(1) Sparse Hierarchical Relay
The height of the tree is 80 ~ 100 cm, and the whole tree has 5 ~ 7 main branches, the first layer has 3 main branches, and the second and third layers have 1 ~ 2 main branches respectively. It is best to keep the spacing between the main branches in the layer at 30 ~ 40cm to avoid overlapping. The distance between the first layer and the second layer is 100 ~ 150cm, and the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60 ~ 80cm. Each main branch of the first layer has 2 ~ 3 side branches, and each main branch of the second layer has 1 ~ 2. The first branch on each main branch is slightly farther from the main branch, about 80cm；; The second lateral branch is left in the opposite direction of the first lateral branch, with a spacing of 40-50 cm; The third lateral branch stays in the opposite direction of the second lateral branch, with a spacing of 60-70 cm. The included angle between the main branches of the first layer and the central trunk is 60-70, and the opening angle of the main branches of the second and third layers is 50-60. The molding process is as follows:
(1) Stem the 1 annual seedling at the height of 100 ~ 120 cm from the ground, and cut it off to leave 4 ~ 6 complete buds. In production, the new shoots of grafted seedlings can grow to about 2 meters. During the growth process, the buds on the new shoots germinate and form many branches, each seedling is different. If the lower branch is in a suitable position, it can be kept as the main branch for cultivation, and the vigorous trunk can be used as the central trunk of the sparse trunk, which can speed up the plastic surgery process.
(2) When pruning the main branches and central stems in the winter of the following year, three branches with strong growth, uniform distribution and moderate angle, which are 20-30 cm apart, are used as three main branches for cultivation, and each main branch is cut off by about 80 cm, and the cut buds are full. At the distance of 120 ~ 150 cm from the uppermost main branch, the branches growing vertically in the center were cut short and cultured as central stems. All other branches are kept as long as they do not affect the growth of the main branches, and their angles (70 ~ 90) are increased by various pruning methods to promote their growth and form flower buds. In the future, the main branches and central stems of each layer should be cultivated according to the above methods every year, but it should be noted that the upper and lower main branches should be staggered, and the angle of the main branches should be opened by pulling branches and other methods.
③ When cultivating the main branches, we should pay attention to selecting and retaining the side branches with the outward growth and extension of the main branches. The lateral branches should stay diagonally above the two sides of the main branch, and the direction of the lateral branches should always be consistent with the extension branches of the main branch, and the direction of the lateral branches at the same level on the main branch at the same level should be consistent to avoid crossing. The sparse layer of chestnut trunk will take 5 ~ 7 years to dry down.
The shape of sparse layer of trunk adapts to the characteristics of thick trunk, ventilated cavity, good light transmission, strong tree potential and high yield per plant of chestnut, and is not suitable for close planting.
(2) The shape of natural happiness
This kind of tree has no central trunk, 2-4 main branches, short tree body, good ventilation and light transmission in the inner room, and is suitable for densely planted varieties with poor drying or chestnut trees planted in poor soil. Is a good tree at present, and its shaping process is as follows:
(1) Stem the 1 year-old seedling at 80 cm above the ground, and cut it to leave 2-4 complete buds.
(2) After the main branch is cultivated and dried, and branches appear under the cutting mouth, 2-4 branches with strong growth, uniform distribution and moderate angle are selected as the main branches for cultivation, and the opening angle of the main branches is 60-70 degrees. After drying, leave about 80 cm for each main branch in the second winter, and leave buds outside the cut.
(3) Choose to keep the side branches of natural happiness trees. The main branches are few and the internal space is large. The side branches on the main branches should be kept as much as possible. As long as the length is less than 50 cm, it is not necessary to cut them short to promote the formation of fruiting mother branches. Then, 2-3 branches with a certain interval and vigorous growth are selected from the side branches on each main branch, and each branch is cut into short segments of 60-70 cm and cultured into side branches. This kind of tree is basically formed in 3 ~ 4 years, and after it is formed, it becomes a happy tree with two, three or four branches.