1, planned close planting
Refers to the planting density, dense in the early stage and sparse in the late stage, which is locked year by year through thinning or interplanting in the late stage.
Specific planting methods: two methods are usually adopted, that is, usually planting 3× 4m, planting 56 plants per mu 1.5× 4m, and planting 2 plants per mu1/kloc-0.
2. Unplanned close planting. When planting is specified, the planned density is usually 3×4 meters.
3. Planting method.
Before planting, dig the planting pit according to the location. The length and width of the pit are usually 0.8m, and the depth is 0.7m. After the pit is dug, it is backfilled with compound fertilizer or topsoil.
The best planting time in spring is from February to April. If it is a container seedling, it can also be planted outdoors in summer. When planting, the seedlings should be placed vertically in the center of the nest. The planting depth should be equal to the yellowing junction of trunk, root neck and soil surface, and should not be too deep.
If it is a container seedling, you should stand up and stretch it when planting, pat some nutrient soil with roots, then combine it with wet fine soil and compact the soil to make a plate with the stem as the center and 20 cm high from the ground.
Then, water the roots of young citrus trees for 3 days, and water them for 3 times every 3 days, so that young citrus trees can survive and grow.
4. Techniques to effectively improve the survival rate of citrus fruit trees
4. 1 Select high-quality seedlings.
Seedling quality is one of the important factors affecting the survival rate of afforestation. Try to choose seedlings with high technical level, such as no pests and diseases, vigorous growth, developed roots and short internodes. Before planting, carefully select seedlings, eliminate unqualified weak seedlings, elongated seedlings and damaged seedlings, and arrange seedlings.
4.2 Trim the root system
After the fruit tree was dug out of the nursery, its roots were damaged. In order to reduce the destruction area, it is necessary to organize. Pull out part of the main root with scissors, and cut off the big lateral root from the injury. Don't cut diagonally, the wound will heal easily.
4.3 Arrange branches and leaves
After the root system is cut off, it can not absorb enough water from the soil to evaporate the branches and leaves on the ground, cut off two-thirds of the branches and leaves, reduce transpiration and improve the survival rate.
4.4 Colonial technology
1, it should be noted that applying enough fertilizer and nutrient solution to soak the root system can promote the wound healing of the root system, accelerate the growth and recovery of the root system and improve the survival rate.
2. Remove the membrane from the transplanted joint. If the graft membrane is not released, the growth of the upper and lower parts of the graft joint will become thicker, but the growth of the graft joint is not synchronous, and it is easy to fall off from the graft joint when the wind blows.
3. Straighten out the root system. Put the seedlings into a fixed hole to make the roots spread smoothly and ensure the normal growth of the roots. Put the seedlings into the planting hole, cover with a thin layer of soil, water the roots and stumps to make them closely connected with the soil, and then cover with 1 layer of soil.
4. Pay attention to the marriage interface. In order to grow normally, citrus fruit trees must display kinship interface, while bayberry, plum, peach and chestnut fruit trees should not display combination interface. After planting, cover the surface soil of the stump with straw, thatch, crop straw or pig manure and cow dung to keep the soil moisture and resume growth.
4.5 Cover with plastic film
After planting, the surrounding scorpions are made into shallow pots centered on the fixed seedlings, and covered with 80- 100 square centimeters of mulch. It can effectively raise ground temperature, resist drought, protect buds and promote the early growth of buds.
4.6 Fertilizer and water management
The key to restore root growth is to irrigate fruit trees with chemical fertilizer and water every 10 and 20 days after planting.
4.7 dinggan
According to the cultivation requirements, 35 complete buds were cut at a certain height of the stem, and the incision was smooth and not cracked, and treated with sealant or plastic film to prevent dehydration and drying. In areas with frequent spring breeze, support points should be set to prevent trees from shaking.
Second, the management of young citrus trees after planting
According to the management principle of "first raising and then restraining", according to the growth of fruit trees and soil moisture, topdressing new seedlings in time and paying attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases at seedling stage. Try to create good environmental conditions for the growth of seedlings.
1, fertilization management
1, the dose in the first year. After the seedlings survive, water and fertilize once every 15-20 days according to the principle of fertilization by stages. With the acceleration of seedling growth, a small amount of urea, water and fertilizer are gradually added. Generally speaking, the dosage of urea is 50 kg of water mixed with 0. 1-0.25 kg of water, which cannot be exceeded.
2. Administration before results. Fertilization is changed to once a month in the second year after planting, and semi-circular ditch or annular ditch fertilization method is adopted. Fertilization amount is 0.5 ~ 0.8kg/plant, and cover it in time after application. In the third year, apply fertilizer once every quarter, and the amount of fertilizer will gradually increase. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, mainly phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and cake fertilizer.
We can also spray fertilizer from the roots. This technology usually adopts urea 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and after thorough mixing, it is sprayed once every time when new shoots are laid.
2. Soil management
In hilly areas, soil fertility is often insufficient. Green manure can be planted according to local conditions, or soil can be deeply applied to the soil near the crown to improve the soil. Grow green manure. In winter, soybeans are usually sown from June 10 to June 1 1. Broad beans are plowed into the soil before ripening.
3, plastic pruning
1, fuck. From the ground, the height of the trunk should be 30 cm, not more than 50 cm at most, and all the side branches below should be cut off.
2, plastic surgery. Branches produced after stem setting are called main branches, which should be well branched according to the required crown skeleton. This principle makes the main branches vertically distributed at the top of the tree, with 45 degrees in the middle and horizontal extension at the lower part, and the number of branches at the lower part should be 3. The main branch after that is also called the main side branch. 2~3 branches should be gradually extended between branches. Methods: The induced model was made by pulling rope method or bamboo pole method.
Step 3 trim. On the basis of plastic pruning, the redundant branches are manually erased or cut off, and then the long branches are removed or cut off. In this case, the summer shoots are often too long and should be controlled at about 20 ~ 25cm. With the continuous expansion of the crown, the principle of pruning is: "Look at the tree pruning." Keep the shape of the tree, don't go out of the inner hall, and see the thickness. In short, in the process of growth, we should not only make the bones strong, but also make the branches grow in order.
4. Promote flowers and protect fruits.
After planting saplings for 2 ~ 3 years, measures can be taken to promote flowers and keep them fresh, resulting in flowers in 3 ~ 4 years.
The specific approach is:
(1) Control ignition and release ignition. Last autumn, young trees entered the fruiting period, that is, early August, and attention was paid to tender branches, laying the foundation for providing flowering and fruiting mother trees next year.
When manipulating, all new shoots of young trees should be erased or excessively long summer shoots should be cut off in mid-July, so as to make them send out autumn shoots on time.
(2) Circumcision or ligation in time. When the new shoots of young trees enter the leaf unfolding stage (before the leaves turn green), use two or three knives to touch the knife or cut off the ring skin of the main branch, and the spacing between each knife is 2~3 cm. Tighten at equal intervals, circulate for two or three times, and loosen the buds after normal formation.
(4) Preserve fruits in time. Young trees enter the flower tip after flowering, and then begin the first physiological fruiting period, which is the key moment for fruit preservation, and hormones can be used to stabilize the fruit.
Usually, a mixture of 92kg and 50kg of water is added, and 0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0. 1% boron fertilizer are mixed to spray young fruits.
Two points must be grasped in the operation.
First of all, drugs and fertilizers must be completely dissolved and mixed.
Second, just spray it to the end, don't drip all over the tree, and don't spray it repeatedly. When entering the second physiological fruiting period (no fruit stalks), add 9203 bags of water and 50 kg of water. Other methods are the same, and take secondary preservation measures. Then, the new shoots extracted before the end of May and June are completely erased.