Chapter 1 Introduction Learning Objectives?

1. Be familiar with the definition, purpose, technical classification, application scope, contraindications, and working principles of exercise therapy. ?

2. Understand the brief history of the development of exercise therapy, commonly used equipment and equipment for exercise therapy, and the relationship between exercise therapy and evidence-based medicine. ?

3. Master common exercise therapy assessment techniques, including: muscle strength assessment, spasticity assessment, joint mobility assessment, upper limb and hand function assessment, gait analysis, balance function assessment, and coordination assessment. Assessment, assessment of daily living activities and functional independence in exercise therapy, etc.

Overview of Section 1?

1. Basic concepts?

Apply physical factors such as force, electricity, light, sound, water and temperature to treat diseases The method is called physical therapy (PT). Among them, the method of using bare hands and the application of equipment to perform exercise training to treat injured, sick, and disabled patients, and to restore or improve functional impairment (mainly using mechanical factors in physics) is called kinesiotherapy (therapeutic exercise or movement therapy). Main part of physical therapy. Exercise therapy is a method for patients to use various exercises to treat limb dysfunction and correct abnormal movement postures. It is an important rehabilitation treatment method. In the process of implementing exercise therapy, the various methods and techniques applied are called exercise therapy techniques. With the in-depth research on the basic theories of rehabilitation medicine and the introduction of neurophysiology, exercise therapy technology has been greatly enriched and developed, forming a unique method for various motor dysfunction diseases (such as hemiplegia, cerebral palsy, paraplegia, etc.) Unique treatment technology system. In physical therapy, various physical factors such as electricity, light, sound, water, and temperature are used to treat diseases and promote patient recovery. This therapy is often called physical therapy. ?

Exercise therapy and physical therapy are both physical therapies, but they have different emphases. Internationally, in the usual physical therapy and rehabilitation work, exercise therapy accounts for the vast majority, so foreign countries often equate physical therapy with exercise therapy. Exercise therapy technology is mostly active rehabilitation treatment technology, that is, under the guidance and supervision of the therapist, the patient actively carries out exercise therapy activities, such as various exercise training, walking function training, wheelchair use training, etc.; while physiotherapy technology Rehabilitation treatment technology is considered to be passive, in which the therapist passively applies electricity, light, sound, magnetism, cold and heat and other treatments that do not require the patient's active activity. There was once a view that passive physical therapy techniques should be abandoned. This view is incomplete because passive physical therapy has been clinically proven to be an indeed effective treatment method. It is appropriate to apply warm heat and electro-optical therapy when the patient has local pain; when the limbs are paralyzed and unable to move, passive movement and massage are necessary; when there is local infection or wounds, ultraviolet and ultrashort wave treatments are effective. Therefore, the correct view should be that whether it is active or passive treatment technology, as long as it is beneficial to the patient's recovery, it should be adopted in a timely manner. ?

2. A brief history of development

In ancient times, people have recognized the important value of exercise in maintaining physical and mental health and preventing and treating diseases. More than 2000 BC, ancient Egyptian texts recorded that physical training can be combined with medical skills to treat diseases; in the 4th century BC, ancient Greek Hippocrates talked about using mineral springs, sunlight, sea water and exercise to prevent disease, keep fit and delay aging. , Keep healthy; exercise also has therapeutic value, and the methods that can be applied include walking, horse riding, fighting, breathing gymnastics, etc. ?

In the Middle Ages, European scholar Avicenna proposed that "people can strengthen their bodies through appropriate work and activities, such as exercising within an appropriate time, thereby eliminating the need for pharmacists and doctors." Scholars from many countries have also written many books advocating exercise and fitness to cure diseases. Duchesen, the royal physician to King Henry IV of England in the 17th century, pointed out that "exercise can treat many weaknesses and diseases caused by lack of exercise, and exercise can enhance physical fitness, strengthen the response to stimulation, and enhance the function of nerves and joints." Nicolas Andry even pointed out in the book "Orthopedic" that exercise therapy can help prevent the occurrence of pediatric deformities and can correct deformities. This view is consistent with the modern rehabilitation view. Tissot recommended that exercise therapy should be part of the surgeon's work and that patients should be asked to avoid prolonged bed rest to prevent complications. When treating patients with hemiplegia, it is emphasized that "the use of all remaining functions should be promoted and the weakened or suppressed brain functions should be promoted and awakened." John Hunter proposed that "muscle movement is of great value in the treatment of diseases and injuries. Compared with passive movement, active movement according to the patient's own will is more meaningful."