What are the methods of plane processing? How to choose?

The main plane processing methods include turning, milling, planing, broaching and grinding.

1. Turning method

That is, lathe processing, which is a part of mechanical processing. Lathe processing mainly uses turning tools to turn rotating workpieces. Drills, reamers, reamers, taps, die and knurling tools can also be used on lathes for corresponding processing. Lathes are mainly used to process shafts, discs, sleeves and other workpieces with rotating surfaces. They are the most widely used type of machine tool processing in machinery manufacturing and repair factories.

2. Milling method

Milling is one of the main methods of plane processing. In addition, milling is also suitable for processing step surfaces, grooves, various complex shaped forming surfaces (such as gears, threads, etc.), and is also used for rotary body surfaces, inner holes and cutting processing.

Milling is a machining method that uses a milling cutter as a tool to process the surface of an object. Milling machines include horizontal milling machines, vertical milling machines, gantry milling machines, copying milling machines, universal milling machines, and bar milling machines.

The method of using a cylindrical milling cutter to process a flat surface is called circumferential milling.

The method of using a face milling cutter to process a flat surface is called end milling.

The circumferential milling method has two milling methods: up-cut milling and down-cut milling. When the angle between the main movement direction of the milling cutter and the feed movement direction is an acute angle, it is called up-cut milling. When it is an obtuse angle, it is called down milling. Milling can be divided into three different milling methods: symmetrical milling, asymmetrical up-milling and asymmetrical down-milling according to the relative positions of the milling cutter and the workpiece.

3. Planing method

Planning can be carried out on a bull-head planer or a gantry planer. The main movement of planing is variable-speed reciprocating linear motion. Because there is inertia during speed change, the increase in cutting speed is limited, and there is no cutting during the return stroke, so the production efficiency of planing processing is low.

The machine tools and cutting tools required for planing are simple in structure, easy to manufacture and install, easy to adjust, and have strong versatility. Therefore, it is widely used in single-piece and small-batch production, especially when processing narrow and long planes.

4. Broaching method

Broaching refers to using a special broach to cut a very thin metal layer from the workpiece tooth by tooth, so that the surface can achieve high dimensional accuracy. and lower roughness, which is a highly efficient processing method.

During broaching, the broach cuts and shapes the surface to be processed at one time, so the broaching machine only has main movement and no feed movement. The chips of broaching are thin and the cutting motion is smooth, so it has higher machining accuracy and smaller surface structure value.

5. Grinding method

Grinding processing belongs to finishing processing in mechanical processing (machining is divided into rough processing, finishing processing, heat treatment and other processing methods), and the processing amount is small. High precision.

It is widely used in the machinery manufacturing industry. Heat-treated and quenched carbon tool steel and carburized and quenched steel parts often have a large number of relatively regular arrangements on the surface that is basically perpendicular to the grinding direction during grinding. Cracks - grinding cracks, which not only affect the appearance of the parts, but more importantly, directly affect the quality of the parts.

The influencing factors for the selection of plane processing are mainly based on the following:

1. Surface roughness

2. Surface shape and position accuracy

< p>3. Machining performance of the workpiece material

4. Shape and structural characteristics of the workpiece

5. Existing equipment in the factory

Extended information

The technical requirements for plane processing mainly include two aspects:

1. The shape accuracy of the plane

2. The position accuracy of the plane

Commonly used The rough processing method: milling plane, planing plane

The most commonly used finishing method: grinding plane