Gleditsia sinensis is a tree belonging to Gleditsia of Gleditsiaceae, which has a long history of cultivation and utilization. Its majestic tree shape, beautiful crown shape, early germination, late defoliation, long life and few pests and diseases are most suitable for street trees, shade trees and isolated landscape trees, which have been widely used in urban greening in recent years.

The author has accumulated some experience through several years of Gleditsia sinensis planting management, which is summarized as follows for peer exchange and discussion. Gleditsia habit

Gleditsia sinensis is a deep-rooted tree species, which likes light, drought and waterlogging tolerance. Strong ability to resist air pollution. It has wide adaptability and grows well under the conditions of annual average temperature 10℃ to 18℃, minimum absolute temperature in winter above -25℃ and annual precipitation of 400- 1200mm. The adaptability to soil is also strong, and acidic soil, neutral soil or calcareous soil can grow.

Gleditsia sinensis is a typical strong positive tree species, which has strict requirements on light and insufficient light. Most of them have poor growth, thin branches, thin and yellow leaves, which affect growth, have thorns and bear fruit.

The natural germination rate of Gleditsia sinensis seeds is very low, so it is difficult to cultivate Gleditsia sinensis seedlings by accelerating germination. Therefore, it is not recommended for small and medium-sized farmers to raise seedlings by themselves. First, the seed price is high, and second, the germination rate is low, which will increase the cost.

Key points of planting technology

According to the physiological habit of Gleditsia sinensis and the author's many years' experience, we should master the six points of "Miao Zhuang, big hole, fat foot, soil consolidation, shallow planting and water seepage" in planting Gleditsia sinensis.

First, the seedlings planted in Miao Zhuang should be strong, the roots should be intact, there should be no pests and diseases, and the trunk and roots should not be seriously damaged. Excavation, transportation, planting, watering and management. At present, there are many farmers planting Gleditsia sinensis seedlings, but the types of seedlings are different. The first choice for planting Gleditsia sinensis seedlings is that the height of the seedlings is more than one meter, the bottom diameter is more than 1CM, and the number of thorns per unit length is more. Such seedlings can show the characteristics of fast growth, many thorns and high efficiency.

Second, the hole is large, and the planting hole is large. Generally, it is 0.5 to 1 meter square (annual seedlings can be dug mechanically or manually according to the actual situation). If the seedlings are big, the tree holes should be enlarged accordingly. Generally speaking, the pore size is 15 ~ 20 times that of seedling DBH.

Third, when planting Gleditsia sinensis, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer in the hole, preferably fully decomposed organic farmyard manure. After the fertilizer is fully mixed with the ripe soil, it is applied to the middle or upper part of the hole. Then put 20-30 cm of cooked soil to prevent the roots from being burned by direct contact with fertilizer. Don't force it without proper fertilizer. Farmhouse manure must be piled up, fermented and fully decomposed before it can be used as base fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer should be applied less.

Four, solid soil planting, buried soil must be solid, fill a layer of soil, solid layer, solid layer, so that seedling roots and soil are closely combined. Remember that you can only use your feet firmly, not tamp them, so as not to hurt your roots. After the first permeable pouring, combined with pit sealing, it will be used several times to prevent the leaking roots from lodging.

5. Shallow planting is particularly important when planting Gleditsia sinensis, which is related to the characteristics of Gleditsia sinensis root system and the temperature of hairy root. Planting depth is large, ground temperature rises slowly, soil permeability decreases, and humidity is high, which is not conducive to root wound healing and new roots. After shallow planting, the ground temperature rises rapidly, the soil has good aeration, the root system heals early and the root system grows fast.

Six, water seepage in 10 to 15 days after planting, irrigation for three times, so that the soil in the hole is closely combined with the root system of seedlings. In this way, the roots of plants can fully absorb water, which is beneficial to the water balance of seedlings and improves the survival rate.

Post-planting management

The management of Gleditsia sinensis after planting is very important, so we should pay attention to the following points: proper watering, proper fertilization, plastic pruning and pest control.

First, proper amount of water is the most critical problem after planting Gleditsia sinensis. At this time, watering is very important. Too much water will rot the roots, and lack of water will affect the growth of seedlings. Water can be arranged reasonably according to the weather conditions, and then poured thoroughly to prevent water from blocking the waist and skin. Pay attention to loosening the soil and moisturizing after watering. Water less or no water in rainy days, and eliminate accumulated water in time.

Second, after proper fertilization of Gleditsia sinensis, the amount of fertilization should be reasonably determined according to the growth of seedlings. Fertilization is generally based on organic fertilizer, with appropriate special chemical fertilizer. Fertilization methods can be ditch application, hole application, spreading application, etc.

Third, plastic pruning Gleditsia sinensis planting should be pruned again. Because its branches are particularly messy, it should be pruned purposefully, especially for overlapping branches, vertical horizontal branches and horizontal branches, and a certain tree shape should be maintained to make saponin tall, straight, symmetrical and beautiful.

Fourth, pest control.

Gleditsia sinensis: The adult is 5.5-7.5mm long, 1.5-3.5mm wide, reddish brown, and occurs every year 1 generation. Overwintering with larvae in the seeds, biting out the seeds in the middle of April of the following year, and laying eggs on the pods after Gleditsia sinensis. After the larvae hatch, they drill into the seeds to do harm.

Control method: Soak in 90℃ hot water for 20-30s, or fumigate with chemicals to eliminate the larvae in the seeds.

Gleditsia sinensis: harm to Gleditsia sinensis. Larvae overwinter in pods or branches by cocoon formation, with three generations a year. The first generation pupated in early April, and adults began to emerge in early May. The second generation of adults occurred in the middle and late June and the third generation in the middle and late July.

Prevention and control methods: from autumn to March of the following spring, treat pods to prevent overwintering larvae from pupating into moths, and timely treat damaged pods to eliminate larvae.

The main diseases are root rot and leaf blight. Root diseases are generally caused by water accumulation in the roots, while leaf blight is mainly caused by lack of fertilizer and weak tree potential, and is also related to high temperature. According to different diseases and insect pests, correct measures should be taken. Strengthening fertilizer and water management is also an effective way to control pests and diseases.