1. Evidence of underground nuclear reactor discovery
There is an Oklo uranium mine in Fransville Basin, Gabon, Africa, and its ore is used by foreign nuclear enterprises. 1in June, 1972, the plant in eilat, France, which imported Oklo uranium ore, was surprised to find that the delivered uranium ore seemed to have been used, and the 235U content of this batch of uranium ore was less than 0.72% of the normal uranium isotope content. In addition, the proportion of other radioactive isotopes in the ore is also abnormal. For example, the normal isotope ratio of 143Nd is 12%, but its content in Oklo ore is as high as 24%. The research of reactor physics tells us that 143Nd is produced when 235U is fission. Connecting this situation with the shortage of 235U leads to an inevitable conclusion. Uranium-235 in Oklo ore has been partially fission. The results of proportional analysis of other fission isotopes also support this conclusion. This means that the uranium ore in this mine has undergone underground nuclear fission. In addition, the ore of Bangombe uranium mine, 30 kilometers away from Oklo, once had underground nuclear combustion, just like Oklo mine. This great discovery immediately caused a sensation in the scientific and technological circles. In order to find out the truth thoroughly, some experts from European and American countries went to Okulu uranium mine area one after another to conduct in-depth investigation and study. After a long discussion, they finally came to the conclusion that there is a very old atomic reactor in Okulu uranium mine area, also called nuclear reactor. This nuclear reactor consists of about 500 tons of uranium ore in six regions, and its output power is only about 1000kW. According to textual research, the mine was formed about 2 billion years ago, and the nuclear reactor began to operate shortly after mineralization, and the operation time was as long as 500,000 years, which made nuclear scientists and nuclear engineers stunned and puzzled how the nuclear reactor was built and operated by itself, so it was called "the mystery of Oklo".
2. How is the natural nuclear reactor started?
The abundance of radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium in the earth is not low, and it is easy to gather into deposits. The material basis of nuclear reaction is rich and ubiquitous, but how to realize the temperature, pressure and neutron source to stimulate nuclear reaction, the temperature and pressure conditions in front of and inside the earth have been estimated to be several orders of magnitude higher than the current conventional concept, so the temperature and pressure conditions are available.
99.2% of uranium in the earth's interior is 238U, and 0.72% is 235U. 238U and 235Th absorb a neutron and become 239Pu and 235U, both of which are good nuclear fuels and fissile nuclides. They can cause nuclear fission by absorbing any energy. Therefore, as long as the high temperature and high pressure in the combustion chamber reach a certain critical standard, combustion can be triggered and fission can continue.
There are two situations of ignition. First, there is a trace of radium in the uranium-thorium enriched area. Radium is a natural radioactive element with strong radioactivity. It constantly emits alpha particles and gamma photons. These particles constantly react with various nuclides in (α, N) type and (γ, N) type to produce free neutrons. Heavy nuclei 238U, 235U and 232Th can all fission and release several free neutrons from them. The interaction between these free neutrons and fissionable nuclides will trigger their nuclear fission. Second, there are various types of water in the earth, which can slow down the movement speed of free neutrons and act as a moderator of nuclear reactors, thus helping to realize the chain reaction of nuclear fission and complete the ignition of underground nuclear reactors.
The enhancement of cosmic rays causes electromagnetic induction in the earth and produces an induced current system. When the frequency of this induced current system is the same as the corresponding circuit composed of natural resistance R, natural inductance L and natural capacitance C formed by rocks in the geothermal field in the earth, a resonant circuit is formed. Inductive current system is used as voltage source to cause circuit resonance, and high voltage or large current will make the large resistance area in the circuit breakdown or thermal breakdown, and the resistance will become very small, resulting in large current. At the same time, the induced current system and the current in the natural electric field are superimposed to generate more energy, and the high current burns to form the breakdown channel material, which makes the breakdown channel expand in volume and produce outward shock waves when it is gasified and solidified into gas. When induced current and natural current pass through the gasification chamber, the gasification chamber will continue. According to the data of International Geophysical Year 1957, the average value of the induced current system generated at 30 north latitude and local time 1 1 0 km on the earth is 78000A a.
The electric field inside the earth includes geoelectric field and natural electric field. The former is the induced electric field generated by various current systems in the earth's atmosphere, and the latter is the contact diffusion electric field, electrochemical electric field and filtering electric field formed by rocks in the earth. In fact, there are various natural capacitances, natural inductances and natural resistances in the earth, which form a natural circuit. When the frequency is the same as the induced electric field, a resonant circuit is formed. When the induced current system is strong enough, it can produce a huge electric field in the earth.
When lightning strikes, the peak value of the main lightning current is 10000 ~ 20000 A, which can raise the temperature of the air column in the lightning passage to 30000K K. Correspondingly, the earth itself will also generate a corresponding strong resonance current, which can burn the solid components that can break through the passage into a gasification state. Inductive resonance can also provide temperature and pressure conditions for nuclear fission. In addition to the advanced thermonuclear power source mentioned above, there are nuclide-level energy sources described by Mr. Zeng's new atomism, which can exceed hundreds of millions of times of nuclear energy, and even more advanced energy sources may exist, such as white holes, black holes, antimatter, nova and supernova explosions. Whether there is such energy on the earth, according to the strength of the circular surge structure, there must be similar energy. When the latest state of the earth is deeply studied and the geodynamic theory of strong explosion of the earth is further mature, this kind of energy will definitely exist. At that time, the unacceptable advanced concepts in geology today will no longer be doubted, but will become the theoretical routine knowledge to guide geological practice.
There are many ultra-high energy environments in the universe, such as nova, supernova, white dwarf explosion, neutron star with the mass of tens of millions of times that of the earth and the density of 10 18kg/m3, super giant energy with the mass equivalent to 20 solar systems, white holes, black holes and antimatter. The earth is expanding at a rate of 0.24 ~ 0.6 mm/year (average 0.5 mm/year) (4.5 mm/year since Paleozoic, 7.6 ~ 9.4 mm/year since Permian and 5.2 mm/year since 654.38+55 million years). This extraordinary movement, who can guarantee that there is no such ultra-dense matter and extremely high energy inside the earth, which is triggering and stimulating the exchange of power on the earth? Besides, many modern serious disasters have no powerful power source, is it possible?
3. Temporal and spatial development and evolution of circular surge structure.
When the earth's surface is not solidified, similar to the first solar flare, when the thermonuclear power is exhausted, it will enter the low-temperature sunspot stage and form the Phanerozoic disk-like eruption crust of the earth. This solid block can be ablated and reformed many times in the later stage until the limited craton remains in the geological stage and the thermonuclear reaction center sinks from the surface. So the Archaean geological process is basically the solidification of the surface and the separation and differentiation of magma. Strong volcanism formed basic and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks and volcanic sedimentary rocks, and later turned into greenstone, forming the core of the original continent, and then formed the long-term evolution process of aluminosilicate granites. With the deep metamorphism of magma, the initial crust was formed. Aluminosilicate clusters float on the basic mantle of basic and ultrabasic rocks in islands, and dark rocks often penetrate into granite geological bodies by virtue of their strong thermal power and become later crystalline basement complexes. After the longest geological history, most Archean complex shields still maintain a circular outline, but the interior is fragmented and full of many late components. For example, the Taishan compound shield in the center of the North China Craton may have seen primitive hydrosphere and sedimentary rocks 4 billion years ago (Figure 2-28).
During the Proterozoic period from 2.5 billion to 540 million years ago, although metamorphic rocks, volcanic rocks, volcanic sedimentary rocks and sedimentary rocks appeared in a large area on the earth's surface, this phenomenon of gushing out from the deep was still the main form of the earth's geological movement. They are hidden under the Archean magma-metamorphic complex dome and Proterozoic metamorphic-sedimentary rocks, volcanoes-volcanic sedimentary rocks and metamorphic magma dome, which promote the endogenous and exogenous geology of various geological profiles. The ancient Yongquan structure, in the form of "honeycomb coal", promotes the activities of ancient geological fields individually or in groups, and dominates the flow and transportation of material energy. The general pattern can be summarized as Figure 2-29.
Since Paleozoic, the composition of the annular structure has become more complex, including all traces of construction and transformation and historical changes since Phanerozoic and Archean. Fortunately, the subsequent research on stratigraphy, petrology and structural geology has accumulated detailed information, which can help us analyze the deep foundation and background of the round surge structure. However, the previous geological data are not all true and detailed, and the characteristics of many ring structures are not vividly portrayed, which still need to be studied and restored. The younger the round surge structure, the clearer its own morphological signs, but it is interfered by more historical relics, which needs careful analysis and research. See Figure 2-30 for the structural model of annular surge since Paleozoic.
The younger the structure, the more precious its theoretical significance and practical value. Therefore, we should focus on the research and development of Mesozoic and Cenozoic structures in recent 200 million years. For a single gush and a gush group with genetic dynamic edge, it may last for tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of years, such as the Emei gush group 270 million years ago, which may have multiple eruption channels, thermal gush periods and corresponding spatial structures. If the diameter is taken as the ordinate and the time as the abscissa, the activity sequence of a surge center is drawn, which is the energy attenuation and continuous time-history curve of the surge system (Figure 2-3 1). Generally, the surge structure in the previous stage has been melted by the structure in the latter stage, so only the evolution process in the second half is seen, which will be very useful for monitoring large-scale thermal network in the future.
Figure 2-28 Formation model of mud volcano and central lava shield in primitive crust
Figure 2-29 Convection Structure of Archean-Proterozoic Earth
Fig. 2-30 the annular wave structure of the earth after Paleozoic.
Figure 2-3 1 energy attenuation curve of circular surge cluster