United Nations System

United Nations System Organizational Chart The United Nations System (United Nations System) is a system of international organizations larger than the United Nations in the legal sense, including the United Nations and its affiliates. Peripheral institutions such as some independent intergovernmental international organizations (such as United Nations specialized agencies) with special ties.

〖Main agencies and other subsidiary agencies of the United Nations〗

According to the provisions of Chapter 3, Article 7 of the Charter of the United Nations, the United Nations has the United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations There are 6 major United Nations agencies (main organs of the United Nations) including the Economic and Social Council, the United Nations Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice and the United Nations Secretariat. (Note: The United Nations Human Rights Council is now a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly and is directly responsible to all United Nations member states.)

1. United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly, referred to as the "United Nations General Assembly" , composed of all member states. It is the deliberative body of the United Nations. A regular session is held every year, which opens on the third Tuesday of September each year and usually lasts until mid-December. The duration of each regular session is generally 3 months. If the agenda has not been discussed, it can be postponed to the spring of the next year, but it must be closed before the opening of the next regular session. The Assembly may decide to adjourn temporarily during a meeting and may resume the meeting at a later date. Resolutions of the General Assembly on "important issues" must be passed by a 2/3 majority; for resolutions on "general issues", more than half are sufficient. The resolutions passed by the General Assembly are not legally binding, but they are enough to have a broad political impact on member states. In addition to regular meetings, at the request of more than half of the member states or the Security Council, the General Assembly can also hold special meetings within 15 days and emergency special meetings within 24 hours. According to the provisions of the United Nations Charter, the General Assembly has the power to discuss any issue within the scope of the Charter and make recommendations to member states and the Security Council. The General Assembly accepts and considers the reports of the Security Council and its organs; elects non-permanent members of the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council; elects judges of the International Court of Justice together with the Security Council; approves the admission of new members and appoints the Secretary on the recommendation of the Security Council long. The budget of the United Nations and the assessed contributions of member states are subject to discussion and decision by the General Assembly. When each regular session is held, countries often send foreign ministers or other ministerial-level officials to lead delegations to attend, and some heads of state and government also attend the session to deliver speeches. The 1 president and 21 vice-presidents of the General Assembly are elected by the plenary session of the regular session based on the principle of regional distribution. The 5 permanent members of the Security Council are ex-officio vice-presidents of the General Assembly, but they also need to be elected.

2. United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council, referred to as the "Security Council", consists of 5 permanent members and 10 non-members including China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. composition of any member states. The non-permanent members of the Security Council are elected by the General Assembly according to the principle of regional distribution. They serve a two-year term and cannot be re-elected. The Charter stipulates that the Security Council has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. Its functions are: to make provisions in accordance with the provisions of the Charter that all member states are obliged to accept and implement; to investigate any international disputes or any situation that may cause international friction or disputes. , determines actions that threaten the peace, breaches of the peace or aggression, and takes economic, diplomatic or military sanctions to oppose aggression; is responsible for formulating arms control plans; recommends new member states and the Secretary-General to the General Assembly. The actions of the Security Council are based on the principle of "unanimity of the five permanent members" (the so-called "unanimity principle of major powers"). The five permanent members all have veto power on substantive issues. Resolutions adopted by the Security Council are binding on member states. The Security Council is the only body in the United Nations with the authority to take action on international peace and security. It has the power to investigate and mediate international disputes, take coercive measures such as arms embargoes and economic sanctions, and dispatch United Nations peacekeeping forces to help ease tensions in a certain region. As the core of the international collective security mechanism, the United Nations Security Council has become recognized as the most authoritative and legitimate institution in the multilateral security system.

Article 23, paragraph 1, of the Charter of the United Nations stipulates: "The Security Council is organized by the fifteen member states of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Nations, and Great Britain The United Kingdom of Northern Ireland and the United States of America should be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly should elect the other ten member states of the United Nations as non-permanent members of the Security Council. The election should take full consideration of the role of each member state of the United Nations in maintaining international peace and security. and its contribution to other purposes of the organization, and full consideration should be given to equitable geographical distribution (the seat of the Republic of China was replaced by the People's Republic of China in 1971, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1991. The seat was replaced by the Russian Federation. Currently, the People's Republic of China, the French Republic, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council). >

3. United Nations Economic and Social Council

The United Nations Economic and Social Council was established in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. It coordinates 14 United Nations specialized agencies, 10 functional commissions and 5 The main body of the regional commissions for economic, social and related work. The Economic and Social Council also governs 11 foundations and planning agencies.

The Economic and Social Council provides the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues and formulating policy recommendations on such issues for Member States and the United Nations system as a whole. It is responsible for promoting higher living standards, universal employment, and economic and social progress; solving international economic, social and health problems; promoting international cultural and educational cooperation; and advocating universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all human beings. It authorizes the undertaking or initiating of research and reporting on these issues. It is also mandated to help prepare and organize major international conferences in the economic, social and related fields, and to coordinate the follow-up to these conferences. The Economic and Social Council has broad powers, covering more than 70 percent of the human and financial resources of the entire United Nations system. The Economic and Social Council is composed of 54 member states, elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term.

IV. United Nations Trusteeship Council

The United Nations Trusteeship Council is composed of the five permanent members of the five Security Councils, namely the People's Republic of China and the French Republic. United States of America, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America. The Council officially ceased operations on November 1, 1994, as Palau, the last United Nations trust territory, gained independence. The Council amends its rules of procedure to remove the requirement to meet annually and agrees to hold meetings as necessary, by decision of the Council or the President of the Council, or by a majority of the Council or at the request of the General Assembly or the Security Council.

5. International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice is the main judicial organ of the United Nations. It was established in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations signed in San Francisco on June 26, 1945, to achieve one of the main tasks of the United Nations. Purpose: "To adjust or resolve international disputes or situations that may undermine peace by peaceful means and in accordance with the principles of justice and international law."

The International Court of Justice operates in accordance with the Statute of the International Court of Justice and its own Rules. The Statute is part of the Charter. The International Court of Justice began its work in 1946, replacing the Permanent Court of International Justice established in 1920 under the auspices of the League of Nations.

The International Court of Justice is at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Of the six major organs of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice is the only one based outside New York.

The International Court of Justice has a dual role: to resolve legal disputes submitted to it by states in accordance with international law, and to provide advisory opinions on legal issues submitted to formally recognized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

The International Court of Justice is composed of fifteen judges, assisted by its administrative Registry. The official languages ??of the International Court of Justice are English and French

6. United Nations Secretariat

The United Nations Secretariat is the administrative secretarial agency of the United Nations agencies. The President of the United Nations appoints the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General is the administrator of the United Nations and holds major international political responsibilities. The Secretary-General is recommended by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council and serves a five-year term. The Secretary-General appears as a representative of the United Nations in international affairs. He represents the United Nations in contacting member states and other international organizations. He can represent the United Nations in areas where international conflicts and disputes arise to understand and mediate.

The Secretariat is composed of the Secretary-General and United Nations staff. Its responsibilities are to serve the United Nations and its affiliated agencies and to implement the programs and policies formulated by these agencies. The Secretary-General is the administrator of the United Nations, and the current Executive Secretary-General is South Korean Ban Ki-moon.

In addition, the United Nations has established a large number of various councils, committees or other agencies as needed.