Action:
1. Effect on digestive system.
1.1. Effect on experimental gastric ulcer: The water extracts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 5 and 1g/kg have significant anti-stress ulcer formation in mice, while the ether extract has only inhibitory tendency. The water extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 1g/kg significantly inhibited the formation of ulcer in mice induced by indomethacin and ethanol, but the inhibition rate (22%) was not high. 3. ml/kg of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ether extract significantly inhibited the formation of hydrochloric acid ulcer in rats (P < .1). The water extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 5 g/kg can obviously inhibit the formation of pyloric ulcer in rats.
1.2. Effects on serum GPT and GOT in rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. The water extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (5.g/kg) can antagonize the effect of carbon tetrachloride on increasing GPT (P < .5 =, and it is dose-dependent, but it has no antagonistic effect on the increase of GOT.
1.3. Effect on drug-induced diarrhea in mice: 3. and 6. ml/kg of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ether extracts can prevent diarrhea in mice caused by castor oil, and the effect is not only rapid, but also lasting. Among them, the 3. ml/kg group can also delay the onset of diarrhea for 2 hours (the incidence of 1.2 hours in the control group is 5/12 and 11/12, and that in the 3. ml/kg group is /12 and 5/12, respectively, P values are both < .5). The water extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 5 or 1g/kg has the anti-diarrhea effect caused by senna in mice, which is slow but lasting (P < .5). 4. Effect of Chinese ink on gastrointestinal propulsive movement in mice. Oral administration of water extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 1g/kg can obviously inhibit gastrointestinal propulsive movement in mice, P < .5.
2. Effect on experimental thrombosis and coagulation system: Experimental thrombosis in vivo was induced by electrical stimulation of arterial wall in rats, and its effect on coagulation function was measured simultaneously. The experimental results showed that the dosage of water extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and ether extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was 1-2g/kg and .3ml/kg, respectively, which had obvious inhibitory effects on thrombosis in rats (P < .1 and P < .1 =), and could obviously prolong the time of experimental thrombosis, suggesting that it could prevent thrombosis. The water extract and ether extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum at the dosage of 1g/kg and .15-.3ml/kg have certain anticoagulant effect, and the anticoagulant effect of water extract is stronger than that of ether extract. The antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum may be related to the anticoagulant components of platelet functional vascular endothelial cells, because the aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has obvious inhibitory effects on ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, with the inhibitory rates of 5.4% and 88.3% respectively. The bergamot lactone contained in this product has certain anticoagulant and hemostatic effects against heparin.
3. Analgesic effect: 5-1g/kg of water extract and 3.-6.ml/kg of ether extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum have obvious inhibitory effects on writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice, with water extract all being less than .5, ether extract 3.ml/kg (P < .5) and ether extract 6.ml/kg (P < .5).
4. bacteriostasis: eleven kinds of dermatophytes and four kinds of deep fungi in the volatile oil of this product have certain inhibitory and killing effects, among which Microsporum woollen and Trichophyton rubrum are the most sensitive, with MIC lower than .1 HL/ml and MFC .1 HL/ml. It was confirmed that laurocapram and dimethyl sulfoxide could promote the volatile oil to enter fungal cells and accelerate cell death.
5. Insect repellent effect: The volatile oil contained in Zanthoxylum bungeanum can seriously poison Ascaris suis in the heat-preserved Ren's solution.
6. other effects: the artemisinine contained in this product has ephedrine-like effect, but its intensity is weak, which can increase blood pressure of anesthetized cats, enhance the contraction of instantaneous membrane, strengthen the effect of adrenaline on blood pressure and uterus, strengthen the contraction of uterus in situ in cats or rabbits, inhibit the contraction of small intestine and dilate coronary vessels, improve the tension of striated muscles and enhance the excitability of spinal cord reflex. It has strong antibacterial effect.
source
from "Daily Materia Medica".
1. "Zi Ji Ran": Sichuan pepper, out of the military capital, red is good. Qin pepper, out of Tianshui in Longxi, fine is good.
2. Tao Hongjing: Qin pepper has come from the west today, and it looks like a big pepper. It is yellow and black in color, and it tastes quite peppery, or it is called big pepper. Shu pepper, which comes from the northern part of Shu County, is planted by others, with thick skin, white belly and strong smell. Any pepper used is boiled slightly by fire, which makes sweat come out. It is called sweat pepper, which makes it powerful. Pepper eyes are cold and beneficial to water. Don't use medicine, and don't mix them.
3. "Medicine Pair": Sichuan pepper tastes good with salt. Mercury is acceptable. Those who are poisoned by it will be dissolved by cold water and hemp pulp.
4. Tang Herbal Medicine
Pinyin name Huā Jiāo
English name Prickly Ash Peel, Peel of Peppertree Prickly Ash, Peel of Bunge Prickly Ash
Alias Qiang, Qin Jiao, Nan Jiao, Ba Jiao, He Yi, Lu.
source
the basic source of medicinal materials is the pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and green pepper of Rutaceae.
Latin plant and animal mineral name: 1. Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim. 2. Zanthoxylum schinifolium sieb. et zucc.
Harvesting and storage: cultivate for 2-3 years, and the fruit will mature in September-October. Choose sunny days, cut off the ear of the fruit, spread it out and dry it, and dry it after the fruit cracks and the peel is separated from the seed.
Original form
1. Deciduous shrub or small tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 3-7m high. Aroma. The stems usually have enlarged bark, and the annual branches are pubescent. Odd pinnate compound leaves alternate; There are narrow wings on both sides of the ventral surface of the leaf shaft, and small prickles bent upward are scattered on the back; There are often a pair of prickles with flat base and extra wide on both sides of petiole; Leaflets sessile; Leaf blade 5-11, oval or ovoid-oblong, l.5-7cm long and 1-3cm wide, with acute or short tapering at the apex, usually slightly concave, wedge-shaped at the base, with obtuse serrations or wavy serrations at the edge, large and transparent glandular points at the tooth joints, no prickles on the teeth, small prickles on the lower midvein, and two cases at the base are covered with a bunch of rusty brown villous paper. Thymus terminal, 2-6cm long, floral axis densely short-haired, with spreading flower branches; Bracts small, caducous; Flowers unisexual, tepals 4-8, one round, narrowly triangular or lanceolate, 1-2 mm long; Stamens of male flowers 4-8, usually 5-7; Female flower carpels 4-6, usually 3-4, without ovary stalk, style recurved, stigma capitate. Mature carpels are usually 2-3, follicles are spherical, red or purplish red, and dense with thick and protruding glandular spots. The seeds are ovoid, about 3.5mm in diameter and shiny. The flowering period is from April to June, and the fruiting period is from September to October.
2. The difference from the former species is that: the small leaves 15-21, opposite or nearly opposite, are asymmetrical oval to elliptic-lanceolate, 1-3.5cm long and .5-1 cm wide; The main pulse is depressed, and the pulse is not obvious. Corymbose panicle terminal; Perianth is obviously divided into calyx and petal, arranged in two rounds; There is no ovary stalk, and the surface of the fruit is grass green, yellow-green to dark green, with fine wrinkles on the surface, dark glandular spots, punctate depression, and a very short beak tip at the apex. Flowering from August to September; The fruiting period is October-November.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1. Like to be born in sunny, warm and fertile places, but also cultivated.
2. Born on the edge of forest, scrub or beside rocks on slope.
resource distribution: 1. It is distributed in central and southern China, southwest China, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Tibet and other places.
2. It is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi.
cultivation
biological characteristics like warm and humid climate. I like sunshine, but I can't stand cold. When the temperature is -18℃, the seedlings and branches will freeze, and the adult trees will freeze to death at -25℃. Drought-tolerant, shade-tolerant, water-resistant, and wind-resistant. It has strong adaptability to soil, and grows well in sandy loam or loam with deep soil layer and loose fertility, but grows best in alkaline soil with limestone development, so calcium is used for afforestation in mountainous areas.
The cultivation techniques are seed propagation, seedling raising and transplanting. Select the mother plants of excellent varieties to collect seeds. When the peel is purplish red and the seed coat is blue-black in early September, pick them in batches, dry them indoors in the shade, and when they crack by themselves, take the seeds, clean them up and store them in the shade for later use. In the autumn of the south, it is planted with the harvest; Sowing in March-April in northern spring. Seed treatment, because the seed coat is hard, oily and poor in water permeability, needs degreasing treatment. Generally, it is soaked in alkaline water solution (2kg of water and 25g of soda ash) for 2 days, with the degree of covering the seeds, scrubbed, removed the seed coat oil, and fished out for later use. You can also accelerate the germination of seeds before sowing. Seeds can be stacked in warm sand layers, turned once every 15d, and kept at a certain humidity. They should be placed in a warm place 15d before sowing, covered with plastic film and kept moist, and planted after the seeds germinate. Or soak the seeds for 2-3min, put them in warm water at 4-5℃ for 4-5d, put them in a warm place when the seed coat is partially cracked, cover them with wet cloth, and sow them when the seeds are white. In the nursery, furrow sowing is carried out according to the row spacing of 25-3cm. The seed dosage is 6-75kg per 1hm2. When the height of seedlings is 3-5cm after emergence, the seedlings should be fixed according to the plant spacing of 1-15cm. Topdressing 1-2 times during the seedling growth period, combined with loosening soil to weed. Transplant when the seedling height is lm. It can be planted in winter, early spring and rainy season, and the holes can be planted according to the row spacing of 2m×1.5m or 3m× l m..
Peanuts, beans, medicinal materials, green manure, etc. can be intercropped within 1-4 years of field management afforestation. Intertillage weeding for 2-3 times. Fertilize 1-2 times, apply urea or ammonium sulfate in June, and apply soil miscellaneous fertilizer, pig and sheep manure, etc. after fruit picking. Irrigation is needed through drought. Ditching and drainage should be carried out in rainy season. Plastic pruning, young trees should be shaped naturally and happily. First, cut off the branches whose trunk is more than 3-5cm above the ground, keep 3-5 backbone branches, cut them short, select the first round of branch measurement, and leave the second round of lateral branches in the second-third year to form a certain crown. It can also be formed into a cluster, triangle, round head, double-layer open heart and so on. Pruning of adult trees is mainly based on short cutting and thinning, cutting off branches of diseases and pests, overlapping branches, transverse branches and long branches, and adjusting and updating the bearing branches. Old trees should be kept small, weak and strong, and rejuvenated. Is Zanthoxylum bungeanum easy to sprout and sprout? , should be erased in time. In winter, water should be poured before freezing and smoke should be smoked to prevent frost.
Pests and diseases control pests include inchworm, aphid, yellow butterfly, pepper butterfly, golden flower worm, black velvet beetle, pepper beetle and so on.
characteristics
identification of characteristics (1) Zanthoxylum bungeanum consists of 1-2, and occasionally 3-4 spherical schizocarps, each with a diameter of 4.5-5mm, which split from the apex along the ventral suture or ventral dorsal suture, often in the form of two petals connected at the base. The top of the schizocarp has a fine beak, and most of the base has 1-2 granular undeveloped free carpels with a diameter of 1-2 mm. The outer surface is crimson, purplish red or brownish red, shriveled, and there are many punctate oil spots. Endocarp is smooth, light yellow and thin leathery, and it is partially separated from mesocarp and curled. The fruit stalk is about .8mm in diameter and is sparsely short-haired. The fruit is leathery, slightly tough, with special aroma and lasting spicy taste.
(2) The green pepper has 1-3 spherical mericarps. Each schizocarp is 3-4mm in diameter and has a short beak tip at the top. The outer surface is grass-green, yellow-green or brown-green, with reticulation and most concave oil spots. Endocarp grayish white. The fruit stalk is hairless. The skin of the fruit is crisp, fragrant, pungent and slightly sweet. It is better to have large grain, purple color and strong aroma.
Microscopic identification of root section of pericarp: (1) The epidermal cells of pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are in one row, with sparse cutin texture and pores on the flat peripheral wall; The epithelial cells are l-2 rows, which are large, and all cells contain brown lumps and granular pigments. The mesocarp is broad with 9-12 oval oil cells; The vascular bundle is tough, with 14-2 rings, and there are lignified thick-walled fiber groups outside it. The thin-walled cells contain more calcium oxalate clusters and a small amount of calcium oxalate cubes. Endocarp cells are mostly spindle-shaped, with a few kinds of figures, squares or stone cells. The upper and lower cells are often arranged in mosaic, and the inner epidermal cells are small in one row.
(2) The cuticle texture on the flat peripheral wall of pericarp cells of green pepper is irregularly arranged, and the cells are filled with hesperidin crystals; The cell wall of the lower epidermis is straight and slightly thickened; There are about 2 mesocarp oil chambers; There are about 1 vascular bundles with lignified thick-walled fiber groups outside them; Thin-walled cells contain many starch granules, and calcium oxalate crystals are rare.
chemical constituents
1. The main components of the volatile oil in Zanthoxylum bungeanum peel are limonene, which accounts for 25.1% of the total oil, 1,8-cineole, 21.79%, myrcene, 11.99%, and also contains a- and β-. β-phellandrene, β-ocimene -X(β-oximene-X), P-cymene, a- terpinene, perillene, l8inalool (L8INA). A- terpineol, trans-caryophllene, terpinyl acetate, humulene, neryl acetate, β-cadinene. The pericarp also contains kokusaginine, skimmianine, haplopine, 2'- hydroxy -N- isobutyl [2E, 6E, 8E, 1E]- dodecytetradecenamide [2'-hydroxyl-n-isobutyl-[2e, 6E]. Schinifoline is N- methyl -2- heptyl -4- guinoli-none, herniarin and n-nonacosane. The most volatile oil in Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruit is 4- terpineol, accounting for 13.46%, and piperitone accounts for 1.64%, linalool accounts for 9.1%, cedrene accounts for 9.7%, limonene accounts for 7.3%, and o-cymene accounts for 7.%. In the volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, linalool accounts for 18.5%, followed by myrcene accounts for 1.2% and tert-butylbenzene accounts for 11.8%, as well as cedrene, a- pinene, limonene and 1,3,3-trimethyl -2- oxanes.