Plum blossoms are native to the south of the Yangtze River. They like warm climate and have certain cold tolerance. Flowering period is very sensitive to climate change. When the temperature is below 0℃ in early spring, they can still bloom. Plum blossoms like high air humidity, but avoid heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can also grow well in areas with annual rainfall 1000mm or a little more, which are not strict with soil and are relatively barren. It can also grow normally in weak alkaline soil. According to the experience in the south of the Yangtze River, when planted in gravelly clay and gravelly loam, plum blossoms flourish, flowers are strong and leafy. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. How to prune and maintain potted red plum?
First, the propagation method of plum blossom: the propagation of plum blossom usually adopts sowing, cutting, grafting, layering and other methods, mainly grafting.
1. Grafting propagation: Prunus mume, Prunus mume, Prunus mume, Prunus mume, Prunus mume, Prunus mume, Prunus mume, Prunus mume and Prunus mume can be used as grafting methods, such as cutting, splitting, tongue grafting, skin grafting, butt joint, square bud grafting, sleeve bud grafting and T-bud grafting.
2. Cutting propagation: after defoliation in autumn, hard branch cutting is carried out, the annual lignified branches are cut into 8- 10 cm long and inserted into the prepared seedbed, and the cutting depth is two-thirds of the cutting length. Spraying water after transplanting, strengthening maintenance, keeping the seedbed moist, the survival rate is very high. In order to accelerate the rooting of plum cuttings and increase the number of rooting, plant growth hormone can be used to treat plum cuttings, which has obvious rooting effect. Commonly used growth hormones, such as indolebutyric acid, indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D, rooting powder, etc. , have a good role in promoting the rooting of plum blossoms. For example, old branches were treated with 50- 100 ppm indolebutyric acid, and young branches were treated with 5-225 ppm indolebutyric acid as green branches. Old branches and young branches, tie the branches into bundles and soak them in medicinal liquid 12-24 hours. Dipping 1000ppm of 2,4-d powder into the cut of cuttings also has a significant effect on promoting rooting. However, 0. 1-0.5% potassium permanganate soaking branches 10-24 hours can also disinfect and take root.
3. layering propagation: layering propagation of plum can be divided into low-pressure propagation and high-pressure propagation, and layering propagation is carried out in May-June or the middle and late June of 10. Low-pressure propagation is to select branches close to the ground, select 2-3-year-old stout branches with a length of 25-30 cm, adopt low-pressure propagation, girdle a 65,438+0 cm incision with a knife (the incision position is better when the branches are pressed into the soil), bury the incision part in the soil and fix it, and press it with stones to make the branches upward and prevent the branches from swinging. During the planting season, open the soil and observe. As long as you take good care of it, you can take root in about 20 days, and you can cut it from the mother plant and plant it alone after 2 months.
Plum blossoms are shrubs with few branches near the ground. In addition to making full use of the low pressure of branches near the ground, high pressure propagation is usually used. The method is to select 2-4-year-old branches with vigorous growth on the crown, peel off half to two-thirds of the cortex at a distance of 20-30 cm from the base branch by girdling, and then mix some high-quality compound fertilizer and other surface fertilizers with fertilizer, wrap them around the wound in a ball shape, and wrap them with plastic film to keep them moist. High-pressure time is usually carried out in February-March in early spring. From August to September, after the white roots can be seen growing through the plastic film, the wood strips will be sawed off 3-5 cm below the wood strip ball, and the removed wood strips must be nailed in immediately.
4. Seed propagation: The method of seed propagation is not commonly used, because the growth rate of seedlings is slow and the flowering is very late. Plum blossoms can be sown in spring and autumn. Generally, plum fruit ripens in June-July. After the fruit changes color, it needs to be harvested in time, and its seeds should be harvested, then washed and dried. If you choose to sow in spring, you should dry the collected seeds first and then save them with wet sand, and then take them out for early sowing in early spring. If you sow in autumn, harvest its seeds in June and July in summer, then wash and dry them. Sow seeds in the soil in autumn, and then cover the seeds with very fine soil so that they can germinate and emerge in the next spring. When the seedlings grow to about 10- 15 cm, they can be transplanted.
Second, the preparation of potted soil for red plum: potted plants are generally used to grow red plum at home. It is very important to prepare soil for potted plants. The flowerpot is a special small environment, and no matter what kind of soil is used alone, it can't meet the needs of red plum in all aspects of soil. Therefore, potted red berries must be artificially prepared instead of soil to fix the flowers in the flowerpot, and they must have certain water retention and drainage, and be loose and fertile. Before use, it is best to sterilize the prepared culture soil at high temperature (stir-fry in an iron pan or steam) or expose it to the sun for sterilization.
3. Potting: First, spread broken tiles on the bottom of the flowerpot, then put some basic fertilizers such as rotten cake fertilizer, broken bones, fish bones, chicken feathers, etc., and then fill in the culture soil, each cluster must have 2-3 plants, and keep the root system; When planting, the long lateral roots, injured roots and redundant fibrous roots are cut off, slightly trimmed, and the upper branches are trimmed and shaped at one time. Pay attention to the stretching of the root system during cultivation, fill the soil to half of the flowerpot, gently lift and shake the red plum plants, and compact the cultivated soil. Don't plant it too deep, just keep the root and the mouth of the flowerpot flat. Shallow influence on survival, deep influence on the growth of red plum after transplantation, watering once after planting. Newly planted plants should avoid being exposed to strong light for a long time, because their roots are not well developed. After the pot is put on, water should be poured twice continuously. After cultivation, it should be cultivated in a cool environment for about a week, and after the root system is restored, it should be moved to the sunny place for maintenance.
4. Pruning: Red plums have strong germination ability and are easy to sprout long branches. Usually, we should pay attention to shaping and pruning, promote the germination of lateral branches, maintain a good tree shape and promote the formation of flower buds. Pruning is usually carried out after flowering, and the flower buds of red plum are formed on the new branches of that year. In order to increase flowers, pruning can be used to make more branches. Pruning potted red plum is more important than planting on the ground, and thinning should be paid equal attention to. Prune the flowering main branches and side branches properly, and then leave side branches on the main branches with 2-3 buds and cut them short. Can be combined with changing pots for re-cutting, cutting off most branches and cutting off some diseased branches and weak branches at the same time; Replanting, ridging and watering.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) daily management
1. Watering management: Hongmei is afraid of waterlogging. Too much water will damage the roots, cause deciduous leaves, and affect bud pregnancy and flowering. Watering should follow the principle of alternating dry and wet according to the season. Water more in dry and hot season, and control water in cold and rainy days. Water is usually poured once every afternoon in summer. In rainy days, the flowerpot should be put down, and the accumulated water in the pot should be removed in time. Water should be reduced after autumn and during flowering and leaf exhibition.
2. Fertilization management: In addition to applying base fertilizer and changing pots in spring, red plum is generally applied with decomposed liquid fertilizer every two weeks in summer to promote vigorous plant growth and dark green leaves. In autumn, nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped and a small amount of available phosphorus fertilizer should be added to control plant growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
3. Sparse buds before flowering.
Change the pot once a year after flowering in spring.