Yimeng Mountain Area, as the command center of Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area, is the location of the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division, Shandong Branch, Shandong War Trade Union and Shandong Column Command. Therefore, it became the focus of the Japanese army's "iron wall encirclement". 194 1 mid-September to 1 year1early October, the Japanese army first "mopped up" Taishan district in central Shandong and Tancheng and Matou areas in southern Shandong around Yimeng mountain area. After that, the Japanese army mobilized more than 53,000 troops and joined forces through multiple channels and echelons to form an "iron wall encirclement" in Yimeng Mountain area. Yan, commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders, personally went to Linyi and Tangtou to command. Its deployment is: independent 32 divisions and 10 brigades are deployed in Yishui and Juxian; With the 17th Division as the main force and the 13th Division as the first department, it is located in Linyi, thus forming the encirclement of Yimeng. The Japanese army's "mopping up" was aimed at the area between Yishui, Mengyin, Feixian and Linyi, which was 60 to 70 kilometers long. At the same time, a small group of Japanese troops went out to disturb the northwest of Feixian County and attacked Junan Cross Road and Dadian to confuse our army and make it impossible for our army to understand its true intentions.
At this time, the Eighth Route Army Division HQ, Zhong * * Shandong Branch, Shandong wartime trade union and branch party school stayed in the south of Yinan County; Shandong Column Command is located in Mamuchi, northwest of Yinan; The first brigade in Shan Zong is north of Yimeng Highway, and the third brigade is in Tianbaoshan District. Kangdazhi is west of Mengshan; Mengshan detachment is in the east of Mengshan. The Eighth Route Army troops active near Luzhong are the Second Brigade of 1 15 Division in the south of Binhai and the Second Brigade of Shan Zong in the north of Binhai. The Japanese "encirclement of the iron wall" began on 194 1 year 1 1 February 2. On the 4th, the enemy surrounded Mamuchi and Dagushan of Shandong Column Command of the Eighth Route Army respectively. In the Battle of Dagushan, many officers and men, such as Lin, chief of staff of Dagushan Independent Regiment, the fourth brigade of Shandong Column, died. Chen Ruoke, the lover of Zhu Rui, secretary of Shandong Branch, was unfortunately injured and arrested, and was taken to Yishui City for execution. In the evening, more than 20,000 enemy troops 1 1 road direction 1 15 division headquarters and Shandong branch camped. Luo Ronghuan, the political commissar, skillfully led the office staff to highlight the enemy camp, so that the leading organs of the Shandong Party, government and army avoided a major loss. On the 7th, 1 15 division spy battalion ambushed Shi Lan, killing more than 300 Japanese troops in one fell swoop.
From165438+1October 12, the Japanese army not only controlled a small number of troops to be in a mobile position and looked for our main force to fight, but also concentrated its main force in Yimeng basic area, established strongholds, built roads and repeatedly carried out "mopping up". Every "clean-up", the party and government cadres, separated persons and the sick and wounded in the base areas were searched from house to house to "announce and help the class to be over". Only Mamuchi Village of Shandong Column Command was set on fire three times, and all the houses were reduced to ashes. Nanzhai village in Yinan 130 households was also set on fire, and more than 80 young people were taken away. In order to divide and block the base areas, restrict the activities of anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians, and prepare for their long-term control of Yimeng, the Japanese puppet troops also captured a large number of able-bodied men and repaired temporary roads. The cruel oppression of the enemy plunged the base areas into chaos, some local armed forces and grass-roots political power collapsed, and self-defense groups and guerrillas in most villages were scattered. In order to smash the enemy's "clean-up" and defend the base area, 1 15 Division ordered the Second Brigade and the Second Brigade of Shandong Column to strike at the enemy roads along the seashore and cooperate with the anti-"clean-up" in the base area. At the same time, we ordered the 3rd Battalion of the 2nd Brigade of Shandong Column, the 1st detachment of Kangda and the Mengshan detachment to enter the backbone area to crack down on the enemy. At the same time, a large number of cadres were immediately dispatched to form working groups and sent to various places to lead the masses to carry out guerrilla warfare.
Leading organs such as Shandong Branch, 1 15 Division entered Dagutai between Mengshan Mountain and Mengshan Mountain. On the afternoon of June165438+1October 17, the enemy launched a converging attack on Otani Station after aerial reconnaissance. My leading body then crossed the Linyi-Mengyin highway eastward and entered Beicun at dusk that day. With the cooperation of special forces and puppet troops, more than 200 Japanese troops pursued 1 15 Division Headquarters and Shandong Branch, occupied Lu Yunshan, Xiaojiaping and Langwozi to the north of yinan county, and established strongholds in Lu Yunshan. It is located in the central area of Yimeng. If it is not cleared, it will pose a threat to the base area. Luo Ronghuan's political commissar and Chen Guangdai's teachers decided to take advantage of the enemy's precarious position and lead the division's spy battalion, the Shandong column's second brigade, the fourth regiment, the third battalion and Linyi (south) and the border county's independent battalion to attack the stronghold. 165438+1On the evening of October 28th, the battle of Lu Yunshan started, and our army entered the village to kill the enemy. At dawn on the 29th, our army withdrew from the battle and watched the enemy. In order to concentrate on fighting,
In order to prevent the loss of organs, Luo Ronghuan and others instructed Yuan Zhongxian, the commander of the fifth division of the division, to lead the division and the staff directly under the division, and Chen Ming, deputy director and secretary general of the Provincial War Trade Union, led about 2,000 people from Shandong branch, provincial war trade unions, provincial group organizations, newspapers, hospitals, garment factories and banks, and moved to Daqingshan on the west side of Linyi-Mengyin Highway on the night of the 29th, waiting for the troops to meet again after the battle. According to the report of the Daqingshan Defense First Branch during the day on the 29th, there was no enemy situation there.
Wan chased the 1 15 division and main force of Shandong column like a mad dog in Yimeng mountain area, but failed to return, so he changed his tactics and let a company continue to chase his opponent. But by a HunChengLv more than 5000 people secretly entered the vicinity of daqingshan, to establish an encirclement-he wants to "wait for him", destroy the eighth route army troops and institutions entering this area. This serious enemy situation was not discovered by Kangxin No.1 Branch.
There are four brigades, 1 women's team, two, three, five and secret service departments of Kangda branch, plus the school department, with more than 3,000 people. The second brigade is the China National Travel Service, and the trainees are cadres of county and township governments in various base areas in Shandong, with insufficient combat experience; The third and fifth brigades are military brigades. Trainees are composed of 1 15 division and platoon cadres of Shandong column battalion. They are experienced in combat, but most of them have only a few hundred worn-out rifles, no bayonets and insufficient ammunition. The branch school has a large scale and a large number of staff, and it is distributed in more than ten villages such as Hu Jiazhuang, Yangjiazhuang, Dagutai, Lixinggou and Wutonggou, stretching for more than ten miles. Schools are located in Hu Jiazhuang and Otani. 165438+1On the morning of October 30, a sudden gunshot sounded in the northeast mountain pass, and then a warning beacon was raised at the sergeant post of the fifth brigade; Heavy artillery also rumbled in the southeast. Judging from the familiar "beep hook" sound and the sound of the March 8 rifle, there is no doubt that students will meet the main force of the Japanese army.
At this time, the scouts reported to the branch headquarters: "We surrounded three enemies in the direction of Daigu through Hu Jie, Tanbu and Xu Tao. Each road is a wing, with more than 5000 people. Now we turn around and attack here. All the way to Tambu has started from the first camp of Huangcaoguan. " Chairman Zhou Chunquan immediately ordered an emergency rally to seize the nearest commanding height of Daqingshan.
Daqingshan is 686 meters above sea level. At that time, it belonged to Xuezhuang District of Feidong County, and now it belongs to Xuezhuang Town of Feixian County. The main peak is at the junction of Yinan, Feixian and Mengyin. At that time, a squadron of the Japanese army, carrying a 92-type infantry gun, had occupied the No.1 highland of Daqingshan and made a surprise attack on my outpost. Responsible for guarding the fifth brigade of the whole school and rushing to the second and third highlands. Battalion commander Chen Huatang and political commissar Li Zhenbang are all veteran cadres of the Red Army. They seized the commanding heights by "breaking the machine" without receiving the order from the head of the school. The Japanese army is the main force in the mountains, naturally aware of the importance of seizing the commanding heights, and also desperately rushed to the No.2 and No.3 highlands. In the sudden battle, both sides are scrambling to deploy troops and seize the main points in accordance with the usual military principles. The fifth brigade's "breaking the plane first" won extremely valuable time for our military personnel to break through.
When Ma Fei, a passer-by of a branch school, ran to the school's emergency meeting place, the battle for the No.2 highland was going on fiercely, and the gunfire and shouts were heartbreaking and amazing. President Zhou knows that if Highland No.2 falls, Highland No.3 will become the only barrier that determines the life and death of the whole school. He solemnly ordered Hao Yunhong, the staff officer, "Go to the Fifth Brigade and tell Chen Huatang to guard the third highland! No evacuation without my order! " After several struggles, the second highland has been recaptured, and the danger is approaching step by step. Zhou Chunquan and political commissar Li Peinan paid close attention to the surrounding situation and quickly considered how to lead more than 3,000 people hidden in the valley under the main peak of Daqing Mountain to highlight the encirclement of the Japanese army. This is the essence of Shandong anti-Japanese base area! At this critical moment, 1 15 division, Shandong party and government leading organs and directly affiliated teams crowded into the campus of the First Affiliated High School of Kangda. At the same time, the whole battlefield situation suddenly accelerated, and the gunfire in all directions became more and more dense, louder and closer: the shells roaring from the rear of the southeast Daqingshan showed that the enemy sent by Qingtuo Temple was scrambling to climb the main peak of Daqingshan, but our army had no defensive force on the main peak, and the only thing that limited the enemy was the steep terrain of the rocks; Gunfire in the southwest confirmed that the enemies sent by Fangcheng and Shi Lan had seized the throat of the southwest mountain pass; The powerful enemy in the north is madly crushed in the south; Enemies gathered in other directions are approaching the direct distance; The second highland has fallen, and the Japanese army is concentrating its forces and firepower to launch a group continuous attack on the third highland. The howling of the enemy is getting louder and louder. The fifth brigade suffered heavy casualties after repeated fighting, and poor bullets and grenades will also be used up. Although the students are brave and tenacious, they are determined to stand on the ground, but they have run out of ammunition and lost their lives. What can they talk about? Waiting for help is even more hopeless. If Highland 3 falls again, it means that more than 6,000 unarmed groups will be gathered by the enemy on unprotected hillsides and beaches!
At this point, the 1 15 division command post followed Chen Guang, the acting division commander, and Luo Ronghuan, the political commissar, to Qingyun Mountain. As the second echelon, most of the personnel of the Division's Political Department have moved to Binhai, and the Division's directly under the authority still includes the 3rd, 4th and 5th headquarters and confidential departments, the personnel of the Organization Department of the Political Department, the personnel of the Supply Department and the personnel of the Communication Battalion. Yuan Zhongxian immediately informed the personnel of all units directly under the division to move up and down the stone plate in the southeast direction. At the same time, some teams were organized to rush to the top of Daqingshan Mountain from the north, ready to meet with the guards of Kangda Campus to cover the breakthrough of institutions and schools. At this time, a Japanese army came up from Dongling, Daqingshan, and the team of 1 15 division stopped it on the spot. When the enemy attacked the north, he could not move for a while, that is, he turned west. Most of the staff of the normal university directly arrived at the upper and lower stone plates, and the head of the political department of the enemy division died. Li, the head of the security section, was injured in the battle and committed suicide because of improper capture.
The battlefield situation in Daqingshan is extremely critical! Zhou Chunquan, chairman of Kangxin Branch, decisively proposed to break through Ximeng Mountain, and Li Peinan's political commissar agreed. Then, Zhou Chunquan ordered: "Vice Minister Yan Jie took the guard company to clear the way!" At this time, the guard company of Shandong Branch was ordered to come under the command of Yan Jiesan. Yan said, "Great! Two in a row, come with me! "
A man from Highland No.3 reported to Zhou: "The enemy stormed and we suffered heavy casualties. All the bullets are used up. Please ask for reinforcements! " Chairman Zhou said sternly, "Tell your battalion chief that without reinforcements, Highland No.3 will die, and people and positions will survive!" I'll go right away! "People know in their hearts that even one more minute in Highland No.3 is an extra security guarantee for the breakthrough of cadres. With that, President Zhou strode to Highland 3!
The breakout personnel crossed a Shahe River. Japanese troops from all directions were commanding, shooting at me with favorable terrain and fierce firepower. Enemy planes repeatedly swooped and strafed, and many comrades fell down, and the grass slopes and white sands were stained with blood. Gunfire roared and bullets rained down. In this fight to the death, people who don't know each other risked their lives to stop flying and rescue injured comrades. Suddenly, the enemy's firepower in Highland No.2 weakened, followed by a dense explosion of grenades. It turned out that the surviving commanders and fighters of the Fifth Brigade saw that the breakout personnel were attacked by the enemy and fell in batches, that is, regardless of heavy casualties, they simply supported and continued to launch an all-round impact on the enemy with their own blood and lives. The enemy rushed into battle, so the enemy's firepower, which posed the greatest threat to the breakout crowd, suddenly weakened.
At the foot of the western hills, the people who broke through marched quickly, and the guard company opened the way with guns. Hao Yunhong, a staff member of a branch school, intercepted every comrade-in-arms with guns at the foot of the Western Hills, appointed a monitor temporarily, and relied on favorable terrain to break through. Liu Heiqi, a Japanese puppet guarding the throat at the west foot of the mountain, is condescending, like locust bullets pouring into the crowd with his bare hands. But our army has no choice but to move forward. When you meet in a narrow road, the brave win. Let's go Rush out resolutely! No guns, no stones, no teeth, no flesh and blood! Just as the breakout personnel "burned their bridges" and went shopping with the enemy, a miracle appeared: groups of heavily armed Japanese and puppet troops saw the surging and fearless crowd and thought they were heroes who fought bloody battles for half a day in the No.2 and No.3 highlands below the mountain. When the volcano erupted like the Yellow River burst its banks, they were shocked by this fearless sight.
Unexpectedly, he quickly evacuated his position and fled to the southwest.
God won't close one door, but he will open another. The initial analysis is doomed to pay a heavy price for the breakthrough. Unexpectedly, there was a completely unexpected opportunity. Yan Jiesan immediately led the guard company to occupy the Western Hills, covering the people rolling westward. The West Mountain is under my control, and the fierce battle in the No.3 Highland and the melee of the Japanese for the breakthrough passage are more intensely intertwined. By the time Zhou Chunquan reached the top of the mountain, the highland fighting had entered a white-hot state. Nearly 300 people in the second and third teams of the fifth brigade basically died heroically on the battlefield.
The Second Squadron has suffered 27 casualties in the battle of Caizhuang. As soon as the battle of Daqingshan started, they stopped the Japanese army blocking the ditch in Wutonggou in the west. Instructor Ke Cheng led a district team of 40 people to stick to a hill in the north of Wutonggou, forcibly stopping the enemy from attacking from the north. This mountain is 356 meters high, with Wutonggou to the west in front of the mountain and Li Xing ditch to the west behind the mountain. When our army retreats to the west, it must pass the foot of the mountain and hold the position, so that the breakout personnel can escape. When the breakout personnel marched westward, their only remaining 65,438+00 people retreated while fighting, and retreated to a farmhouse compound in the northwest corner of Li Xing ditch. When all the bullets and grenades were used up, they fought back with stones. Seeing that they were few in number and had no ammunition, the Japanese copied them from all sides and took them alive. When the Japanese army approached, Ke Cheng suddenly let out a cry, jumped over and hugged an enemy and bit off his ear. Suddenly, a Japanese soldier stabbed him in the back with a bayonet and Cheng Keying died heroically. Other students also got into a pile with the enemy and died in the end. Later, when our army was cleaning the battlefield, an old lady who witnessed the tragedy pointed to Ke Cheng's body and said, "This comrade with long hair is really brave. Even the devil says he is good! " The last five students of their regional team insisted on living in a straw house. The Japanese attacked the house with a flame thrower, and the flame soared instantly, devouring the lives of five heroic students.
Qiu Zemin, the squadron leader of the Fifth Squadron of the Fifth Brigade, and Tang, the deputy squadron leader, led a district team to stop the enemy advancing westward in the north of Dading Mountain. They relied on favorable terrain to repel the enemy's repeated attacks. When the machine gunner died, Qiu Zemin picked up the machine gun and swept the enemy group. After the bullets ran out, he smashed the machine gun and fought the enemy with grenades and stones. Finally, surrounded by the Japanese army, everyone died except Wen Youxing, the captain of the broken leg, who survived in the corpses. Although the students of the Second Brigade are all local cadres, they also took part in the battle to stop the enemy, and they were brave and tenacious, killing many enemies. Liu Huidong, political commissar of the brigade and cadre of the Red Army, was seriously injured on his way back to report the situation to the school leaders. He waited for the enemy to approach, threw a Grenade and committed suicide with the last bullet. Tang Guoqiong, the political instructor of the brigade, is a returned overseas Chinese. After the Anti-Japanese War began, he gave up his rich family life and came to Yan 'an from Guangdong to pursue his revolutionary ideal. Injured and captured in the battle, the enemy tied him up with wire and poured gasoline on him to burn him alive.
When the blood yang inclines to the west, the third highland falls. The enemy who occupied the hill looked at the bodies all over the mountain and found that there were so few Eighth Route Army who stubbornly resisted their main corps and their weapons were so poor, which was considered a great shame. When we saw our big troops break through the west, they were like gamblers who lost their eyes. With excellent weapons and superior forces, they howled and swarmed, "encirclement and suppression" and killed all their living opponents. I have few cover men, so I can't stop the enemy. Japanese infantry and cavalry rushed into the crowd together and slaughtered our personnel with long and short guns, sabers and grenades ... for a while,
The whole battlefield is bloody and horrible.
China came to Shandong to help War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, an international friend of Japanese people-party member of Polish descent and German descent, and Hans, a journalist and writer of American Pacific Affairs. Heep-also fought bravely with the Japanese. His translator and two guards were killed. He shot at the enemy from behind a boulder in Wudaogou.
Finally, he shot himself. According to the comrades who cleaned up the remains of martyrs, Herb's body was covered with bullet holes and he was still clutching a gun.
Chen Ming, deputy director and secretary general of the provincial wartime trade union, led some personnel to highlight the Japanese encirclement and move to Dagutai.
Unfortunately, it was attacked by the Japanese army and broke through in the direction of Wanghailou. The enemy's firepower crossed intensively, and the battlefield became a sea of fire. Almost all of them were injured, and lesbians, cooks and breeders did not avoid bullets and fought with the Japanese army in piles. Three of our four followers have died, leaving only Wu, a 18-year-old guard. When they rushed to the Dashahe cliff between Mengshan and Mengshan, they were blocked by enemy heavy machine guns, and Chen Ming's leg was broken. He said to Xiao Wu, "Run, one is alive, I can't run anyway!" " "Xiao Wu resolutely refused to leave alone. Chen Ming pointed a gun at him and ordered him to run with dignity. Xiao Wu ran away with tears in his eyes. The Japanese army came around, and Chen Ming shot and killed three Japanese soldiers in succession, and then committed suicide with the last bullet. ...
In the evening, my outstanding people climbed Ximen Mountain through the south of Zijingguan. It is said that the Japanese troops in Shi Lan who were ordered to block this passage came late, and our personnel were able to break through this narrow gap. Chen Guang and Luo Ronghuan got the news and quickly sent troops to attack Lu Yunshan to Daqingshan. But when they arrived, the battle to break through Daqingshan was over! After the bloody battle, the bodies of my military and political personnel and students were everywhere, which was terrible. More than 600 people died in the main battlefield of Li Xing ditch, more than 200 people died in Wutonggou, and nearly 200 people died in the battlefield of the Second East Brigade, scattered all over the country. Captain Dong Zhentang of Montfermeil Brigade found a tragic situation when he was cleaning the battlefield. A female team of a branch school was killed. Most women's teams are girls. When they retreated to the foot of the mountain, they were blocked by the Japanese army at the east cliff of Wutonggou, so they had to retreat to three lonely Westinghouse resistance. Groups of Japanese troops are outflanking, take them alive! In addition to the captain and instructor, the women's team only has two homemade grenades. They used this weapon to repel the enemy's attacks again and again, making it impossible for the enemy to advance. Finally, the Japanese set up machine guns to fire at the doors and windows and threw grenades into the house. Soon, the room was silent. A few meters outside the house was covered with blood, and the blood in the house didn't reach the vamp, so Dong Zhentang had to spread a thick layer of sand on it to clean up the martyr's body. But none of the remains are complete. The roof, the walls and the ground are full of martyrs' blood, bits and pieces of flesh and blood! Although most of our soldiers and civilians were surrounded, the losses were extremely heavy. First, nearly a thousand people were killed, especially many leading cadres. Among the victims were Chen Ming, Hans, deputy director and secretary general of the Provincial War Union. International friends Xi Pei, 1 15 Division Minister Wang Liren, Executive Director of the Provincial Women's Federation and Sister Group Instructor Lei Zhen, Propaganda Minister of the Provincial Anti-Japanese Association Zhao Binggu, Political Commissar Liu Huidong of the Second Brigade of the First Branch of the Anti-Japanese University, and Political Commissar Liu Qing of the Third Regiment directly under the Luzhong Military Region. Li Lin, the organization minister of Shandong Branch, was seriously injured. Zhu, deputy director of the provincial wartime trade union and president of Shandong Public School, was injured and captured, and most of them were killed. Li Chengzhi was taken to Japan and suffered a lot. It was not until the spring of 1943 that he returned to the liberated areas. Second, in order to cover the breakthrough of government personnel, more than 300 students died in Kangda University, all of whom were platoon leaders at battalion level. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the ratio of cadres and soldiers sacrificed by the Eighth Route Army in Shandong Province was about 1:5, while Daqingshan sacrificed so many cadres at one time, and the loss was unimaginable.
Shortly after the Japanese army surrounded Daqingshan, it again surrounded Mengshan for the second time, and conducted a "carpet-like" search for the mountain with multiple columns.
There is no valley that cannot be searched, and there is no hill that cannot be reached. Mrs. Chen Ming Xin Rui, head of the provincial sister troupe and deputy director of the provincial wartime trade union, who was recuperating in Huohongyu, passed away. 194 1 65438+on February 4th, the Japanese army attacked the 9th and 12 companies of 2nd Battalion, 4th Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Shandong Column in Li Qian Village, the east of Mengyin County. They fought with the Japanese army many times and wiped out more than 300 enemies, but 164 people all died except four who broke through and four who were rescued by the injured people. On the same day, Japanese troops attacked a team directly under 1 15 Division, Mengshan Team, Mengshan Working Committee, Feidong County authorities, Tamia Liu, political commissar of Mengshan Team, and Gan Lu, propaganda minister of Mengshan Working Committee. On the 8 th, the Japanese army surrounded Sujiagu in Pingyi County, and the third regiment of the first brigade of Shandong Column was transferred to cover the Party School of Shandong Branch. Nearly 200 people, including Chen Xiaofeng, director of the political department of the regiment, died. 10 that night, the Shandong Column Command, which had just returned to Yimeng from Binhai, moved to Gaohu from the north of Yinan levee. On the way, he was repeatedly attacked by the enemy, and 22 cadres and soldiers, including Liu Zichao, the propaganda minister of the column, died.
During the anti-mopping-up, the Japanese pursued a seriously injured Eighth Route Army soldier. Ming Deying, a deaf-mute woman in Henghe Village, yinan county, tactfully hid the injured man and saved him with her own milk. After that, she treated the wound for the wounded, sent water and meals, and let the wounded recover quickly and return to the team. Thus, Ming Deying became the representative of "Yimeng red sister-in-law".
In order to commemorate the breakout battle of Daqingshan and the martyrs who died in this battle, the anti-Japanese democratic government of Feidong County established the Daqingshan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery in Dongsuozhuang on 1944.