Horsehead stringed instrument
Enkh is a professional piano producer with nearly 20 years of piano production experience. He studied Ma Touqin's vocal principles and sculpture art for many years, and accumulated rich piano making and tuning techniques. Ma Touqin made by him has fine workmanship, mellow voice and real grassland style, which is suitable for performing in various places. His Ma Touqin has been sold at home and abroad, winning the favor of users. He has collected all kinds of Ma Touqin textbooks, playing methods and Ma Touqin music scores for many years, which provides users or beginners in Ma Touqin with convenient conditions to learn Ma Touqin.
Among the hundred gardens of Mongolian national music culture, Ma Touqin is outstanding and dazzling. When you come into contact with Ma Touqin who is affectionate and euphemistic, you will naturally be attracted by her pure timbre and grassland customs, and realize the hardworking and simple character of Mongolian people.
Ma Touqin is called "Molinhur" by Mongolians and is a representative musical instrument of Mongolians. Ma Touqin also has the characteristics of fine structure and convenient carrying: a proud horse's head stands upright above, a slender piano rod is connected with a trapezoidal resonance box, the horse's head is separated from the left and right by two chords, the two chords are tightened, and the bow is separated from the piano body. Seen from the front, this piano looks like a deformed bust of a horse. Ma Touqin's timbre is simple and rich, very close to human voice. Play in a sitting position with a box between your legs. In the early days, Ma Touqin mainly played epic rap and accompanied by folk songs. A folk song is a Ma Touqin song, which can be played harmoniously through people's voices, especially when combined with Mongolian "Urtulu" (i.e. long-tune folk songs), and has the charm of grassland culture. With the development of society, Ma Touqin entered the art palace.
Lusheng is the main musical instrument of Miao nationality, which is made of bamboo and varies in size. Lusheng is an ancient Lusheng musical instrument, there are about two kinds.
It has a history of more than 1000 years and is popular among southern ethnic minorities, among which Miao and Dong are the most prosperous. Although Lusheng evolved from Hulusheng,
Come, but the shape is not similar to sheng, it is composed of sheng bucket, sheng tube, reed and * * * speaker. Cunninghamia lanceolata or Platanus acerifolia are sacred beans.
It is made by hollowing out, with a long body, air holes at the thin end and holes for installing the whole tube in the middle. Traditional Lusheng only has a sheng tube.
A total of 6 pieces, made of different lengths of bamboo, are vertically inserted into * * * speakers in two rows. There are 1 sound pressure holes on each empty pipe near the sheng bucket, a sound outlet hole is opened at the upper end of the pipe, and a copper spring is embedded in the sheng pipe inserted into the * * * sound box. When playing, air enters from the mouthpiece, vibrates the reed, and presses the hole with your finger to make sound. The timbre is clear and pleasant, with both the timbre of spring and pipe, which is close to the timbre of western water pipe instruments to some extent. The obvious difference between Lusheng, Shengsheng and Hulusheng is that the sound hole at the upper end of the sheng tube is covered with a bamboo horn or trumpet, or folded into a triangular trumpet with bamboo pieces, which plays a good role in sound production, making the volume loud, loud and beautiful.
Hulusi and Bawu are both national musical instruments in Yunnan. Hulusi has a long history and its origin can be traced back to.
In the pre-Qin era, it evolved from Hulusheng. This structure still maintains the tradition of ancient musical instruments. The number of flutes is the same as that of three flutes, the two auxiliary flutes are exactly the same as those of the ancient flute, and there is no sound hole, while the continuous fifth interval is vivid with the "multi-voice harmony" of the ancient flute. However, its choreography opened seven sound holes, which was very close to the flute of later generations, showing its leap in history. Huluxiao is often used to play folk songs and other folk tunes, which is most suitable for playing.
Music or dance music with smooth melody generally has many long notes, rich chorus and soft and harmonious music, which can better express the thoughts and feelings of the players. Among them, six cucurbits can play single-tone, double-tone, single-tone melody with extension and two harmony melodies with extension. It not only maintains the unique timbre and style of the original instrument, but also increases the volume, expands the range and enriches the timbre and expressive force.
Sanxian originated from ancient stringed instruments and was the main accompaniment instrument of Yuanqu in Yuan Dynasty. The structure of Sanxian is relatively simple and can be divided into
Head, stem and drum are composed of head, string, mountain pass, stem, drum stand, membrane, horse and string, and some of them are equipped with shifting mountain pass. The piano head is mostly shovel-shaped, which is the decorative part of the three strings, and is generally embedded with bone flowers or carved flowers.
Decorative, with a chord groove in the middle, a chord hole at the edge of the groove, and three chords on both sides of the piano head. The piano rod is a semi-circular cylinder, and the smooth surface is a fingerboard with three strings. The upper end is stuck with a mountain pass, and the lower end is square and inserted into the drum, with the three strings being the most obvious.
The characteristic of this book is that the piano has no character. Qin drum, also called drum or drum head, is a three-stringed * * * sounding box with an oval drum frame and embroidered leather on both sides (there are also wooden boards, Japanese cat skin, called Sanwei Line). Qin Ma put it in the center of python skin. The strings are made of silk, from
The treble string starts from the outer string, the middle string and the inner string. The outer string uses the auxiliary string, the middle string uses the second string, and the inner string uses the old string. One end of the string is tied to the diamond-shaped wooden shell under the drum, and the other end is wound around the three string shafts respectively. In recent years, nylon steel wire strings have been used in Sanxian.
Dombrat
Kazakhs play musical instruments, mainly Dombrat, Cheretil, Sazi, Jetgen and Picric.
Dongbula is the most popular traditional musical instrument of Kazak people. There are many kinds of Dongbula, mostly made of whole pine or birch, which are finely carved and beautifully inlaid. In the form of Dongbula, a trumpet is triangular, Kazakhstan is named after Abayi, a great poet in modern times, and a trumpet is oval, named after Aken Zambur, a Kazakh folk, and called "Zambur Dongbula". These two kinds of winter Bula have different appearances. In addition, due to the differences in Kazak history, region, tribe, cultural psychology and living customs, there are other forms of Dongbula among the people. According to incomplete statistics, there are about a dozen varieties.
The reed-less whistle instrument "Tuliang" is also called "Tuowei".
Popular in Dehong Prefecture. It is made of something about 45 centimeters long.
It is also useful to make a thin bamboo tube with a square blowing hole in the middle.
Two or three sections of bamboo tubes are sleeved together.
When playing, the left thumb is placed at the left nozzle and the right palm is placed.
Set the nozzle, and do all kinds of stuffy combinations and cooperation with both hands.
With the change of blowing strength, you can blow more than two octaves.
Sound. Mostly used for solo or folk group dance accompaniment. musical creation
Such as "Harvest Song" and "Tits Singing". Most of them are envoys of Jingpo nationality.
Use.
Many people have eaten snails, and many people relish snails. But have you ever heard the sound and sweet rhythm of a snail flute made of snail shells?
The snail flute, originally a children's toy belonging to the Zhuang nationality in Jingxi, has been displayed in the Jingxi National Museum for many years, but it was not until two years ago that the imitation snail flute of the Zhuang nationality was excavated. From June 5 to 10, 2002, Jingxi County organized the Zhuang Museum and local folk artists. After a period of hard exploration, a lot of planning and improvement work, such as multi-test styles, multi-test varieties and multi-test sound quality, the mother-of-pearl with rich timbre and beautiful rhythm was trial-produced.
The onomatopoeic word Luodi of Zhuang nationality has a long history in Jingxi and other places, but it has not attracted people's attention for many years. The method of making snail flute is very simple. Just choose a big snail, cut off the tail tip as a sound hole, remove the inner meat, open a flute hole about 2 cm away from the big mouth, and stick a flute membrane. When playing, the mouth sticks to the flute mouth, simulating the tune of the song to sing, and the sound vibrates through the flute membrane and becomes the flute sound coming out of the sound hole. The sound quality is both like bass and wind instruments. The mother-of-pearl can play folk tunes, Zhuang opera, five-lun tunes and so on, and the timbre is better when it is matched with Ma Guhu, Huluhu and Huluqin of Zhuang nationality.
River snail flute? In fact, it is an original ecological national folk culture that exudes the fragrance of earth. In July, 20001,a Korean folk culture delegation went to Jingxi, and also specially discussed and exchanged folk culture such as snail flute and gourd Hu. From June 5 to 10, 2002, Mao Zedong's daughter-in-law General Shao Hua visited the west of Beijing and took photos of the snail flute, which was published in the Beijing media and aroused widespread concern.
Through the mellow rhythm of the flute, we deeply appreciate the profoundness and profound connotation of Zhuang folk culture.
Spielberg is an ancient wind instrument of Kazak nationality. Its predecessor was made of "a grass in Wen Cong" (similar to reed) growing on the grassland, and now it is mostly supported by pine trees. Spas's forehead is hollow, there is no spring, there are three, four or five holes in the tube, thin wire is tied outside the tube, and some of them are covered with a wooden flute for protecting sheep intestines. When playing, put the mouthpiece in your mouth, block most of the mouthpiece with the tip of your tongue, and leave a small mouth as the mouthpiece. When the instrument sounds, it emits a continuous bass from the throat, forming two parts. Music is mostly composed of five notes, the rhythm is free, the treble is controlled by breath, and overtones can be played. Its volume is very low and its tone is soft. Because there are no fixed specifications for musical instruments, the range is generally f 1-b2. When some herders play on the quiet grassland, they often attract deer from far away and listen to the performances of the stalls. They slowly left when they found that their partner was not calling them. The Irtysh River written by Kazakhs describes the natural scenery of the Irtysh River and is a representative solo of Baise people.
The historical shakuhachi is an ancient wind instrument in China. It comes from bamboo and is one foot eight inches long. It was quite popular during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but it was rarely used after the Song Dynasty. & gt& gt
Shakuhachi spread eastward to Japan during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
1300 years ago, shakuhachi spread to Japan.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Japanese sent envoys to China many times, and many Chinese musical instruments also spread to Japan.
According to Sun Yicheng, deputy research librarian of Zhejiang International Cultural Exchange Association, Japanese shakuhachi originated in Hangzhou, China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, a famous Japanese monk Juexin came to Wang Ren Temple in Hangzhou, China to study. During this period, he learned the skills of playing shakuhachi from Zhang Shen, who is also a layman, and brought shakuhachi and his songs "Virtual Bell" and "Void" back to China. Later, Xinjue founded the popularization teaching and taught the technique of "shakuhachi", so he called the shakuhachi he taught himself "popularized shakuhachi". The former site of the Temple for Protecting the King, which is still preserved in the campus of Zhejiang Art School, is the ancestral home of the Japanese "Shohachi".
The shakuhachi, which was first introduced to Japan, was only used in court elegant music and was called "the ancient shakuhachi". It is often used as a plaything by dignitaries, so it is also called "Yachi Eight". It is said that Shoto Kutaishi, a Japanese, especially likes shakuhachi. The shakuhachi he used in China at that time is still in Horyuji, Nara.
There are also eight shakuhachi handed down from the Tang Dynasty in the Masakura Yard of Nara Toda Temple. One of the sculptures is a foot eight, 43.7 cm long, with an opening at the upper end of the tube and a hole behind five holes in front of the tube. The edge of each sound hole has a circular pattern. It is beautifully made, engraved with patterns and ladies. The first hole is engraved with two women, one bent over to pick flowers and the other stood behind to make sleeves. In a hole in the back, a woman stood with a fan in her hand, and another woman sat playing the pipa. The rest are decorated with Hua Niaowen. In addition, there are jade shakuhachi, tooth shakuhachi, stone shakuhachi and birch tape measure. Suzhou No.1 National Musical Instrument Factory once carved a shakuhachi.
187 1 year later, "Puhua shakuhachi" spread among the people. At present, the shakuhachi used in Japan is evolved from the universal shakuhachi, and its length is unlimited. Generally, there are three sections and five holes (the first four are behind 1) without membrane holes. It is the main folk wind instrument in Japan, which can play both classical music and modern music. He often cooperates with Zheng and Sanweixian, and even cooperates with western orchestras and electronic organs.
In addition, it was introduced into Japan from China.
In the 1970s, American kaizan introduced shakuhachi from Japan to the United States.
Introduction of Dong Di Dong Di is a unique folk musical instrument of Dong nationality. Its shape is similar to that of Dong Xiao. Its mouthpiece is equipped with a reed, which blows vertically. Its timbre is beautiful and melodious, full of Shan Ye flavor. It is often used for solo or accompaniment to singing. Widely popular in Dong areas.
Dong flute: a unique folk musical instrument of the Dong nationality, which is called "Jaeger" or "Giggs" in Dong language. The shape is similar to that of Dong Xiao. The mouthpiece is equipped with reeds, which blow vertically, and the timbre is beautiful and melodious, which can not only express euphemistic sentiment, but also play a warm and jubilant melody. Rich in Shan Ye flavor, it is often used for solo or singing accompaniment. It is popular in the Dong people's inhabited areas at the junction of Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan, with Liping, Rongjiang and Congjiang in Guizhou Province being the most popular.
In primitive society, there were many kinds of utensils. The pottery pier of Hemudu site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province is oval, with only air holes and no sound holes, about 7000 years ago. Tao Di in Yangshao Cultural Site, banpo village, Xi, Shaanxi, looks like an olive with only one air hole. It is made of fine mud, which is one of the original forms of graves about 6000 years ago. Three pottery pots were unearthed from Jingcun Site in Wanrong County, Shanxi Province. One pottery pot has two sound holes (illustrations of China Music History Ⅰ-22 to Ⅰ-26). Neolithic pottery was found in Yaoguanzhuang in Weifang, Guandong in Yuanqu, fengcun in Yuanqu, Yijing Village in Taiyuan, Dahe Village in Zhengzhou, Henan, Wang Yang Temple Site in Anhui and Dadunzi Site in Pixian, Jiangsu, belonging to different primitive cultural regions.
Clay with pure soil and no sand and gravel impurities should be used to make pottery pots, and the color can be any red, yellow or black soil. Add clear water into clay, stir and knead repeatedly to make a mud block with moderate hardness, and then knead, shape, slice, polish and calcine it. Professor Cao Zheng of China Conservatory of Music has accumulated rich experience in making antique pottery urns since 1930s. From 1979, Professor Chen Zhong of Tianjin Conservatory of Music developed a nine-hole pottery urn.
Du Ciwen, the Central National Orchestra, went to the United States with the delegation to attend the 23rd Olympic Art Festival 1984, and then performed his solo works "Chu Ge", "Tang Le" and "Feng" in Spain, West Germany and other countries. Zhao Liangshan played the role of "Eight-tone ensemble" in Dancing with the Bell, which was well received. Nine-hole purple sand pottery has been widely used in national bands.
Color smile
Insert the flute, the Miao people breathe and play musical instruments. The Miao language is called Zhan Jia, which means a bamboo tube with a cork. Han people call it playing the flute. It flows through Xingyi and Anlong in Guizhou Province, Longlin, Xilin and Napo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Miao areas at the junction of Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces such as Guangnan and Funing in Yunnan Province.
The pipe is made of bamboo, and most of the bamboo is the local Miao people-it's called biting the chest bamboo. This kind of bamboo is thin in diameter and slender in bamboo joints, which is a good material for making flutes. The length of the tube is generally 42 cm, with no joint in the middle and transparent at both ends. The outer diameter of the upper nozzle is 2. 1 cm and the inner diameter is 1.5 cm, while the outer diameter of the lower nozzle is 1.7 cm and the inner diameter is 1.3 cm. When making, insert a cork with a length of 2.6 cm and a diameter of 1.5 cm into the upper opening and cut off one side. Corks are mostly made of Chinese fir or paulownia, and the texture of the cork should be consistent with that of the bamboo tube. Split one side of the cork (65438+ 0/4 arc surface of the circumference) along the wood grain, and then plug it into the back of the pipe head. The split part and the inner wall of the bamboo tube form a half-moon air inlet channel. A rectangular sounding whistle hole with a length of 1. 1 cm and a width of 0.6 cm is opened at the rear wall of the airway 3.7 cm away from the upper nozzle, and the lower part of the hole is trimmed into an inward inclined slope as a gas distribution valve. There are six circular sound-pressing holes in the middle and lower part of the front end of the pipe, the first hole is 5.8 cm away from the lower end of the pipe, the sixth hole is opened at12 from the sound hole to the first hole, and the second, third, fourth and fifth holes are opened between the first hole and the sixth hole, and the sound-pressing holes are equally spaced.
When playing, the tube is vertical, the ring finger, middle finger and forefinger of the right hand press the first, second and third holes, and the ring finger, middle finger and forefinger of the left hand press the fourth, fifth and sixth holes. The mouth contains the pipe head, and the airflow enters the sound hole from the air passage, and part of it is blocked into the pipe by the slope valve, which makes the air column in the pipe vibrate, and changes the length of the air column according to the hole to produce high and low voices. There are flat blowing and overblowing, and the range is B-F3. Flat-blown timbre is soft and elegant, while super-blown timbre is clean and bright. A few notes above c3 are difficult to play. Commonly used are sliding and other styles of play. Used for solo, the music played is all from folk songs, but there is no fixed tune, only far and near tones. Far tune is played for lovers far away, with a high starting tone and crisp and melodious timbre; The near tune is for lovers around you, with a low starting tone and a soft and euphemistic tone. There are two kinds of near sounds: five-finger sound and six-finger sound. The former is to hold down the third hole and use the other five fingers to open and close the sound hole for pronunciation, which has a wider range; The latter uses all six fingers, and the range is only twelve degrees. Every flute-plug music contains a certain literal meaning and has a unique and perfect artistic conception.
Sedi is one of the commonly used musical instruments in the social and love life of Miao young men and women, and it is mostly played by young men. Because of different luck, fingering and playing music, each young person's performance has its own characteristics. Even in the middle of the night, when they are far apart, the girl can hear from her lover's faint distant flute that he is sighing alone, or blaming himself for not keeping the appointment, or calling himself to meet quickly. When two lovers in love snuggle together, the low and euphemistic sound of the near-tune flute makes them inseparable and affectionate. From the first day of the first lunar month to the eighth day of the first lunar month, playing the flute became a good opportunity for the little boys to show their talents at the grand slope jumping festival of the Miao nationality. One by one in high spirits, complaining. Not only boys compete with each other, but also girls. Many happy marriages started here. ?
[Small flute] The Miao people take a breath and play musical instruments. Popular in Xingyi and Anlong in Guizhou Province, Longlin, Xilin and Napo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangnan and Funing in Yunnan Province.
The pipe is made of bamboo and has the same appearance as a flute. The length of the tube is 24 cm, the outer diameter of the upper opening is 1.6 cm, the inner diameter is 1. 1 cm, the outer diameter of the lower opening is 1.4 cm, and the inner diameter is 0.9cm.. A cork is built into the nozzle at the upper end, and a rectangular sound whistle hole is opened at a position 3. 1 cm below the air duct at the back of the pipe body. There are six sound pressure holes on the front of the pipe body, and the first hole is 3.3 cm away from the lower opening. The sixth hole is opened at 1/2 from the sound emission hole to the first hole, and the second to fifth holes are equidistant between the first hole and the sixth hole.
When playing, blow vertically, press the third hole with your right hand and the third hole with your left hand. Flat blowing or over blowing, range g? 1—g？ 3。 The sound of flat blowing is crisp and whistled, while the sound of over blowing is sharp. Used in the social and love life of young men and women, mostly played by men.
The Miao people take a breath and play musical instruments. Popular in the vast areas adjacent to Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces. ?
The pipe body is made of bamboo and has the same appearance as the flute. The length of the tube is 68 cm, the upper opening has an outer diameter of 3.6 cm, the inner diameter of 3 cm, and the lower opening has an outer diameter of 3. 1 cm and an inner diameter of 2.5 cm. A cork is built into the nozzle at the upper end, and a rectangular sound whistle hole is opened below the air duct at the back of the pipe body, 5 cm away from the upper end. There are six sound pressure holes on the front of the pipe body, and the first hole is 10 cm away from the lower opening. The sixth hole is opened 1/2 from the pronunciation hole to the first hole, and the second to fifth holes are equidistant between the first hole and the sixth hole.
When playing, blow vertically, press the third hole with your right hand and the third hole with your left hand. Flat blowing or over blowing, range G-D? 3。 The flat-blown timbre is deep and vigorous, and the super-blown timbre is sweet and mellow, with strong expressive force, and is good at playing beautiful and lyrical tunes. Used in the social and love life of young men and women, mostly played by men.
Sister Xiao, also known as Xiaosuona and Mimi, is a sister flower of the wonderful national flower. Miao language: "Zhandexi", "Libu" and Buyi language: "Bule Wailian", which is the main musical instrument of Miao and Buyi compatriots in Huaxi, is the most important tool for young men and women to convey their love when they are in love.
Sister Xiao's tunes are rich and beautiful, which can be roughly divided into three types: first, they evolved from folk suona tunes and spread widely; The third is the original song of my sister's flute. Among them, there are three most representative songs, which fully show the joy of reunion of sisters at their parents' home after a long separation.
There are many touching legends about the origin of the name "Sister Xiao". A long time ago, there lived a poor family on a high mountain. Both husband and wife are over 500 years old, and there are still no men around, but they have given birth to seven smart girls as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade. Neighbors call them the "Seven Fairies". Although their family is poor, the filial piety and diligence of their seven daughters make the life of a family of nine interesting. Seven Sisters not only learned to spin, but also did housework. Seven Sisters also has a good voice, and his songs are sweet and beautiful, which makes young people admire him. One spring, Seven Sisters was spinning sizing yarn upstairs. They put the sizing on the bamboo pole and dried it with golden bamboo cut from the mountain. The thick fragrance of bamboo pulp and sizing attracted wild bees on the mountain. The wild bees drilled a golden bamboo into another small hole and settled down in the bamboo tube. One day, Seven Sisters was busy embroidering, and a gentle breeze blew slowly, and at the same time there were waves of sweet music from upstairs. They thought it was a young man from another village who quietly went upstairs to play the flute and courted them. When they went upstairs, they saw no one upstairs. After careful examination, Seven Sisters found that the music was coming from the bee hole on the golden bamboo. This discovery inspired the shrewd Seven Sisters. She said, "Sisters, why don't we go up the mountain and cut some of the best golden bamboos and make them into a musical instrument to play?" Doesn't this eliminate our loneliness and increase our happiness? " . Seven Sisters's proposal was approved by the six sisters. They went to cut the golden bamboo and made seven musical instruments according to their own ideas. At first glance, Seven Sisters made the same musical instrument and played the same sound. They feel very monotonous. Later, or seven younger sister have calculation, she said; "We are Seven Sisters. Why don't we drill seven holes in the bamboo pole, and each hole represents each of us? In this way, the more holes there are, the more sounds there will be, and it will be nice. " In this way, she made a seven-hole flute, which can make many sounds at a time. It is very beautiful. This is my sister's proposal: "In order to show the unity and wisdom of Seven Sisters, choose two best ones to represent our Seven Sisters, indicating that our sisters will never be separated."
When the instrument is finished, what name to take has become a topic of discussion. There has been no consensus on this and that for some time. Later, they invited the descendants of the village to help them name them. Some said that this instrument was made by the Seven Fairies, and it should be called Fairy Xiao. Others said Fairy Xiao was not pleasant to listen to, and suggested that it be called Beauty Xiao. At this time, my father, who was born on one side, said to everyone, "In my opinion, it is best to call it Sister Xiao, because it is like Xiao, and it was conceived and made by you in Seven Sisters. It is more meaningful to call this name. " Since then, people have called this instrument the sister flute. This instrument has become the most representative instrument of Miao and Buyi compatriots. It is said that the three main melodies were composed by Seven Sisters.
To truly trace the history and clan of Sister Xiao, it should be the northern Qiang nationality in the Han Dynasty (about 77 BC-37 BC). Because this instrument comes from the Qiang nationality, it is called Qiangdi. Wang Zhihuan, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a quatrain, "Why should the Qiangdi complain about the willow?". Spring breeze is not about Yumen Pass. The Qiang flute referred to in the poem is the folk sister flute circulating today. Qiangdi, which is circulating in northwest Sichuan today, is exactly the same as its sister flute in Guizhou in terms of shape, volume, music melody and playing method. Does this mean that the Qiang people in Sichuan are related to the Buyi and Miao people in central and western Guizhou?
Sister Xiao, a Miao and Buyi musical instrument, occupies a place in the family of national musical instruments in China. In the classification of ancient musical instruments, the ancients divided them into the fourth category (bamboo) among the eight categories of musical instruments in China. In modern times, national musicians divided it into the first of three categories of national musical instruments in China (wind music); In today's classification of national musical instruments, national music research experts divide them into the third of the four categories of national musical instruments in China. No matter what category musicians put it into, Sister Xiao is really a wonderful flower in China's national musical instruments and music.
Mantong is a favorite musical instrument of Miao compatriots in Danzhai, and it plays well.
The length, size and spacing of awn tubes are different. Small and medium-sized awnings are 30-70 cm long, large awnings are about 150 cm long, and the largest is 2 meters long. Its pitch is eight degrees apart in turn.
Folk awning pipes are grouped according to size, which is called awning pipe team. The large awning team consists of fifteen or twenty-one teams, which are divided into four groups: large, medium, small and minimum awning. Three to five people in each group form a Lusheng band with various Lusheng. Mango pipe strengthens the tonic with mellow and strong sustain, which makes the band sound full.
[throat]
Laryngeal throat is popular in Guangdong and Guangxi. Bamboo is pronounced with a double reed whistle. The G alto and D bassoon are commonly used in the band, and the pitch is four degrees apart. There are seven sound holes in the throat, and only eight sounds can be made, arranged in the order of seven sounds. You can play interval beats, and you should be able to play "sliding", "overlapping", "tongue" and "vibrato".
There is no voice changing device in the throat, and there is little tone change. Occasionally, it is a harmonious subordinate tone. The throat is mostly used to accompany traditional opera music, and it is also used in percussion bands in some areas. In the national orchestra, the throat is combined with other bass music, which makes the bass notes of the band heavy.
The vocal range of the throat is very narrow and its use is limited. The timbre is not easy to blend with other musical instruments, so it should be used with caution in the band.
erhu
Erhu is a famous stringed instrument in China. Its origin can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty in China in the 7th 7- 10/0th century, when it was mainly popular among ethnic minorities in the northwest. In the history of more than 1000 years, erhu has always been an accompaniment instrument of China traditional opera.
Erhu is simple in structure, with a thin wooden pole, about 80 cm long, two strings on the pole, a teacup-shaped bucket under the pole and a bow made of ponytail. When playing erhu, the pianist takes a sitting position, holding the piano in his left hand and the bow in his right hand. The range of erhu can reach three octaves. The music produced by erhu is expressive, close to the timbre of human voice and becomes a singing instrument, so some people call it "Chinese violin". Because the timbre of erhu sounds slightly sad, it is good at expressing deep affection.
After 1949, the production, reform and performance art of erhu have been developed. It can be solo, accompanied by song and dance, vocal music, opera and rap music. In China National Orchestra, erhu is the main musical instrument, which is similar to the role of violin in western orchestras.
Erhu is very popular in China, because it is simple to make, cheap to learn and beautiful in timbre. It is a very popular musical instrument in China.
Gaohu
Gaohu is the floorboard of "High-pitched Erhu", which was reformed on the basis of Erhu. The appearance of Gao Hu is closely related to China's folk music-Cantonese Opera.
"Yue Music" is a popular form of folk instrumental music in Guangdong, China, which originated from local drama and folk music. At first, there was no musical instrument like Gao Hu in Cantonese music. Around the 1920s, Mr. Lv Wencheng, a composer and performer of "Yueyue Music", made bold reforms on the erhu. He changed the silk strings of the traditional erhu into steel strings, improved the tuning, and played with the piano tube between his legs. This high-pitched erhu with clear timbre is called Gao Hu, and it soon became the soul instrument in "Yue Music".
The structure, manufacture and materials of Gao Hu are basically the same as those of Erhu, but the biggest difference is that the piano tube is thinner. Due to the relatively late formation of Gao Hu, musical instrument manufacturers have no worries and restrictions when transforming Gao Hu. Some musical instrument makers changed the round piano barrel in early Gao Hu into a oblate one to increase the volume. Some musical instrument manufacturers also changed the Gao Hu of two strings to three strings, expanding the musical instrument's range by five degrees.
Gaohu's timbre is crisp and sonorous, like a soprano. This feature, coupled with the rounded bass area, makes it occupy a very prominent position in the band. Therefore, China's national orchestra usually gives Gao Hu a very important seat. In addition, because Gao Hu's expressive force is particularly rich, he is suitable for playing lyrical, lively and gorgeous melodies. Therefore, it often accompanies the main melody of music in colorful ways in the band, and can modify the main melody according to emotional needs.
banhu (fiddle)
Banhu, also known as "Bangzi" and "Qinhu", came into being on the basis of Huqin with the appearance of Bangzi tune in local operas. Compared with other Huqin instruments in China, Banhu is characterized by loud volume and clear timbre. He is especially good at expressing high-pitched, passionate, passionate and fiery emotions, and also has the characteristics of elegance and delicacy.
Banhu has a history of about 300 years in China, so it is named because the piano barrel is bonded with thin boards.
At first, Banhu was mainly popular in northern China. Many local operas and quyi, such as Hebei Bangzi, Pingju, Henan Opera and Shaanxi Opera, all use Banhu as the main accompaniment instrument. Because Banhu has a deep relationship with China's opera and Quyi, he can give full play to his specialty when playing opera and Quyi music. In the accompaniment of local operas and Quyi, Banhu in different places is good at expressing their different styles and is full of unique local colors.
The structure of banhu is mostly the same as that of erhu, but there are also differences, mainly in the piano tube. The front of banhu is not covered like erhu, but is made of paulownia, which is the key to banhu's pronunciation. The timbre of Banhu is particularly crisp and loud, full of local flavor. In a band, it is often the leading string of various accompaniment instruments, and it acts as a high note in strings.
After the founding of New China, with the efforts of musicians and musical instrument makers, the production technology of Banhu has also developed greatly, and many new varieties have joined the "Banhu family". Among them, tenor banhu, tenor banhu, sanxian banhu, bamboo tube banhu and Qiang Qin banhu are all "new members" of the banhu family.
With the development of Banhu's shape, Banhu's playing skills are constantly improved, and its expressive force is more colorful. Become an indispensable characteristic instrument in Chinese national bands and a solo instrument with strong local characteristics, and accompany national operas, national songs and dances and vocal music.