Temperature: Tendon flowers are thermophilic tree species. The suitable temperature range and frost-free period for growth are: the annual average temperature is 9 degrees to 16 degrees, the extreme minimum temperature is minus 25 degrees to minus 2 degrees, and the extreme maximum temperature is 38 degrees. The frost period is less than 150 days.
Light: Tentooth flowers like light. After entering the fruiting period, sufficient light conditions are needed. The number of sunshine hours throughout the year must be more than 2,000 hours to ensure the normal growth and development of Tendon flowers. If it is less than 1,000 hours, the core shell and nucleolus will be stunted. During cultivation, lighting issues must be considered from garden site selection, planting density, cultivation methods and shaping and pruning.
Soil: Soil is the base for the growth and development of all plants. The huge root system and tree body of the ten-toothed flower first require a deep soil layer (more than 1 meter) to ensure its good growth and development. It prefers loose soil and good drainage, but does not grow well on soil with high groundwater levels and heavy clay soil. It grows best on slightly alkaline soil containing calcium. The adaptable range of soil PH value is 6-8, which has an impact on growth and fruiting. Tendon flowers like fertilizer and require fertile soil and high organic matter content.
Moisture: Tendon flowers are resistant to dry air, but are sensitive to soil moisture conditions. Too dry or too wet soil is not conducive to the growth and fruiting of Tendon flowers. Therefore, soil and water conservation engineering measures need to be taken for the Ten Tooth Garden on the mountain; while drainage problems must be solved on the flat land. Improving the survival rate of planting and planting saplings are an important part of establishing a garden of Shigahua. It is also the basic work to achieve strong trees, early feeding, and high yields. The quality of planting must be ensured so that the saplings can grow strong and pass the development stage smoothly. , laying a solid foundation for increasing production.
Soil preparation:
Carry out preparation work in advance to mature the soil and increase fertility. The general land preparation specification is 80×80×80cm. After the planting hole is dug, topsoil and soil manure are mixed and filled into the bottom of the pit. The subsoil and quick-acting fertilizer are placed in the upper middle of the pit.
Seedlings:
Only high-quality seedlings can effectively utilize the cultivation conditions and achieve multiple results. The seedlings are required to be of pure variety, with complete main roots and lateral roots, free of diseases and insect pests, and strong resistance to stress. It is best to have strong seedlings that are 2-3 years old, with a height of more than one meter, a dry diameter of not less than one centimeter, and more fibrous roots to ensure survival and robust growth.
Planting techniques:
Before planting the seedlings, the damaged and rotten roots of the seedlings should be cut off, and then soaked in water for half a day, or dipped in mud to soften the root system. Absorb enough water to survive. Then make a nest in the middle of the completed pit for planting. The size of the nest depends on the planted seedlings. When planting, the seedlings should be upright and the root system should be stretched. Fill the soil in layers to make the root system evenly distributed. Approximately 20cm above ground level. The planting depth of the seedlings can be slightly greater than the depth of the original seedlings, but the grafting joint must be exposed and watered again seven days after planting. Weeding:
The main season is the period of high temperature and drought in summer. Weeds should be removed to reduce the competition between weeds and saplings for water and fertilizer. In other seasons, only plants and low-growing plants that have an impact on the growth of citrus are removed. Weeds should not be removed. Chemical herbicides are often used to control weeds: (1) Glyphosate: 100 grams (active ingredient) per acre, add 50-60 kilograms of water, use a manual sprayer, and spray evenly on the weeds. Be careful to keep the faucet as low as possible, and do not spray the liquid on the branches, leaves, and trunks of the seedlings, otherwise they will be damaged by the medicine and die. It must not rain for more than 8 hours after application to avoid reducing the effectiveness of the medicine. (2) Herbicide No. 1 0.3 kg/acre, simazine 120 g/acre, or diuron 0.2 kg/acre, etc., added with water, are all very effective.
Intercropping:
The fruiting of Tentooth flowers is late. Intercropping in the Tentooth garden will not only increase the production of oil, grain and other economic crops, but also promote the growth of Tentooth flowers and increase the yield. However, it is not suitable to plant high-stem crops. Practical experience from various places has proved that: it is suitable to intercrop melons and potatoes during the young stage of Tendon flowers; middle-aged trees can be intercropped with millet, Chinese herbal medicines and green manure plants, etc.; old trees can be intercropped with wheat and other light-loving plants. crop. Spring sown crops have higher yields and have no major impact on tree growth and development. However, fertilizer and water management must be strengthened from May to June to resolve the conflict of competition for fertilizer and water. Leave a tree disk with a diameter of more than 1 meter under the tree, and pay attention to crop rotation.
Fertilizer and water management:
Tiger flowers have high requirements for fertilizer and water. Even in a Tiger forest with thick soil layer, fertilizer and water management must be strengthened. Fertilizing four times before germination, after flower fall, during the fruit hard-core stage in early July and before the ground freezes is beneficial to germination, branch growth and flowering, and promotes fruit enlargement, full seed kernels and water-covered soil. Mainly use manure and green manure, combined with the application of compound fertilizer. Each adult tree requires about 100-200 kilograms of manure or green manure, and 50-100 kilograms of human excrement or urine. Fertilization can also be combined with crops planted between rows, especially in April and May, when the tree and crops need fertilizer. Use retting green manure between plants or directly crush the fresh branches, leaves and weeds of green manure plants and mix them with soil into the ditch. This is very effective in improving soil fertility, promoting core growth and increasing yields.
Fertilization time:
(Mainly refers to the 5 years before planting) (1) Germination fertilizer (pre-flowering fertilizer): Generally carried out from February to March, mainly applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer . (2) Stable fruit fertilizer: Apply multi-component compound fertilizer mainly from after the flowers fade to June to July. (3) Fruit-strengthening and shoot-stimulating fertilizer: Generally applied before the shoots germinate in autumn, compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers are applied together.
Methods of fertilization:
It is best to mix organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. The method is: (1) Ring method: with the trunk as the center, apply fertilizer along the crown. The trench is generally 15-20cm deep and 30-35cm wide, and is covered with soil after fertilizer is applied. (2) Strip method: Make trenches between rows of plants and apply fertilizer. (3) Radial method: With the trunk as the center, 4-6 grooves are opened outwards, and shallow grooves are opened near the trunk, gradually deepening outwards. (4) Spreading method: Spread the fertilizer evenly under the crown of the tree, and then turn it into the soil shallowly.
Promote fruiting:
In deep mountainous areas, there is a lot of rainfall and high humidity. Some branches and leaves of Hespermum angustifolia grow vigorously but do not bear fruit. People in fruiting areas resort to root cutting, digging holes in tree trunks, and chopping. , peeling blocks and other mechanical trauma methods can inhibit growth, promote flower bud differentiation and increase yield. The reason why mechanical trauma can increase production is that it partially destroys the transport channels of organic nutrients in the phloem, leaving more of them in the above-ground parts, changing the proportion of sugar and nitrogen-containing substances in the tree, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruiting.
(1) After cutting off the roots and leaves or before germination, dig up the root soil and cut off 1-2 lateral roots with a thickness of 5-15 cm at a distance of 0.6-2 meters from the root neck, allowing water to flow through the fractures and cutting off the roots. Cover with soil later.
(2) Cutting: Use a sharp ax to cut the bark at the base of the trunk every winter, reaching deep into the xylem, causing water to flow, and the yield increase effect is significant.
(3) Peeling pieces: After falling leaves, peel off 8 square centimeters of bark from the main root, and then cover it with soil. This will increase the number of fruits and improve the quality.
It should be noted that the above methods should be combined on the basis of strengthening the management of soil, fertilizer and water. If the management of soil, fertilizer and water is relaxed and mechanical damage methods are used too frequently, the tree vigor will inevitably be weakened, the tree will decline prematurely, and the tree will be damaged. Significant production reduction.
Pruning and pruning of saplings according to the morphological analysis of Tentooth Flower:
(1) The central leading branch of the sparsely dispersed shape is more obvious, with 5-7 main branches divided into 2-3 layer. This type of tree has many branches, a large crown, and high yield. It is suitable for deep, fertile soil and upright branches. The key points of shaping are: the fixed stem height is 1.5-2.5 meters, the soil conditions are poor, and the remaining stem height should be low. The location and direction of the main branches should be arranged appropriately. The distance between the main branches should be 1-1.5 meters and should not be too close. The first lateral branch of the three main branches at the base is about 1.5 meters away from the main trunk. If it is too close, it will form a gate side; the distance between the lateral branches should be narrowed toward the periphery of the crown. Pay attention to maintaining the growth advantage of the central leading branch. Under normal circumstances, do not change the head easily, because the ten-toothed flower has the characteristics of horizontal growth. Improper handling will make the strong tree weak and the weak tree even weaker. It is necessary to properly control the back branches, which is an important feature different from other fruit tree pruning. The branches behind the Tentooth Flower grow vigorously. If left to grow naturally, they often exceed the original branches, forming an "upside-down cow". The method for dealing with the back branches is: ① When the back branches are similar to the extended branches, deal with the back branches in time; ② When the original branch head is very weak and the direction and angle of the back branches are better, use the back branches to replace the original heads; ③ The back branches grow longer Well, and flower buds have formed, you can control the growth and allow it to bear fruit.
(2) The natural open-shaped shape is suitable for varieties with thin soil and open crowns. The central leading stem is not obvious, with 2-3 main branches, with a 2- or 3-branch structure. Where the soil quality is poor, leave 3 side branches on each main branch; where the soil quality is good, choose to leave 1-2 secondary side branches on each side branch. When reshaping, the tree vigor should be balanced, side branches at all levels should retain certain growth advantages, and the space should be used rationally.
(3) Upright cylindrical shape: Due to the high mountains and deep ditches and insufficient light, the ten-toothed flower is highly upright and has an obvious central trunk. After cultivating it into an upright cylindrical shape, the main and side branches will be shorter, layered or spiral. They are arranged in a central stem to make full use of space and reduce conflicts between agriculture and forestry for land.
Pruning of fruit-bearing trees:
(1) Pruning of fruit-bearing mother branches. The strong 1-year-old branches on the periphery of the crown are often the mother branches that have previously produced fruits. Generally, they are not pruned short, but the mother branches bear fruit. Excessive growth will cause the canopy to close, affecting ventilation and light transmission. Some weak fruit-bearing branches must be appropriately thinned out to stabilize yields and promote normal development of the tree.
(2) Pruning of extension branches For 15-30-year-old trees in the fruiting period, the 1-year-old extension branches with dead parts of main branches at all levels around the crown can have 2-3 buds under the dead buds. Make short cuts everywhere.
(3) Pruning of leggy branches. Leggy branches are mostly formed by the germination of hidden buds on the inner trunk branches. They occur more frequently on vigorously growing adult trees and senescent trees. In the past, they were usually cut off from the base.
(4) Prune the drooping branches and retract them at the branches, and cut off the dead and diseased branches at the same time. Overly dense drooping branches should be cut off yearly.