With the rapid development of computer and IT technology, computer network has become a very hot topic, which is closely related to almost every employee in the enterprise.
From the planning, establishment, operation, upgrade and maintenance of enterprise LAN (including wired and wireless) to the publication and operation of enterprise website (including services such as web, ftp and Email); From the management of network security to the establishment of database management, storage management, network and personnel management systems; Operation management from network equipment to server and workstation (PC); From the production of network cable to the installation of operating system (server and PC), it may all be related to the work of our network administrator.
Therefore, the task of the network administrator is to comprehensively manage the network, which is the premise and guarantee for the efficient operation of the network. The object of management not only refers to hardware factors such as smooth network link and normal operation of the server, but also includes software factors such as network application and data flow.
Network managers must always pay attention to the network operation of their own enterprises and care about the application of the network by enterprises, so that the network can meet the needs of enterprises at any time and keep up with and guide the development of enterprises. Let's discuss with you the necessary "hardware" qualities of a successful network administrator.
As a network administrator, you often need to do it yourself. You should not only build your own network and network services, but also set up switches and routers. Although the wiring project is usually implemented by network companies, due to the change of new equipment or network topology, it is often necessary to do some network jumpers, suppress some modules and even do some simple comprehensive wiring.
In addition, computer hardware and network equipment upgrades (such as adding hard disk, memory and CPU, etc.). ) Administrators often need to do it themselves. The installation of operating system, application software and hardware drivers is a compulsory course for network administrators. Therefore, the network administrator must have a pair of dexterous hands and strong hands-on ability.
Network administrators must have very keen observation ability, especially when debugging programs or software and hardware fail. Error message, computer's chirping, flashing state of indicator light and display color, etc. , will prompt the possible cause of the failure from one side. The more carefully you observe the fault phenomenon. The more comprehensive, the greater the chance of troubleshooting. In addition, through timely observation, potential network hidden dangers can be eliminated in time.
Network administrators are exposed to network equipment, servers and other hardware almost every day, so a successful network administrator needs to master hardware knowledge about the network besides having certain self-study ability and updating his knowledge structure. The following is a list of common hardware knowledge.
1, servers and workstations
The server is the hub of the network and the core of informatization. The server is a high-performance computer, which consists of CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, hard disk and various buses. It can provide various services (network, Web application, database, file, printing, etc. ) and other high-performance applications. Its high performance is mainly reflected in high-speed computing ability, long-term reliable operation and power.
At present, foreign servers have brands such as IBM, HP, SUN and DELL, while domestic servers have brands such as Inspur, Lenovo and Shuguang.
Workstation, English name workstation, based on personal computer and distributed network computing, is mainly oriented to professional application fields. According to the different software and hardware platforms, workstations are generally divided into UNIX system workstations based on RISC (Reduced Instruction System) architecture and PC workstations based on Windows and Intel.
UNIX workstation is a high-performance professional workstation, which has Powerful processors (RISC chips were mostly used in the past), optimized memory, I/O (input/output) and graphics subsystems, and proprietary hardware systems such as processors (Alpha, MIPS, power, etc.). ), memory and graphics, special UNIX operating system and application software of specific hardware platform are incompatible with each other.
PC workstation is based on high-performance X86 processor, uses stable operating systems such as Windows NT, Windows2000 and WINDOWS XP, adopts a graphics system conforming to professional graphics standard (OpenGL), and adds subsystems such as high-performance storage, I/O (input/output) and network to meet the requirements of professional software operation. The workstation based on Windows 2000/XP/NT adopts a standard and open system platform, which can minimize the cost of ownership.
At present, many manufacturers have introduced workstations suitable for different user groups, such as IBM, Dell and Hewlett-Packard.
The installation, configuration, operation and maintenance of server and workstation system is also one of the important qualities that a successful network administrator must have.
2. Router
Router is the key equipment to realize the inter-network connection in the network. As the hub of interconnection between different networks, the router system constitutes the main node of the Internet based on TCP/IP. In other words, the router builds the skeleton of the Internet, and its processing speed and reliability directly affect the quality of network interconnection.
There are two ways to configure the router: one is to configure the router through the configuration port, using a microcomputer or terminal, and the other is to configure the router through the network with Telnet command. However, the premise of adopting the second method is that the user has correctly configured the IP address of each interface of the router; Therefore, the first method is more universal.
At present, there are mainly Cisco and Nortel networks in foreign countries, and Huawei in China. As a network administrator, you must be proficient in the installation and debugging of routers from various manufacturers, which is one of the qualities that a successful network administrator must have.
3. Switches and hubs
The English name of the Switch is "switch", which is an upgraded product of the hub. From the appearance, it is basically not much different from hub, it is a cuboid with multiple ports. According to the needs of information transmission at both ends of communication, the switch sends the information to be transmitted to the corresponding qualified route through manual or automatic equipment.
The main functions of the switch include physical addressing, network topology, error checking, frame sequence and flow control. At present, some high-end switches have some new functions, such as supporting VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network), supporting link aggregation, and some even have the functions of routing and firewall.
Switch is a network device based on MAC address identification, which can complete the function of encapsulating and forwarding data packets. At present, the mainstream switch manufacturers are represented by Cisco, 3COM and Annette abroad, and Huawei and D-LINK at home.
Hub is called "hub" in English, and its main function is to regenerate, shape and amplify the received signal, so as to expand the transmission distance of the network, and at the same time concentrate all nodes on the node centered on it. Hub belongs to the bottom equipment of pure hardware network, and basically does not have the ability of "intelligent memory" and "learning" similar to switches. It also has no MAC address table owned by the switch, so it sends data by broadcast, not as a target.
It is also one of the qualities that a successful network administrator must have to master the installation and configuration of switches and the daily handling methods of switch failures.
4. Firewall and Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
The English name of FireWall is "firewall", which is the most important network protection equipment at present. From a professional point of view, a firewall is a set of components located between two (or more) networks to realize access control between networks. A firewall can isolate an intranet from the Internet or other external networks, and restrict network access to protect the intranet.
At present, almost all domestic firewalls are occupied by foreign brands, and the advantages of foreign brands are mainly that their technology and popularity are higher than domestic products. Domestic firewall manufacturers know more about domestic users and have more advantages in price.
Among firewall products, foreign mainstream manufacturers include Cisco, CheckPoint, NetScreen and so on. And domestic mainstream manufacturers include Neusoft, Tianrongxin, Lenovo and Founder. , they all provide different levels of firewall products.
Intrusion detection system (IDS). Professionally speaking, it is to monitor the operation of the network and system according to certain security policies, and strive to find all kinds of attack attempts, attacks or attack results to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of network system resources.
In essence, the intrusion detection system is a typical "snooping device". It doesn't span multiple physical network segments (usually only one listening port), and it doesn't need to forward any traffic. It just needs to passively and silently collect the messages it cares about on the network.
As an important part of network security, firewall and IDS are the most commonly used security devices, so mastering the installation, configuration and application of firewall and IDS is one of the qualities that a successful network administrator must possess.
5. Other hardware equipment
In the integrated wiring equipment, besides the most important transmission media, such as twisted pair and optical cable, there are many wiring equipment in use. Commonly used are RJ45 plug, information socket, distribution frame, optical fiber connector, wire stripper, wire clamp, wire clamp, wire module and measuring instrument. Network administrators must learn to operate skillfully.
In network storage, disk array is a system that combines several hard drives into a whole according to certain requirements, and the whole disk array is managed by an array controller. Tape library is a tape-based backup system, similar to automatic loading tape drive. The tape library consists of multiple drives, multiple slots and a mechanical arm, which can automatically disassemble and load tapes.
It can provide the same basic automatic backup and data recovery functions, but at the same time it has more advanced technical characteristics. Mastering the installation, operation and use of network storage devices is also something that network administrators must learn.
When building WLAN, install, debug and apply WLAN products such as wireless router, wireless bridge AP, wireless network card and antenna.
In short, as a successful network administrator, you must have a certain understanding of all kinds of network equipment, and be cautious in the use of each network product to ensure the normal and stable operation of the equipment in a certain network environment. Therefore, after studying hard, being good at practice and being diligent in summing up, network administrators must have the qualities of "wide" and "expert". Only in this way can you become a truly successful network administrator.