shangcheng County, Xinyang City, luoshan county and other places in Henan Province are also rich in chestnuts, which are big and sweet.
References:
Cultivation Techniques of Chestnut-Baidu Encyclopedia