Climate characteristics of the Xiaohan solar term:
In the Xiaohan season, most areas of our country have entered a period of severe cold. The soil is frozen, rivers are frozen, and the cold air from the north continues to move southward. The weather is cold, and people call it "Nine cold days are counted".
Although the southern part of my country is not as cold and cold as the northern part, the temperature has also dropped significantly. The coldest time in the south is between the minor cold and the rain and the hibernation. It is dry and cold during the minor cold, and wet and cold after the rain.
Xiaohan is the 23rd solar term among the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar and the fifth solar term in winter. It marks the official beginning of the winter season and also means the arrival of the coldest days of the year. . According to China's meteorological data, Xiaohan is the solar term with the lowest temperature. Only in a few years does the temperature of the Great Cold be lower than that of the Xiaohan.
Main agricultural activities in Xiaohan
1. Animal husbandry
(1) Doors and windows of pig houses, cow houses, and sheep pens should be closed to increase the temperature inside the houses. Cattle and sheep should leave late for grazing and return early.
(2) Professional households raising laying hens, in order to increase the egg production rate, add an appropriate amount of brown sugar to the drinking water to supplement the energy deficiency caused by the cold in winter and increase artificial light.
(3) Due to the withering of wild pasture, cattle and sheep must be given artificial supplementary feeding. Goats, especially pregnant ewes, need to supplement the feed amount of concentrate, and at the same time, increase vitamin E and trace elements to prevent the occurrence of abortion in ewes.
(4) Cloven-hoofed livestock, pigs, cattle, sheep, etc., should be vaccinated to prevent the occurrence of acute and severe infectious diseases caused by infection from external epidemic sources.
(5) In particular, it is necessary to prevent and control epidemic diseases such as porcine epidemic diarrhea, transmissible gastroenteritis, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza.
(6) Carry out ventilation and disinfection.
2. Vegetables
(1) Sow seeds at the right time and manage them scientifically. Watermelons, zucchini, and cucumbers in medium and small sheds should be grown in nutrient pots or squares in winter warm sheds or sunny borders before and after the minor cold. Overwintering crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, and spicy (sweet) peppers that are weak in growth should be topdressed with watering.
(1) Disease prevention and control. Due to the frequent rainy and foggy weather and the high humidity in the shed, it is easy to induce gray mold, leaf mold, blight, downy mildew, powdery mildew, etc. in crops. For prevention and control, aerosols or dusts should be used, and concentrated pesticides should be used alternately. , effectively improve the prevention and control effect.
3. Fruit trees
(1) Citrus: Continue to clear the garden in winter, cut off diseased and insect-infested branches, and spray 45% crystalline lime sulfur mixture or pine-alkali mixture to kill Overwintering pests and diseases. Juvenile trees are mainly shaped, while adult fruit-bearing trees are mainly pruned. Take anti-freeze measures such as cultivating the roots and painting the trunks white, and water appropriately in case of drought. Repair garden roads and irrigation and drainage ditches.
(2) Bayberry: Clear snow on branches and leaves promptly in snowy days to prevent damage or crushing of branches. Clean the garden in time, cut off diseased branches, dead branches, and weak branches, clean up fallen leaves, and burn them in time to eliminate overwintering pests and diseases. Manually remove the cysts of larvae moths. Make preparations for planting. Dig the planting hole and apply enough base fertilizer.
(3) Loquat: Before the spring buds sprout, delete dense branches, weak branches, diseased branches, and dead branches, and shorten some of the perennial bent and weak branches sequentially. Pruning should be light and the pruning amount should not exceed 10% of the total branches and leaves of the crown. It is necessary to continue to do a good job in clearing the garden, removing dead branches and leaves, and reducing the base of pests and diseases. If branch rot is found, scrape it off in time, and burn the scraped branch skin on the spot. Apply 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 50 times to the diseased area, or Bordeaux mixture or lime-sulfur slurry and other chemicals. Moss and lichen on large branches can be controlled with 8-10 times of pine-alkali mixture. Ground cover can be used to protect against frost, such as grass or mulch.
(4) Grapes: The best winter pruning period is from the end of December to early January after the leaves fall. After falling leaves, combined with winter pruning, cut off various diseased and insect-infested branches, eliminate residual branches, scrape off old bark, and burn them intensively; spray 50 to 100 times sodium pentachlorine powder on tree trunks, cement columns on the shelf, and roads around the ground.
(5) Pear: Cultivate the three main branches of saplings and do a good job of pulling branches. To achieve uniform fruiting on adult branches, excess flower buds should be thinned out appropriately. Clean the garden well, scrape off the wound in time if ring marks are found, and then use 50 times of 401 or 402 antibacterial agent or 1 part of old alkali and 10 parts of water to disinfect the wound.
(6) Peach: Continue shaping and pruning, and select and retain the scion. Remove dead branches and leaves and burn them. Continue fertilizer management, deep plowing and soil improvement, water conservancy construction, and road maintenance. The land for the new orchard is flat and planted at designated locations. Do a good job in transporting seedlings and digging and grafting indoor seedlings.