In order to promote early fruiting and high yield of young trees, all kinds of branches should be lightly cut when young trees are reshaped, except for a few over-dense branches and overlapping branches, branches and branchlets with moderate growth should be kept as much as possible. 1 year-old branches can be shortened appropriately to promote the growth of branches and form flower buds.
After young trees are planted, the fixed stem height should be determined first. The determination of fixed dry height should not only be based on the characteristics of species and varieties, but also consider site conditions, rootstock types and seedling growth. The fixed dry height of natural happiness is generally 20 ~ 40cm；; The height of the sparse tree trunk is generally about 50 cm. Varieties with strong branches and open crowns should be tall under flat conditions; Varieties with weak branching ability and upright tree posture should be set low in mountainous or hilly areas.
After the stem is fixed, 3 ~ 5 long branches can generally be produced in that year. When pruning in winter, 2 ~ 4 branches with vigorous growth and suitable orientation and angle should be selected as the main branches to cultivate a natural and happy shape. The cutting length of the main branch is generally 40 ~ 50 cm, the strong branch is slightly shorter and the weak branch is slightly longer to balance the tree potential. When cultivating the sparse layer shape of the trunk, we should first select the upright and strong branches under the cutting mouth as the central stem, cut off about 50 cm, then select 2 ~ 3 branches with healthy growth, suitable orientation and angle as the main branches, and cut off 40 ~ 50 cm.
After the seedlings are fixed, if the branches are very low, the trees can grow naturally and the effect is good.
Under normal circumstances, young cherry trees begin to grow vigorously in the second year after planting, so attention should be paid to controlling the vigorous growth of new shoots, appropriately cutting short, increasing branch order, accelerating crown expansion and promoting early fruiting when pruning; When pruning in winter, we should continue to pay attention to cultivating the main branches of 1 layer, and start to choose to keep the main branches of the second layer and the side branches on the main branches of 1 layer.
In order to accelerate the formation and early fruiting of young trees, when the new shoots grow to about 20 cm in mid-June, they can be picked to inhibit vigorous growth and promote branch growth; If the new shoots continue to grow vigorously, they can be picked every 20 cm or so and picked several times in a row.
No matter what tree shape is adopted, the cutting length of the main branch is generally 40 ~ 50 cm, the lateral branch is about 40 cm, and the auxiliary lateral branch is about 30 cm. The central branch of the natural happy shape has been slightly truncated in 1 year. At this time, it can be decided whether to keep or sparse according to the actual situation; The length of the central branch of the sparse trunk should be longer than that of the main branch; For flat branches, oblique branches or moderately growing branches, they can be slowly put or slightly cut, and for overgrown and competitive branches, they can be sparsely put or cut again.
For 3-5-year-old young trees, according to the requirements of plastic surgery, continue to select and cultivate backbone branches at all levels, and pay attention to adjusting their opening angles, maintaining a clear affiliation, paying attention to the balance of tree potential, and starting to cultivate fruiting branches.
The cutting length of main branches and lateral branches should be determined according to the growth and planting position of branches. The extension branches are generally cut 40 ~ 50 cm, and the lateral branches can be shorter to keep the balance of tree potential. For the varieties with strong upright, measures should be taken to open the angle, inhibit excessive growth, leave more branchlets and promote flowering and fruiting.
In the process of shaping young trees, when the growth of main branches and lateral branches is uneven, we should restrain the strong and help the weak. Retract the main branches and side branches that are too strong, use the back waist branches as extension branches, and lightly cut the extension branches; Weaker main branches and lateral branches can be appropriately left with more branchlets, and the extended branches can be appropriately cut again. In this way, the growth of trees can gradually restore balance.