Lycium barbarum is a commonly used Chinese medicine for nourishing liver and kidney, with bright red color and sweet taste. Modern medical research has confirmed that it contains betaine, polysaccharide, crude fat, crude protein, carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese, linoleic acid and other nutrients, and can promote hematopoietic function, resist aging, mutation, tumor, fatty liver and lower blood sugar. Traditional Chinese medicine often treats diseases such as liver and kidney yin deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, dizziness, forgetfulness, dizziness, red eyes and tears, thirst and nocturnal emission. Lycium barbarum plays a unique role in enhancing sexual function. A famous saying widely circulated in China, "You can take Wan Li Road, but don't eat Lycium barbarum", means that Lycium barbarum has a strong stimulating effect on sexual function and is not suitable for young men and women who are far away from home. However, it is very necessary to eat more Lycium barbarum or its products for men and women at home and people with weakened sexual function. For people with kidney deficiency, Lycium barbarum is undoubtedly the most popular delicious and panacea, and it is also a rare health nutrition. When the great poet Lu You was old, his eyes were dim and his vision was blurred. He often ate Lycium barbarum to cure diseases. So, he wrote the poem "Xue Ji Maotang bells are clear, and Chinese wolfberry is served in the morning". Lycium barbarum is the best choice for health preservation in ancient and modern times, and it has the function of prolonging life.

This product is a dried and mature fruit of Lycium barbarum L. in Solanaceae. Harvesting when the fruit is orange-red in summer and autumn, air-drying until the peel is wrinkled, then air-drying until the peel becomes hard and the pulp becomes soft, and removing the fruit stalks; Or dry with hot air at low temperature to remove fruit stalks.

Lycium barbarum root bark is also a medicinal material, called Lycium barbarum bark. See the entry of Lycium barbarum bark for details.

[Edit this paragraph] character

This product is spindle-shaped and slightly flat, with a length of 6 ~ 2 1 mm and a diameter of 3 ~10 mm. The surface is bright red or dark red, with small convex wavy style marks at the top and white fruit stalk marks at the base. The pericarp is flexible and shriveled; The pulp is fleshy, soft and sticky, with many seeds, kidney-shaped, flat and upturned, length 1.5 ~ 1.9 mm, width 1 ~ 1.7 mm, and light yellow or brownish yellow surface. Odorless, sweet and slightly sour.

[Edit this paragraph] Source

This product is a dried and mature fruit of Lycium barbarum L. in Solanaceae. Harvest the fruits when they are red in summer and autumn, dry them with hot air, and remove the fruit stalks. Or drying in the sun until the epidermis is wrinkled, drying in the sun, and removing fruit stalks.

[Edit this paragraph] Plant Morphology

① Lycium barbarum (Classic), also known as: Qi (The Book of Songs), Lycium barbarum (Biography), Lycium barbarum (Classic), goat's milk (Wupu Materia Medica), bitter Qi and ground muscle (Guangya), like firewood, pure Lu and fairy sticks.

Shrubbery, up to 1 m.

Branches are slender, young branches are angular, gray-skinned, hairless, usually with short spines, born in leaf axils and about 5 cm long.

Leaves alternate or clustered; Leaf blade is ovoid rhombic to ovoid-lanceolate, 2 ~ 6 cm long and 0.6 ~ 2.5 cm wide, with sharp or blunt tip, wedge-shaped base, entire margin and no hair on both sides.

Flowers axillary, usually solitary or clustered with several flowers: calyx bell-shaped, 3 ~ 4 mm long, apex 3 ~ 5-lobed; Corolla funnel-shaped, the lower part of the tube is obviously narrowed, and then gradually expands upward, about 5 mm long, with 5-lobed apex, long oval lobes, almost as long as the tube, purple, sparsely ciliated at the edge, and slightly hairy above the stamens of the tube; Stamens 5, inserted in corolla, anthers T-shaped, 2-loculed, filaments usually prominent; Pistil 1, ovary oblong, style thin, stigma capitate.

Berries are oval or oblong, 0.5 ~ 2 cm long, 4 ~ 8 mm in diameter and dark red or orange.

Most seeds are kidney-shaped, flat and brownish yellow.

The flowering period is from June to September.

Result period: July ~ 65438+ 10.

Growing on slopes, ridges or hills.

Distributed in most parts of the country.

② Lycium barbarum shrubs in Ningxia can be cultivated into small trees with a height of 2-3 meters.

There are several main branches, thick and slender fruit branches; The epidermis is grayish yellow, and the spiny branches are short and thin, born in the axils of leaves, and are 1 ~ 4 cm long.

Leaves alternate, or several pieces are clustered on short branches; Petiole short; Leaf blade narrowly oblanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or oval-oblong, 2-8 cm long and 0.5-3 cm wide, sharp, wedge-shaped or narrowly wedge-shaped at the base, petiole extending downward, all around, dark green at the top and light green at the bottom, glabrous.

Flowers axillary, usually 1 ~ 2 clusters, or 2 ~ 5 clusters on short branches; Calyx bell-shaped, 4 ~ 5 mm long, apex 2 ~ 3 parted; Corolla funnel-shaped, tube about 8 mm long, apex 5-lobed, lobes ovate, about 5 mm long; Pink or purplish red, with deep purple veins, with villi above the stamens in the catheter; Stamens 5; Pistil 1, ovary oblong, 2-loculed, style linear, stigma capitate.

Berries are ovoid, oval or broadly ovoid, 8 ~ 20mm long, 5 ~10mm in diameter, red or orange.

Seeds many, nearly round, flat.

Flowering period may ~ 65438+ 10.

Result period: June ~ 65438+ 10.

It grows on the banks and slopes of ditches or irrigation ridges and ditches.

Both wild and cultivated.

Distributed in Gansu, Ningxia (both food and traditional Chinese medicine), Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Tianjin (non-traditional Chinese medicine) and other places.

The root bark (Lycium barbarum bark) and tender stems and leaves (Lycium barbarum leaves) of the above plants are also used as medicine, each of which has its own articles in detail.

Usually, you can make tea and drink water with Lycium barbarum in prevent wrinkles. When boiling water, add a few medlars to boil and drink water together, and drink several times more, which can treat constipation.

[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation techniques

[1] 1. Sandy loam with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage is suitable for land preparation and seedling raising. Before seedling raising, apply sole fertilizer, turn over 25-30cm, make a border with the width of 1.0- 1.5m, and wait for sowing.

The planting site can be loam, sandy loam or alluvial soil, and there should be enough water for irrigation. The soil salt content is less than 0.290. Plow in autumn, after harrowing in the following spring, dig a pit at 170-230 cm with a diameter of 40-50 cm and a depth of 40 cm. Prepare base fertilizer and wait for planting.

2. Propagation techniques There are several methods for the propagation of Lycium barbarum, such as sowing, cutting and rameting. In production, sowing and seedling raising are the main methods.

(1) It is best to sow seeds in spring, and soak dried fruits in water 1-2 days before sowing. Grind off the peel and pulp, rinse the seeds with clear water, take them out and dry them a little, then mix them with 3 parts of fine sand, and accelerate germination indoors at 20℃. When 30% of the seeds are exposed, furrow the seeds with a row spacing of 30-438+0 cm. After germination, sprinkle the seeds with fine soil or fine sand, cover the soil with about 65,438+0 cm, slightly suppress them after sowing, and cover them with grass for moisture preservation. The sowing amount is 0.5 kg per mu.

(2) Before cutting seedlings in spring, select long branches of annual branches, cut them into cuttings with the length of 15-20cm, cut the upper end into a flat mouth and the lower end into an oblique mouth, and obliquely insert the seedbed according to the row spacing of 30cm× 15cm to keep the soil moist.

(3) Transplanting can be carried out in spring and autumn. From late March to early April in spring, and in the middle and late June in autumn 10, large pits were dug at a hole spacing of 230 cm, with 3 plants per hole and a plant spacing of 35 cm. You can also dig holes at the distance of 170 cm, and each pit species 1 plant. After planting, practical irrigation.

3. Tian Tuan management

(1) Tillage and intertillage weeding are generally done twice a year, with spring ploughing in late March to early April, shallow ploughing in 1 2-15cm, autumn ploughing in early and middle August, and deep ploughing in 20-25cm. Intertillage weeding: the first time was in early May, the second time was in mid-June, and the third time was in late July.

(2) Fertilizing winter fertilizer was mixed with sheep manure and cake fertilizer from 5438+1October to early June165438+1October. Generally, for young trees of 3-5 years old, each plant should be applied with miscellaneous fertilizer 10- 15 kg and cake fertilizer 2-2.5 kg. Results For adult Lycium barbarum, 35-40 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer and 3-5 kg of cake fertilizer were applied to each plant, and then watered after application. Topdressing during the growth period, the first time in early May, the second time in early June, and the third time from the end of June to the beginning of July, using available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

(3) Irrigate Lycium barbarum reasonably, but be afraid of water accumulation, depending on the growth and soil moisture. Generally, irrigation is conducted once every 1 week in the growth period and once every 1 time in the fruit maturity period. From early August to mid-June 165438+ 10, it is necessary to combine fertilization and irrigation for 3 times.

(4) shaping, pruning, shaping young trees, after transplanting, cutting off the top 50 cm from the ground and fixing the trunk. In the autumn of that year, choose 3-5 stout branches as the main branches and cut them to about 20 cm; Tree pruning can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn: pruning dead branches in spring, pruning clustered branches in summer, and pruning clustered branches and old, weak, diseased branches and stripes around the crown in autumn.

[Edit this paragraph] Sexual taste and meridian tropism

Gan, Ping. Enter the liver and kidney meridians.

[Edit this paragraph] Functions and instructions

Nourish liver and kidney and benefit eyes. It can be used for asthenia, deficiency of essence, soreness of waist and knees, dizziness and tinnitus, thirst quenching due to internal heat, blood deficiency and sallow, and blurred vision.

[Edit this paragraph] function

1. Effect on immune function: It can enhance nonspecific immunity. Mice fed with Lycium barbarum water extract or intramuscular alcohol extract and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide can improve the phagocytic function of macrophages, enhance the role of serum lysozyme, increase the titer of anti-sheep red blood cell antibody in serum and increase the number of anti-sheep red blood cell antibody-forming cells in mouse spleen.

2. Anti-aging effect: 0.5mg/kg Lycium barbarum extract can obviously inhibit LPo production in liver, and increase the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood after 20 days; Human experiments show that it can obviously inhibit the production of serum LPo and increase the activity of GSH-Px in blood, but the activity of SOD in red blood cells does not increase, suggesting that Lycium barbarum extract has the effect of delaying aging.

3. Anti-liver injury: betaine hydrochloride can significantly increase phospholipids in serum and liver of rats, and has obvious protective effect on phospholipid reduction and cholesterol increase caused by long-term use of carbon tetrachloride. The water-soluble extract has similar effect, but it is slightly weaker.

4. Lowering blood sugar: Lycium barbarum extract can significantly and permanently lower blood sugar in rats, increase glucose tolerance, and has less toxicity. In addition, this product also has anti-tumor and hematopoietic functions.

5. Kidney-tonifying function: Mao, Han, Han Jin, Li Meihua, Zhang Xiaoying and Yu Xiajun discussed the aging of renal mitochondria in aged rats and its drug protection: By observing the changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP synthesis and malondialdehyde level of lipid peroxide after the application of anti-aging drugs such as Lycium barbarum polysaccharide and vitamin E-C mixture, it was found that the changes of renal mitochondria structure and function in aged rats were accompanied by the increase of malondialdehyde, a free radical metabolite. ATP synthesis in renal mitochondria of aged rats was 65438 020.38 nm/mgpmin65438 06.72 nm/mgpmin, which was lower than that of young rats by 65438 08.75 nm/mgpmin. The MDA in renal tissue was 30.40 μ g/100 mg and 6.66 μ g/100 mg wet weight, which was 2.4 times that of the young group. Long-term administration of vitamin E-C mixture or Lycium barbarum polysaccharide can play an anti-free radical role to some extent, reduce the level of malondialdehyde in renal tissue, prevent mitochondrial aging and improve its function.

6. Liver-protecting effect: Bian Lun, Shen Xinsheng, Wang, zhangyan discussed in Morphological Study on the Repair Effect of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide on Liver Injury in Mice Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride: 48 male Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups, and the liver injury group (12 mice) was injected with carbon tetrachloride subcutaneously; Normal saline group (12 rats) with liver injury was given normal saline for 7 days except CCl4. The control group (12 rats) was injected with normal saline and tap water subcutaneously. Results Compared with the injured group and the injured saline group, the injured area of hepatic lobule decreased, the lipid droplets in hepatocytes decreased, the nuclei increased, the RNA and nucleoli increased, the glycogen increased, the activities of SDH and G-6 enzymes increased, the rough endoplasmic reticulum returned to bottle arrangement, and the morphological structure of mitochondria recovered and the number increased. It is suggested that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide can repair liver injury, and its mechanism may be to prevent endoplasmic reticulum injury, promote protein synthesis and detoxification, restore liver cell function and promote liver cell regeneration.

[Edit this paragraph] Dietotherapy value

Fruits of Lycium barbarum and Lycium barbarum in Solanaceae. Chinese wolfberry, also known as Chinese wolfberry. Lycium barbarum is distributed in most parts of China. Ningxia Lycium barbarum is distributed in Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and other places. Harvest in summer and autumn when the fruit is ripe. Wash or dry for later use.

[Attribute] Sweet in taste and flat in nature. It can nourish liver and kidney, benefit essence and blood, and improve eyesight.

[Reference] contains betaine, amino acids, carotene, vitamin B 1, B2, C, calcium, phosphorus and iron.

The extract can slightly inhibit the deposition of fat in liver cells and promote the regeneration of liver cells in mice with carbon tetrachloride liver injury. It can reduce cholesterol and slightly prevent the formation of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits.

【 Usage 】 It is used for treating liver and kidney deficiency, essence and blood deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, dizziness and tinnitus, and spermatorrhea and infertility. Kidney deficiency and essence deficiency, thirst and dry mouth, frequent urination and red tongue; Jingxue can't benefit the eyes, the eyes are dim, and the vision is reduced.

[Usage] Eat raw, decoct soup, boil ointment, soak in wine, or take pills.

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1, Qiyuan ointment: Lycium barbarum and longan are equally divided. Add water and decoct with low fire for many times until Lycium barbarum and longan are tasteless, remove residues and continue to decoct into paste. 65438+ 0~2 spoonfuls each time, taken with boiling water.

Originated from the secret anatomy of taking life. This prescription uses Lycium barbarum to tonify kidney and replenish essence and blood, and longan meat to nourish blood, soothe nerves and improve intelligence. Can be used for treating liver and kidney deficiency, blood deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, dizziness, tinnitus, palpitation and amnesia.

2. Qi Jing ointment: Lycium barbarum and Polygonatum sibiricum are equally divided. Adding water, decocting with low fire for several times, removing residues, concentrating, adding honey, mixing, boiling, and cooling. 65438+ 0~2 spoonfuls each time, taken with boiling water.

Originated from Eight Records of Zunsheng (Bao Zhen Dan Tian Er Jing Wan Fang). Lycium barbarum and Polygonatum sibiricum are commonly used drugs to prolong life and resist aging in ancient times. The combination of the two has good effects of nourishing liver and kidney and benefiting essence and blood. The original side said: "Constant service helps and strengthens the essence; Tonifying abdomen, promoting blood circulation, and beautifying face ... "Therefore, premature senility, deficiency of liver and kidney essence and blood, backache and tinnitus, dizziness, forgetfulness, and facial decay, etc. You can take it away.

3. Seven flavors of tea: Lycium barbarum and Schisandra chinensis are equally divided. Grind into coarse powder. 9~ 15g each time, brew tea with boiling water.

Originated from Eight Wonderful Recipes of Life. This prescription uses Lycium barbarum to replenish yin essence, and Schisandra chinensis to replenish qi, promote fluid production and astringe sweat. For people with deficiency of both qi and yin, they can't adapt to the hot summer climate, and often have symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, sore feet, upset spontaneous sweating, reduced diet and weak pulse.

[Edit this paragraph] storage method

Store in a cool and dry place to prevent sultry, moisture-proof and moth-proof.

[Edit this paragraph] logo

Take 0.5g of this product, add 35ml of water, boil it for 65438±05min, let it cool, filter it, extract the filtrate with 65438±05ml of ethyl acetate, and concentrate the extract to about 65438±0ml as the test solution. In addition, 0.5g of Lycium barbarum was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), 5μl of each of the above two solutions was absorbed and spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, with ethyl acetate-chloroform-formic acid (3:2: 1) as the developing agent, developed, taken out, dried and examined under an ultraviolet lamp (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.

Sweet and flat in nature. Enter the liver and kidney meridians.

The main function is to nourish the liver and kidney and benefit the eyes. It can be used for asthenia, deficiency of essence, soreness of waist and knees, dizziness and tinnitus, thirst quenching due to internal heat, blood deficiency and sallow, and blurred vision.

Usage and dosage: 6 ~ 12g.

Store in a cool and dry place to prevent sweltering heat, humidity and moths.

Excerpt from China Pharmacopoeia