The following information is for reference only;

1. Preparation of container and basin soil

A container

Available containers are clay pots, clay pots, purple sand pots, wooden pots, plastic flower pots, etc. , can be selected according to conditions. Potted grapes can be planted in containers with a diameter of about 20-25 cm in the first year, and in containers with a diameter of 30-40 cm after 2-3 years. It can be determined according to the production capacity and site space.

Prepare two pots of soil

1, basin soil requirements

Loose, fertile loam rich in organic matter and calcium is needed. Can also be based on local conditions, choose a wide source, low cost, no pests and diseases, pollution-free culture materials. Commonly used materials are humus soil, peat soil, pastoral soil, sand and gravel, bone meal, puffed chicken manure and so on.

2, pot soil preparation and disinfection

The commonly used formulas are: ① 4 parts humus soil, 3 parts garden soil, 3 parts coarse sand and 0.5 part bone meal; ② 7 parts of pastoral soil, 2 parts of coarse sand (or slag), 0 part of expanded chicken manure/kloc-0, and 0.5 part of bone meal. After mixing the pot soil, spray it evenly with 0. 1% formalin solution (500ml per cubic pot soil). Then sealed with plastic film, fumigated for one day and night, peeled off the film, aired for 3-4 days, and then potted for later use.

Second, suitable varieties.

Grape varieties available for potted plants include Kyoho, Jingya, Jingchao, Yidoujin, Heiaolin, Jingyu, Fenghuang 5 1, Dilava, 861,86 12, Zizhenxiang, American Black Grape, etc.

Third, the replacement of basin soil

After the flowerpot is selected, it is best to soak it in 1% bleaching powder water for 5 minutes, take it out and dry it, and put it in sterilized culture soil. Seedlings for potted grapes can be directly cut with cuttings in flowerpots and cultivated into seedlings. When cutting, it is best to insert 2 cuttings in each pot for easy selection and retention, and always keep the pot soil moist. Grape plants of 1-3 years old can also be transplanted with soil before germination. When transplanting, plant branches and vines should be pruned again. Generally, strong branches and vines of 1-3 are selected. In the year of transplanting, the key point is to restore the tree, cultivate the tree shape, lay a good foundation, and not bear fruit for the time being.

After the plants grow in the pot for 1-2 years, the original container space can no longer meet the requirements of root growth and development, and the nutrients in the pot soil gradually decrease. Therefore, the container needs to be changed from small to large or the basin soil needs to be replaced. This work is generally carried out at the end of the dormancy period and before the growth begins. When changing pots or soil, some dead roots should be cut off and watered immediately after changing, so as to facilitate the plant to resume growth.

Fourth, plastic surgery.

Generally speaking, there are two kinds of potted grape shaping:

Unipolar shape

Suitable for medium and small potted plants. In the year of planting, erect a bamboo pole or No.8 iron wire in the center of the pot, and the height is about1m. After the new buds germinate, select strong new buds as main vines, pull them onto bamboo poles, and pick the core when they grow to 80-90 cm. After that, leave 1-2 leaves to grow except the top secondary buds. In winter, mature branches and vines can be cut off by 50cm. After germination in the second year, leave 3-5 strong new buds on the main vine, and the remaining buds should be erased in time. When pruning in winter, 2-3 buds are reserved for each new shoot as the bearing mother branch for pruning. After germination in the third year, each bearing mother branch leaves 1-2 new shoots, and then it is chopped every year.

Two fan-shaped

In the winter of the planting year, the cuttings with new shoots over 60cm are left as the trunk, and in the following year, a new shoot is left every 10- 15 cm, and the cuttings in winter are the fruiting mother branches with 1-3 buds. In the third year, 1-2 fruiting branches are left on each fruiting mother branch, and the new shoots and new ears are evenly distributed in the second year.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) fertilizer and water management

fertilize the soil or land

The fertilization principle of potted grapes is to apply less frequently. Generally, potted seedlings that have not yet borne fruit start from the height of about 20cm (that is, 6-7 leaves), and apply cake fertilizer every 7- 10 days until the end of September. In order to ensure the requirements of fruit development, it is best to apply 1 time every 5 days for potted grapes that have already borne fruit. After the fruit is harvested, it should be applied according to the pot seedlings. Pay attention to watering immediately after applying liquid fertilizer every time. You can also spray 0. 1%-0.3% urea solution 2-3 times in the early growth stage of potted grapes for foliar fertilization; 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 3-4 times every 7- 10 day from the fruit expansion stage.

Second, water.

When watering, the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature, and it should be watered before 10 in the morning and after 4 pm; The water quality is good, and the watering frequency depends on the season. Generally, the temperature is low in early spring, so it can be watered once every 2-3 days. With the increase of temperature, the evaporation increases, and water can be poured once every 1-2 days. After the temperature gradually decreases in autumn, the watering frequency gradually decreases, so it is appropriate to wet the basin soil.

Six, pest control

Potted grapes have few pests, and the focus is on diseases. Common diseases include downy mildew, white rot, anthracnose and black pox.

Grapes can be sprayed with 3-5 Baume sulfur mixture during dormancy, and 10- 15 days after germination can be sprayed with 1 times 1 times 1: 0.5: 200 times bordeaux solution or 500 times compound carbendazim solution, which can prevent and control general diseases.

Seven, overwintering management

Overwintering management is mainly to prevent freezing injury and drainage of potted grapes. The following protection measures can be selected according to local conditions: after pruning potted grapes in winter, remove the pot holder, pour enough water, dig ditches or pits for burial, the burial depth can be 30-50 cm from the ground, or it can be placed in corridors or balconies to cover the winter. No matter where you put it, you should pay attention to check the soil and keep it moist. The appropriate temperature is 0-5℃.