Pruning method of pitaya tree
1. Pruning of small trees
The pruning of young trees is mainly based on shaping, and the method of removing the heart is adopted to promote branching. When the seedlings of pitaya grow out of the cement column, the trunk of pitaya germinates several branches by coring to promote the formation of fruiting branches as soon as possible. Every March, we are ready to enter the stage of flower bud differentiation. In order to prevent the old branches from growing in vain, all the buds should be removed, so that nutrients can be accumulated and stored in the mesophyll of the old branches. The mesophyll of the main branch will quickly thicken and darken in a short time, which is conducive to flowering.
2. Pruning of adult trees
After the harvest season, all the old branches that have borne fruit and are pulled by the fruit and perpendicular to the surface should be cut off. Because these old branches receive less sunlight, and secondly, the nutrient consumption after fruiting is too large, which is not conducive to nutrient accumulation and the formation of the next round of fruiting mother branches. After cutting off the old branches, the new branches germinate, and the new branches are fatter, pointing to the sky and fully accepting the sunshine. The quality of flowers and fruits is better than that of the old branches. In the flowering and fruiting period, you can cut off the redundant nutrient branches, which can reduce the consumption of nutrients and promote sunlight.
Fertilization method for planting pitaya
Fertilization of pitaya is an important link in comprehensive management. The exertion of fertilizer efficiency is related to soil and water. Only good soil structure and physical and chemical properties can promote microbial activities, accelerate nutrient decomposition and promote root absorption. The decomposition, absorption, operation, synthesis and utilization of fertilizer must be carried out with the participation of water, so fertilization must be combined with irrigation to give full play to fertilizer efficiency. In addition, fertilization is an important measure to maintain soil fertility and meet the nutritional elements needed for the growth and development of fruit trees. The type, quantity, method and period of fertilization will affect the fertilization effect. Scientific fertilization should be carried out according to its nutritional characteristics and nutrient abundance and deficiency in production. Pitaya has a long flowering period and high nutrient consumption. Therefore, there is a great demand for fertilizer, especially in the bumper harvest period, so it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water.
It is more scientific to determine the reasonable amount of fertilization mainly from the consumption of trees, the supply capacity of soil and the utilization rate of fertilizer. Generally, the profit and loss of nutrition are judged by leaf nutrition analysis, and then adjusted by fertilization. The fertilization of pitaya is mainly organic fertilizer, with a small amount of chemical fertilizer. Farm manure, according to the ratio of chicken manure, pig manure and peanut bran 1:2:7, is about 9 cubic meters per 667 square meters per year (depending on soil fertility and seedling growth). In addition, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied as needed, and trace fertilizers should be added appropriately when elements are lacking. The results show that timely fertilization can reduce fertilization times and improve fertilizer utilization rate. In high temperature and rainy areas, multiple thin applications can improve fertilizer utilization rate. Pitaya can be fertilized three times a year, in July and June, 65438+ 10, and in March of the following year, cow dung compost 1.2kg/ plant and compound fertilizer 200g/ plant. Field experiments abroad show that the application of nitrogen fertilizer generally has a sustained yield increase effect, while the effect of phosphorus fertilizer is in the first two years, and potassium fertilizer and trace elements (B, Cu, Zn, Mn) have a better yield increase effect in the later period. The recommended fertilization rate for high quality and high yield cultivation of pitaya is 80 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer in the first year; Apply 20 kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide every year in the second and third years; In the third year, potassium oxide 10 kg/ha, boron 5 kg/ha, copper, zinc and molybdenum 10 kg/ha.
Management method for pitaya planting
1. Soil, fertilizer and water management
Pitaya 1 water once every 3 ~ 5 days after planting. After survival, adjust the watering times as needed. Although the stem of pitaya has a thick epidermis and strong drought resistance, it grows very rapidly in winter when the temperature is low, if it is irrigated regularly. The fertilizer can be liquid fertilizer, which promotes the germination of branches and leaves, and is applied 2-3 times a week to promote the germination of branches. When potted seedlings are raised, fertilization can be started after survival is confirmed. Compound fertilizer can be used, but not too much to avoid fertilizer loss. The effect of applying organic fertilizer is better. If human urine is used, it should be left for 10 days, diluted by 10 times, and the suitable fertilization time is 1 ~ 2 times per month.
Pick a heart
Each pitaya seedling can keep the fastest growing 1 ~ 2 branches as the trunk, fix the trunk on the column, and when the trunk is longer than the column, break the terminal bud, that is, pick the core. After the core is removed from the trunk, several branches sprout, and the top branches are kept. The branches are fixed on the bracket with black sun-proof nylon rope, and let them droop into fruiting branches.
3. Others
Control pests and weeds, etc. Lime should be applied to pitaya seedlings to prevent snails, slugs and other mollusks from being hurt. Lime, fire ash or poison bait can be sprinkled at the base to trap and kill them. In addition, before the seedlings grow to the top of the column, pesticides should be applied to the bud tips of the growing points once every two weeks to prevent insects from eating the growing points and stopping growing. Pitaya has a shallow root system, so using herbicides will harm plants. Just cut the grass short or spread straw and rice husk on the surface to inhibit the growth of weeds.
Method for plan pitaya tree
1. Cut the pitaya in half, and gently scrape the pulp into the container with a stainless steel spoon.
2. Dilute the pulp with water and gently rub it with your fingers to separate the pulp from the seeds as much as possible.
3. Pour the pulpy pulp into the short stockings and continue rubbing for a few times. Then soak them in water 1 day. Do not soak for more than two days, otherwise it will germinate. Continue rubbing the next day, so that all the pulp is squeezed out, leaving only black seeds, which look a bit like black sesame seeds.
4. Lift the stockings and drain. You can use toilet paper to dry the water on the seeds, take out the seeds and lay them flat on the plate. Blow gently with an electric fan to make the seeds completely dry and separate from each other, and then you can start planting.
5-9. Choose a suitable pot without holes, or fill the holes with a pot with holes, put them in sterile culture soil, spray some water to make the surface soil very wet, and then spread the seeds evenly on the culture soil.
10. After spraying water for several times, wrap the seeds with plastic wrap to keep the surface moist, and then turn on the water spray once a day until new buds grow.
1 1. After a week, the whole basin surface will grow, about 1 cm high. The seed shells will fall off one by one, and the whole pot will feel full of green with green eyes.
12. After two weeks, it grows tall, about 2 cm high, and the leaves are more compact and thicker. The color of the two leaves turns yellow-green, which is very suitable for office or living room and has a refreshing and comfortable feeling.