The whole plant of Siji fruit is poisonous, and the leaves are more poisonous than the fruits. The symptoms of poisoning are dizziness, nausea, lethargy, severe abdominal pain and dilated pupils. But as long as you don't take a lot, you'll be fine just looking at it.
morphological character
Erect small shrub, with many branches and clumps, cultivated as 1-2 years old. Plant height is 30-60 cm. Leaves alternate, oblong to oblanceolate. Summer and autumn flowers, white and axillary.
Berry ripening: dark orange-red when ripe, spherical, with a diameter of 1- 1.5 cm. After flowering, the fruit will not fall for a long time, and it can stay on the branches until after the Spring Festival. There are cultivated dwarf species with short and branched plants. The seeds of berries are very small, much like the seeds of pepper. The shape of the fruit is a wide oval with a sharp front end.
Growth habit
Not cold-tolerant, like warm and humid, sunny environment, the soil requires loose and fertile, slightly acidic soil with good drainage, rich in phosphate fertilizer to make the fruit bear for a long time, and potted plants should be topped to promote more branches, flowers and fruits. Solanaceae Solanum plants are perennial woody, erect, with uncontrolled plants up to 40 cm, smooth and hairless, alternate leaves, rectangular; The flowers are white, and the fruits are red when they are ripe. They are spherical and have a diameter of more than 1 cm.
In the greenhouse in March in spring or the outdoor seedbed at 5438+00 in June in autumn, the wintering temperature in winter is about 5℃- 10℃.
Ornamental value
Most of them are used as ornamental plants and cultivated as bonsai in the south. Decoration application: small and medium-sized potted plants. Fruit ripening coincides with New Year's Day. During the Spring Festival, it can be placed on several shelves and windowsills in the hall to increase the festive atmosphere.
cultivation techniques
Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water for 6-8 hours, and cover the soil by about 0.4 cm. After the four leaves grow, they can be divided into seedlings with the height of 10- 12 cm, which can be used for transplanting or changing pots. Proper watering and fertilization during the growth period.
Soil, fertilizer and water management
soil management
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding.
Fertilizer and water management
(1) Fertilization principle: It is necessary to fully meet the demand of blood oranges for various nutrient elements, advocate more application of organic fertilizers, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided.
(2) Fertilization methods: mainly soil fertilization and foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted.
(3) Fertilization of young trees: apply less fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn when bamboo shoots emerge, (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February, and apply 0.4 kg ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 kg urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer.
(4) Moisture: Irrigation when soil is dry, and drainage when water accumulates.
Plastic trimming
1, principle
Adjust measures to local conditions, prune trees, properly raise and lower them, and ventilate and transmit light to achieve three-dimensional effect.
2, plastic surgery (natural happy shape)
The trunk is 20-40cm high, and the trunk branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are left on each main branch. Generally, after the third main branch is formed, the central trunk of this kind is cut off and twisted to one side to form a fruiting branch group.
prune
(1) Young trees: mainly light pruning. After selecting the extension branches of the class center and the main branches and the extension branches of the auxiliary main branches, moderate or even severe pruning is carried out, and the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted according to the pruning degree and the direction of cutting buds. In addition to properly thinning the over-dense branches, the inner branches and weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained.
(2) Initial fruiting stage: continue to select short cutting to treat the trunk extension branches at all levels, erase the summer shoots, and promote the autumn shoots to be robust. In autumn, measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are taken to promote the flowering of Wangshu.
(3) Full-fruiting period: the fruiting branches, falling branches and declining branches are retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect branches are cut off.
Eliminate pests and diseases
mite
Citrus red spider, four-point yellow spider rust tick. Before and after flowering (March-May) and autumn (9-165438+1October) are the key periods for controlling red spider: the population density reaches 1-2 heads/leaf before flowering, and it needs to be controlled after flowering and when it reaches 5-6 heads/leaf in autumn. The main periods of controlling rust lice are spring shoot sprouting, young fruit and fruit expansion: rust color appeared on the back of spring shoot leaves in that year; When the insect population density on leaves or fruits reaches 2-3 heads per leaf, control it immediately. Commonly used pesticides are hexythiazox, propargite, bromopropyl ester, chlormeuron and so on. Pay attention to the protection of natural enemies, such as bearded mites, blunt mites, mite-eating ladybugs, Japanese beetles, lacewings, etc.
balance
Arrow scale, red wax scale, cotton scale, etc. ). The key period of drug control: the first generation nymph stage of scale insects, the damage stage of a large number of terminal branches in the larval stage of scale insects (usually from early May to mid-June), and the peak period of scale insects. Commonly used drugs include buprofezin, methidathion, matrine+nicotine, levobuprofezin, oil emulsion and so on. Pay attention to improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the park; Protect and utilize natural enemies such as Japanese square beetles, red-lipped ladybugs, lacewings, golden aphids, Australian ladybugs and red ladybugs.
aphid
The killing rate of new shoots is 25%, and it should be sprayed immediately. Commonly used pesticides include chlordimeform, dimethoate and butachlor. Attention should be paid to the protection of ladybugs, Chrysopa grandis, Syrphidae, Aphididae, etc. Cut off the overwintering eggs and reduce the number of pests.
Leaf miner
The key period of control is the emergence of bamboo shoots in summer and autumn (mid-July). Wipe off the scattered new shoots in summer and autumn in time, and combine fertilizer and water management to promote the healthy and tidy new shoots of plants. Chemical control: spray new shoots every 7- 1-2cm for 2-3 times continuously. Commonly used pesticides are avermectin, cartap and cypermethrin.
Bud maggot
When budding, methyl chloride powder, diazinon granules, etc. After selection, it is mixed with fine soil and sprinkled on the soil surface of the tree tray once every 7 days for 2-3 consecutive times; When the diameter of the bud is 2-3mm (white), spraying phosphorus and trichlorfon on the crown; Remove the damaged flower buds as soon as possible, and concentrate or boil them deeply; Deep digging in the garden soil in winter can kill some overwintering pests pupae.
red spider
Control measures: spraying garlic juice and a small amount of soapy water on insects can effectively inhibit insects.