He is the first scientist, inventor and musician in American history who enjoys an international reputation. In order to explore the progress of electricity, the famous "kite experiment" was carried out and remarkable achievements were made in electricity. In order to deeply explore the law of electricity movement, many special terms such as positive electrode, negative electrode, conductor, battery, charge and discharge have become international common vocabulary. He borrowed the positive and negative concepts in mathematics, and expressed the nature of charge scientifically with the concept of positive and negative electricity for the first time. And put forward the view that charge can neither be created nor destroyed, and later generations discovered the law of charge conservation on this basis. He first put forward the concept of lightning rod, and the lightning rod made of it avoided lightning disaster and broke superstition.
He is an excellent politician and a veteran of the American War of Independence. He participated in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the American Constitution, and actively advocated the abolition of slavery, which was deeply respected by the American people. He is the first American ambassador abroad (France), so he enjoys a high reputation in the world.
170665438+1October17 Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston, North America. His father was an English painter who made candles and soap. He has ten children, and Franklin ranks eighth. Franklin entered school at the age of eight. Although his academic performance is excellent, his father's income can't afford him to go to school because there are too many children at home. So he left school at the age of ten and went home to help his father make candles. Franklin only studied at school for two years in his life. At the age of twelve, he was an apprentice in a small printing factory run by his brother James. Since then, he has worked as a printer for nearly ten years, but his study has never stopped. He saved money for meals to buy books. At the same time, taking advantage of my work, I met apprentices from several bookstores, secretly borrowed books from bookstores at night, looked at them all night, and returned them the next morning. He read a wide range, from popular books on natural science and technology to papers by famous scientists and works by famous writers.
1736, Franklin was elected secretary of the Pennsylvania legislature. 1737, former deputy director of Philadelphia Post. Franklin insisted on studying every day, even though his work was getting heavier and heavier. In order to further open the door to the treasure house of knowledge, he studied foreign languages tirelessly and mastered French, Italian, Spanish and Latin successively. He has widely accepted the advanced achievements of world science and culture. He laid a solid foundation for his scientific research.
1752 In July, he made a kite experiment to attract lightning, which caused a sensation all over the world. In the past, people always thought that the appearance of lightning and thunder in the sky was a manifestation of nature's great power. Franklin's experimental results show that this is a discharge phenomenon in nature.
Just as he made new achievements in scientific research, due to the cruel rule of British colonists, the national liberation movement in North American colonies was growing. For the independence and liberation of the nation, he resolutely put down his experimental instruments and actively stood in the forefront of the struggle. From 1757 to 1775, he went to Britain as a representative of North American colonies for many times to negotiate. After the outbreak of the War of Independence, he participated in the Second Continental Congress and the drafting of the Declaration of Independence. 1776, 70-year-old Franklin crossed the ocean to France and won the support of the French and European people for the North American War of Independence. From 65438 to 0787, he actively participated in the formulation of the American Constitution and organized a movement against slavery.
Franklin spent the last winter in the company of his relatives. 1April 7, 790, at night 1 1 point, Franklin died suddenly. At that time, his grandchildren, Temple and Benjamin, were with him. On April 2 1, the people of Philadelphia held a funeral for him, and 20,000 people attended the funeral procession to mourn for Franklin's death for one month. In this way, Benjamin Franklin passed the 84th spring and autumn period of his life, lying quietly in the grave in the church yard, and his tombstone was engraved with only the words "printer Franklin".
He has a series of titles-writer, inventor, publisher, scientist and diplomat. Some people say that he is a celebrity in the18th century, second only to Washington. Franklin's autobiography is a household name. He has no distinguished family background and rich life. He has achieved success in various fields only by virtue of his devotion to religion, attention to education, simplicity of life and indomitable struggle. He is an outstanding representative of American Puritanism.