In order to meet the needs of offensive and defensive tactics, the position arrangement and division of responsibilities of players on the court are called game formation. The name of each formation depends on the shape of the players. Since the middle of the19th century, there has been the first football match formation in the world. Today's "433", "352" and "424", as well as the "cement" and "chain" adopted by some countries, have all evolved and developed along this objective law.
2. Responsibilities of each position
(1) Duties of the full-back: The full-back mainly defends the activities of the opposing winger and other offensive players on the sidewalk and undermines the attack launched by the opposing side. At the same time, you can also use assists to dribble and directly threaten the opponent's goal.
(2) Responsibilities of the central defender: The central defender is divided into two types: the former central defender and the latter central defender. The former's main task is to keep an eye on the most threatening center in front of the opponent, so it is also called man-to-man central defender; The latter is mainly responsible for the command task of the whole defense line, often behind other defenders, and is generally called free central defender.
(3) The important duty of the avant-garde: The avant-garde is usually called the midfield. The midfield is a very important area, which controls the midfield, that is, gains the initiative of the game, so teams often invest in the midfield.
Greater power.
Subdivision:
Football position responsibilities-defender
(1) defense. The main defensive duty of a full-back is to defend the side, and to act according to the position of the ball and the defensive tactics decided by the coach. The tactical task is:
1. In order to defend the opposing winger or other players who enter the winger position, they must:
(1). occupy a favorable position.
A. stand inside and get closer to your goal than your opponent;
B keep a proper distance from your opponent-you can intercept the ball by going forward, and you can approach the ball before your opponent by turning back;
C. Squeeze the opponent who dribbles to one side and narrow his range of activities;
D. Move your opponent close to the inside line (until you exchange guards with your partner).
(2) Identify the characteristics of the opponent
A. For opponents who are good at dribbling breakthroughs, they should defend in advance and keep a certain distance from their opponents;
B. Be flexible and take defensive measures. Because the opponent's offensive action is unpredictable, once you see through the opponent's offensive intention, you should take decisive action according to the actual situation of the game.
2. Blocking the side passage and protecting the goal from the opponent's attack are the core of defense and the important task of the full-back. To this end, it is necessary to:
(1). When defending the same winger (including temporary winger), the principle of "blocking the inside and releasing the outside" can be adopted to cut off the opponent's direct access to the goal.
(2) When the opponent breaks through himself and the central defender fills the position, he should actively fill the gap in the middle.
(3) When the opponent attacks, it is necessary to "keep the border safe", make up for the loopholes in the defense of the central defender, and steal the opponent's long pass and transfer ball at any time.
(4) When the opponent attacks in the middle, he should shrink in the middle on the premise of giving consideration to both the ball and the ball, and be ready to make up for the defensive loopholes of the central defender at any time.
3. Participate in offside. Under normal circumstances, the position of full-back should not fall behind that of free central defender. When offside tactics need to be used, the full-back should press out quickly to avoid falling behind and causing offside tactics to fail.
(2) attack. Improving the attacking quality of full-backs is of great significance to ensure the balance between attack and defense and enhance the attacking strength of the whole team.
1. Quick attack.
2. Accept the goalkeeper's serve.
3. Participate in organizing the attack in midfield.
4. Act as a temporary winger.
Football position responsibility-penetrating central defender (man-to-man central defender)
(1) defense.
1. Defensive forward center. This is the main task of the former central defender. To this end, it is necessary to:
(1). occupy a favorable position.
A. Try to occupy the inside line near the ball *;
B. keep a proper position with your opponent;
C. Squeeze the opponent dribbling to one side and narrow his shooting angle;
D. whenever it is possible to catch the ball and pose a great threat to the goal, you should press it over. Instead, you can focus on guarding the middle road in front of the door or exchange guards with your companions.
(2) Identify the characteristics of the opponent. Don't give full play to your opponent's ability to break through and organize attacks, and minimize his offensive danger.
(3) Flexible snatch. Snatching the ball depends on the situation. You can neither let your opponent catch the ball comfortably nor jump blindly. At the same time, we should attach great importance to active air competition to weaken the opponent's overhead transmission power.
2. Repay the position. When he fails to steal, and the free central defender comes forward to intercept the center who tries to break through, the former central defender should quickly fill the position for the free central defender in order to re-form the situation of double defense.
(2) attack. The main task is to defend, but once the tactical time is ripe, we must participate in the attack. Specific tasks:
1. After grabbing the ball, you can pass it to the winger, avant-garde or striker to attack.
2. In the midfield, answer the partner's pass, organize the attack, and strengthen the offensive power of the midfield.
3. When the fighter plane is mature, it can be directly put into the front line to attack and strive for a shot. When the attack is over, you must return quickly.
Football position responsibility-free central defender (trailing central defender)
(1) defense. The key area behind the three guards is the backing of defense. Blocking the passage to the target is the main responsibility. Therefore, we should actively choose the position according to the position of the ball and the offensive and defensive situations of both sides, and be ready to deal with various possible complicated situations at any time.
1. Garrison the defense zone and intercept the pass.
2. Steal through the direct pass to make up for the gap in front of the door.
3. Stop those who leave the basic positions from inserting "raiders of the lost ark".
4. Mobile protection and timely trapping.
5. Cover the attack and make up for the gap.
6. Command from behind and resolutely defend.
(2) attack.
1. Grab the ball and launch an attack. After grabbing the ball, it can be passed to the winger, avant-garde or striker to attack.
2. Meet and cooperate at the rear.
3. Suddenly insert the attack. Free central defenders are usually not watched, and it is quite threatening to suddenly appear in front of each other. Mainly use the long-distance dribbling breakthrough, combined with the method of 2-pass 1 coordination, and strive to shoot. When the attack is over, you must return quickly.
Football position responsibilities-defensive avant-garde (defender)
1. Man to man. Keep an eye on the opponent's "second center" at ordinary times to curb his offensive threat.
2. Mobile defense. According to the different situations at the scene, in the midfield area before the free throw arc, man-marking and zone defense are used to complete various defensive tasks.
3 make up the position in time. When there is a loophole in the central defense, we should make up for the gap in the central defender in time and block the passage of attacking the door. Once the defender turns to attack, when an avant-garde inserts into the attack, he should also occupy the gap left by the avant-garde to avoid the ball being broken by the midfielder.
4. Wait for the opportunity to attack. The main task of attack is to be responsible for the front, back, left and right, and flexibly shift the direction of attack. But once a good fighter plane appears, it should be inserted in time to attack and shoot at a long distance.
Football Job Responsibilities-Organizational Avant-garde (edge Avant-garde)
1. Organize the attack. Be prepared to get rid of the defense at any time in the midfield, meet the companions and give full play to the role of the organizer.
2. control the rhythm. Determine the speed and rhythm of the attack according to the situation of the game site, and choose the favorable passing opportunity and passing point.
3. Threaten the target. When the center pulls or retreats, and the winger cuts or retreats, it is necessary to occupy a neutral position with a sudden quick insertion or edging, receive the pass from the partner, and complete the shooting according to personal breakthrough or two-one cooperation.
4. Active defense. Once you lose the ball, you should immediately turn to defense, pay attention to marking people, delay and block the opponent's attack at halftime, wait for an opportunity to grab it, and retreat to your own door to defend as the opponent's attack advances.
Football position responsibilities-offensive avant-garde (front waist)
Football position responsibilities-offensive avant-garde (front waist)
1. Take a neutral position. By running without the ball, you can attract the opponent's attention, thus opening the gap and creating favorable conditions for your partner to use the neutral position in the middle to transfer the ball or dribble through.
2. Organize the attack. When you control the ball in the middle, you should play the role of organizing the attack. Especially when avant-garde and full-back insert assists, we should provide them with threatening passes.
3. attack the target. He is good at using the center to make two breakthroughs for the wall and attack the opponent's goal.
4. The winger cuts out the neutral position on the flank, and the avant-garde sets the flank to replace the offensive function of the winger.
5. Active defense. Once the attack turns to punctuality, we should actively catch up with and defend the nearest opponent's ball control player, delay the opponent's attack and actively participate in frontal defense. When the midfield commander and defensive avant-garde attack, they should protect in the midfield to ensure the midfield advantage.
Football position responsibility-forward striker
1. Shoot actively. In front of the opponent's door, use the breakthrough with the ball, empty cut breakthrough, middle flank, header and other positive shots.
2. Pull the guards. By running without the ball, the defender is pulled to create a gap, which creates a gap for the partner to break through the shot.
3. Pass the ball. Located at the forefront of the team, it adopts crossing, heading ferry, wall-mounted 2 super 1 coordination, etc. Create opportunities for peers to break through and shoot.
4. Fight back actively. Fight back immediately after losing the ball, try to get it back, or destroy the opponent's pass and delay the opponent's counterattack.
Football position responsibility-winger
1.
(1). Take the ball or cooperate with the breakthrough, open the gap on the side, cross or shoot.
(2) Through the activities with or without the ball, pull the defense, pull out the sidewalk gap, and let the avant-garde or defender insert.
(3) When attacking in the middle or the opponent's attack, draw the side to contain the defense and be ready to meet the transfer pass at any time.
(4) Extensive cross-transposition, playing the role of the opposing winger.
Intermediate attack
(1). Cut into the middle to break through or shoot.
(2) Exchange positions with the center to play the role of the center.
(3). Go through the other side and shoot in time.
3. Active defense
(1). From attack to punctuality, keep an eye on "your own defender" and don't let him assist at will.
(2) Actively participate in the collective defense in midfield or backcourt when necessary.
(3) When the opponent serves a corner kick or a free kick near the restricted area, he should actively participate in the defense in front of the door.
However, when our full-back attacks, he should act as a full-back temporarily.
Okay, I'm done. Well, the goalkeeper doesn't have to write, does he?
At the request of everyone, add the goalkeeper position description.
goalkeeper
The goalkeeper plays an important role in a team. His steady and reliable actions can improve the morale and combat effectiveness of the team. His timely and reasonable attack can greatly enhance the threat and effectiveness of the attack. On the contrary, as a "gateway", his little mistake may ruin the achievements of team efforts. Therefore, in the training of a team, the goalkeeper is particularly important.
The position characteristics of the goalkeeper and the defender are different: for example, most of them are in a static state, the defender runs 6000- 10000 meters at a time, while the goalkeeper moves about 600-800 meters. The defender frequently handles the ball, while the goalkeeper may not directly participate in the game for several minutes, but he must concentrate when necessary. According to the particularity of the goalkeeper's position, the goalkeeper's position responsibility also has specific requirements:
Technically, the goalkeeper should master the correct technical actions such as moving, catching the ball, saving the ball, holding the ball, punching, throwing the ball by hand and kicking the ball to achieve proficiency.
Physical explosive force, starting speed and high sensitivity;
Tactically, we should master several links, such as occupying a favorable position, reasonably controlling the restricted area, organizing, commanding and defending, and launching an attack.
Psychological quality, should have a stable mood, bold and calm, tenacious perseverance, agile response, nerve process excitement and inhibition of transformation flexibility and a high sense of responsibility;
In terms of intellectual quality, we should fully understand the knowledge of football attack and defense, especially the attack and defense tactics near the restricted area, and have keen observation, judgment, thinking speed and the ability to act immediately.
Goalkeepers' physical fitness, technical and tactical classification table:
Goalkeeper skills: move, grab, jump, hit, hug and kick;
Physical quality: explosive power, starting speed, sensitivity and flexibility;
Tactics: Choose the position, control the restricted area, organize, command and defend, and launch an attack.
Football formation-formation type
Formation type refers to the position arrangement or general tactical organization form of players on the field. Since the development of football, there are many formations. Every player must know and throw the following formations.
L+L+9 and 1+2+2+6 formations
These two formations were produced in the sixties and seventies of 19, and they are the original formations of football matches. Its basic tactical idea is one-sided pursuit of attack, and "rushing to kick the ball" and holding the ball are the characteristics of the game scene. Therefore, in terms of the role of the formation at that time, there was no obvious significance in organizing players.
(2) 1+2+3+5 stratum
With the development of passing in the evolution of football, the organization of players on the field is becoming more and more important, so the formation of 1+2-3+5 is produced. In this formation, the main role of the center is to attack, and the two wings participate in the defense, mainly to prevent the other two wings. This basic ideological attack is still dominant, starting from the form of local transmission, and gradually forming and developing into this formation.
(3)1+3+2+3 (w-m) stratum
W-M formation was created by British Arsenal coach Chapman after 1925 changed the offside rule. The basic idea of this formation is to try to break the opponent's attack through solid defense. First of all, the principle is "safety first". Because this explosion has achieved good results since it came out. Therefore, it was not only quickly accepted by Britain, but also quickly spread to Europe and even the world.
The main feature of this formation defense is that the area and man-to-man are constantly changing. Close to the goal, the man-to-man defense is loose, while away from the goal. When attacking, leave the center half and two defenders to defend. Its offensive feature is that two inside forwards retreat. As the key organizers of the attack, the center and the wings shoulder the main task of scoring goals.
Although the basic idea of this formation is to strengthen defense, and it did play a certain role in preventing the number of goals from rising after the offside rule was changed, because the number of defenders was too small when attacking, the opponent's defense was too weak when launching a quick counterattack, especially when Hungary adopted the four-striker system in the early 1930s. So, in 1958, the Brazilian team created another new song of formation evolution with 1+4+2+4 formation.
(4) 1+4+2+4 stratum
This formation is a very balanced formation of offensive and defensive players. In the application of this formation, the two avantgarde are the backbone connecting the preceding with the following. When attacking, they actively organize and coordinate. When defending, they quickly carry the burden and intercept. Due to frequent activities, this formation has special requirements for the physical strength and technical comprehensiveness of the two avantgarde. The weakness of this formation is that the midfield strength is relatively weak. This is especially true when two avant-garde players are short of physical strength and comprehensive skills. This outbreak mode also requires the front line and the defense line to actively cooperate with the midfield attack and defense at different stages of attack and defense. The difference between it and the 1+4+2+4 formation is that withdrawing a striker to the midfield strengthens the strength of the midfield.
The position of this formation is more flexible, which requires the players to maneuver the whole position according to the war situation, while maintaining the overall organization during the change of position. From the defensive side, 1+4+3+3 formation has at least 7 defenders. Generally speaking, most teams often have six people to take the initiative to attack. When attacking, the three forwards and the three avant-garde are always closely defended, so the 1+4+3+3 formation emphasizes the sudden insertion of the defense line. On the one hand, this formation requires the inserter to seize the opportunity and act cautiously, on the other hand, it requires other players to pay attention to make up the position when the other team counterattacks. When the attacking defender frequently participates in assists, the defense also requires the striker of the team to retreat to participate in the defense.
(6) 1+4+4+2 stratum
This formation was confirmed in the 1966 World Cup. At that time, due to the lack of world-class excellent wingers, British coach Ramsey pulled back a winger and formed a formation of 1+4+4+2. The offensive feature of this formation is the frequent activities of midfielders and defenders, which constitutes the danger in front of the opponent's door. Another common attack style is that two inner ladas create width, and two inner feet in midfield surround the penalty area to score points. The third common way of attacking is to use the characteristics of two forwards' speed and good skills to launch a quick counterattack with a long pass after steals the ball. Defensively, this formation mainly emphasizes the return of players and the organization and coordination under intensive defense.
(7) 1+3+3+4 stratum
This formation is the most popular in Central America and North America, and it is also adopted in Europe and South America. Its characteristic is that it pays attention to the number advantage of attack and tends to take risks and stimulate the form of play. When attacking, in addition to four forwards and three avant-garde, two defenders also actively assisted. In defense, the 1+3+3+4 formation requires that one player in the midfield must quit the role of man-to-man central defender, and the striker should retreat to strengthen the midfield. Most central defenders command the defense in the form of scavengers, ready to make up the position at any time.
This formation is characterized by strong attack power, but the slight negligence in defensive organization is prone to loopholes, especially near the restricted area. When the opponent suddenly launches a long pass and quick counterattack, the shortcomings in this area are more likely to be exposed.
(8) the formation of "concrete"
The "concrete" formation was created by the Italian team after the plane crash in 1949 and the loss of 17 excellent players, and it gradually became popular all over the world in the mid-1950s.
This formation is a completely defensive position layout, and the sweeper plays the core role of defensive organization and command. He was placed behind all the defenders except the goalkeeper. If any area is broken by the opponent, the sweeping opportunity will make up for it. If no one is watching the attacker, the sweeper will also come forward to intercept it. When the sweeper leaves his position and goes to war, other defenders must make up for the sweeper's position. The guiding ideology of this formation is to build a solid defense, but its variation forms are various, sometimes the attackers can be arranged in 3 ~ 4 people, and sometimes only 1-2 people. When confronting 1+4+2+4 formation, the "concrete" formation often confronts 1+L+4+2+3 or 1+L+4+3+2, while the opponent adopts 1+4+3+3 formation. In short, the "concrete" formation always has at least one more player than the opponent in defending the city, no matter how the opponent is laid out.