Bonsai making
Bonsai is generally divided into two categories: stump bonsai and landscape bonsai. The former takes trees as the main material and can be divided into four categories: branch view, leaf view, fruit view and flower view. The latter mainly takes rocks, water and soil as materials, water as the main bonsai, soil and stone as dry bonsai, and both soil and water as dry bonsai.
Specification of bonsai: According to the height of stumps (including the cliff-like extension length of branches), landscape bonsai can be divided into extra large (150 cm or more), large (80 ~ 150 cm), medium (40 ~ 80 cm) and small (10 ~ 40 cm) according to the basin length.
tree penjing
Choose more tree species with small branches and leaves, easy survival in potted plants, slow growth, long life and strange roots, especially those with gorgeous flowers and fruits. At present, there are about 160 kinds of garden trees used as stumps. In addition to artificial propagation, they are usually cultivated from old trunk stumps left after years of logging. Stump bonsai can be divided into straight stem, inclined stem, bent stem, lying stem, cliff, dead stem, rooting, attached stone, jungle and other forms. The best culture soil is loose, breathable, well drained and can keep fertilizer. Bonsai is formed by pruning, tying branches with metal wires or brown wires and bending them into a certain shape, and then carefully pruning and shaping them year by year, with different local styles.
Stump bonsai must be carefully maintained after molding. Among them, pruning is an important measure to promote or control the growth of stumps and keep them in a certain posture. All tree stumps with clear branches and leaves should be thinned or shortened frequently to control the branches that disturb the posture. Pine trees can cut off all or part of the main buds to shorten the shoots. Pruning of broad-leaved trees varies with tree species and flowering and fruiting habits. Fertilization should not be too much, but it needs to be applied frequently to keep the plants flourishing, robust and not in vain. Flower and fruit stumps need more fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added. The amount of watering varies according to the climate, tree species, phenology and the texture of the basin, in order to keep the soil moist. For conifers and azaleas in the mountains, water should be sprayed on the leaves frequently. Change pots every 1 ~ 5 years according to the size of bonsai. When changing pots, remove some old soil, cut off some old roots around and at the bottom, add new culture soil and replant. In addition, maintenance measures such as insect prevention, cold protection and sun protection should be taken.
Landscape bonsai
The theme must be selected in advance and carefully designed, and the stone should be processed according to the theme, or it can be tailored to the stone and applied with the class. Rock materials are turquoise (soft stone) and hard stone (hard stone). Loose stones can be chiseled into ravines, caves and peaks with special hammers; Hard stones are cut and sawed to get rid of weeds and preserve essence, and the shortcomings can be made up by splicing and gluing. There are planting holes in the stone to facilitate planting vegetation. The layout of the scenery in the basin should be well-defined, rich, varied and not messy. The suitable stones in the same basin are of the same variety, with similar colors and smooth texture. At the same time, the perspective principle of "near the big and far from the small, low big and high and small, near the real and far from the virtual" is applied, with plants, pavilions, bridges, flowing water, birds and animals, people, etc. with shallow pots as the foil, so as to achieve the artistic effect of seeing the big from the small and being thousands of miles away.