The mountains and rivers and lakes in Wu Dongxiu are full.
Clouds cover the city.
Yelv should be aware of this.
Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see jade walking in the clouds.
The famous Ziyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Ziyang Mountain. Up to now, on the cliff of Ziyang Mountain, there is still a lively and graceful inscription of Ziyang Academy.
Academy or villa, quiet house, study room, study room. Academy is an important institution of China culture and an important system in the history of human education. The word academy was founded by Zhu as a representative of private lectures, but since the Tang Dynasty, it has been used to refer to privately-run schools. It is a cultural and educational organization and academic research institution for China literati to accumulate, create and spread culture around books, including book collection, reading, teaching, book telling, book writing and book engraving. It had a great influence on the development of ancient education, the cultivation of talents, politics, ideology and culture.
The former site of Ziyang Academy was originally the former residence of Zhou Wen in Qing Dynasty, and the new Confucian Square in Fengshanmen. In the forty-second year of Kangxi (1703), both Zhejiang and Zhejiang transported salt to make Kaohsiung levy, donated money to buy land and built more academies. Wang Mingrui, a salt merchant, made a fortune with his peers. According to the Records of Qiantang River in Kangxi, Gao was born in Weinan, Guangxi. He is a man who respects teachers and values morality. "From the Ming Dynasty to Jingxing, to Zhejiang, I care about businessmen and love the people. I am an excellent midwife in my spare time. He specially built a college, thinking that scholars will learn literary talent, delay teachers, and bow to school art every month to attract successful people. "
Ziyang Academy, formerly known as Ziyang Mountain Villa, is also called Ziyang Temple or Temple because it is located at the foot of Ziyang Mountain and has the same name as Zhu's Ziyang character. The start-up expenses of Ziyang Mountain Villa, as well as the regular annual expenses thereafter, all came from the fund-raising donations of Anhui salt merchants who obtained industrial and commercial registration in Hangzhou at that time. Because the salt merchants obtained industrial and commercial registration, their children can go to Hang Cheng Academy to study, take various exams, gain fame and become officials, so they are willing to pay for it out of their own pockets and give it to the Academy at a loss. A few days later, Ziyang Mountain Villa was named Ziyang Academy, where students studied. In addition to Zhejiang, there are Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Shaanxi, Guizhou and other places, all related to commemorating Zhu, a famous thinker and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty.
When Ziyang Academy was first built, it was "in the middle of the hall, giving Zhu a place". After that, there are five clouds deep, Zanhua Pavilion and places near the water tower. There are two scenes in every ten places, all of which are extremely beautiful in Yanquan "("Hangdu Miscellaneous Ode "). Zhang Taijiao wrote in the inscription of Ziyang Mountain Villa that the architectural landscape of Polar Academy is quiet: "There is a building in the middle, a pool next to it, and there is spring water in the pool, which is clear and lovely. There is a drawing room in the back, with uneven red and green, and the steps are covered. Fold this again, and gradually climb the heights of Wu Shan, overlooking, Qianjiang River, the holy lake are all in a few seats. There are also natural stone gates, winding stone paths, ancient trees, flowers and birds, which are fun and have no noise of the city. "
In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Xu Youwei, deputy envoy of Ningshao, donated money for reconstruction. During the Qianlong period, the funds of Ziyang Academy increased, and it was not enough to rely solely on business donations. Therefore, official funds were allocated under Zhejiang and Zhejiang Salt Affairs to apply. In the twenty-four years of Qianlong (1759), Zhejiang Salt Post Road was originally dedicated to wearing, donating money to help the fire, setting up strict courses, opening prisons and managing various affairs. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), Governor Wang Zhangui rebuilt it. In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), there were 328 students and apprentices, and there were not enough seats. So, I visited Yanfeng Salt Administration, returned to the former site of Chaotai, and built five tall buildings. Ruan Yuan, the governor of Zhejiang Province, wrote "Notes on the Guanlan Building of Ziyang Academy", saying: "Those who are born and educated are all aiming at the avenue, and one chapter will be completed." A cloud from Zhu in Guanlanlou Couplet Collection:
The sun and the moon are two rounds of heaven and earth, and poetry and books are sages.
In the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing (1820), Lin Zexu was appointed as Hangjiahu Road, and implemented the system of "allowance for moving up and down with the class" in the academies of Wenfu, Chongwen and Ziyang in Hangzhou, which changed the style of scholars. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), Chen Qitai, the superintendent of the Academy, planned to build the Academy, and Wang Youling, the magistrate of Hangzhou, was appointed as Lian. Zhao Zhong Temple was built in the back of the Academy, but Zhao Zhong was not built in the left of the Academy. After the completion, Wang Youling wrote an inscription for Ziyang Academy:
Xun attaches great importance to Confucianism and teaches Xin 'an, but knows little about it.
Celebrities stayed to talk about houses, and politics spread to the Bohai Sea, so they had to make up for it.
In the 11th year of Xianfeng (186 1), the Taiping Army captured Hangzhou for the second time. In the fierce offensive and defensive war between the two armies, Wenfu Academy, Chongwen Academy and Ziyang Academy were all destroyed by soldiers.
Tongzhi four years (1865), the political envoy Jiang Yili allocated official funds to rebuild Ziyang Academy. Jian Jun Lu demolished the temple and opened Ziyang Academy. In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), Yang Changjun, the provincial judge, used his salary to buy land and sent Gao Qingpei, the governor of Ma Xinyi of Zhejiang Salt Administration, to build 20 houses with public funds. In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Jiang Yili, Minister of Political Affairs, requested that 38 buildings and halls be built under the salt. At this point, Ziyang Academy became a first-class academy with perfect facilities. Xu Shu proudly said in "Rebuilding Ziyang Academy": "The Third Academy of Wulin (Hangzhou) is a generation of outstanding talents. Ziyang is alone at the foot of the south mountain of the city, very close to the ground. It is a show of scholars, fertile, and one of them is prosperous. "
Time flies. In the spring of 200 1, a stone incense burner engraved with the words "Ziyang Academy" was unearthed in Ziyang Primary School, which is rare in universities all over the country. CCTV and provincial and municipal media reported that Professor Deng Hongbo from Yuelu College of Hunan University had made a special trip to Ziyang Primary School. The location of the academy must choose the winning area. Academy architecture pays attention to "the combination of goodness and beauty". It takes "harmony between man and nature" as its highest ideal, and deliberately pursues the artistic conception of "blending scenes". The academy has beautiful environment, elegant architecture and unique features. Ziyang Academy, near Wu Shan, has an elegant environment and many places of interest. The academy is built on the mountain, with simple architecture and beautiful scenery. Pavilions and pavilions are dotted among them, which are full of Jiangnan garden characteristics. On the hillside, peaches and plums are in pieces, and plum and bamboo are in forests; The rockery pool under the hillside is shaded by trees. Along the mountain, you enter along the path, which is a first-class step overlooking the city and Qianjiang West Lake, as in the belt.
There are Yuyuetang, Nangong Boat, Wuyunshan, Chuncaochi, Xulingting, Zanhuating, Bieyoutian, Shishijing, Chaocui Pavilion, luoquan, Parrot Stone, Bijiafeng, Fishing Rock, Jingjing Pavilion, Guanlan Building, Jinghui Hall, Tide Watching Platform and Jingjing Rock in the Academy. Today, some scenic spots are still faintly discernible. Ziyang Villa is one of the "Hundred Scenes of West Lake" in Hangzhou in Qing Dynasty, and it is also one of the "Ten Scenes in the City" in Hangzhou in Qing Dynasty. Among the 18 famous scenic spots of West Lake in Qing Dynasty, Wu Shan Grand View, Wu Shan Ten Scenes, Yao Taiwan Province Dialect (Xuan Tong Watching Pearl) and Ludu Qushui (Xuan Tong Watching Luquan) are all in Ziyang Academy. In the Hundred Poems of West Lake written by Chai Kai, a poet in Qing Dynasty, there are five sentences of "Ziyang Mountain Villa", which describe the scenery and cultural prosperity of the academy:
Even the mountains are green and harmonious, yearning for Ziyang Jun.
The flying pavilion is close to the fragrant trees, with high windows and white clouds.
Clear and delicate thinking, pure and elegant.
1 1 Thinking about music and education, Confucianism is the grave.
Both Zhejiang and Zhejiang shipped salt, which led to a song in Kaohsiung called Twelve Poems of Ziyang Villa:
Leyutang
Go to the hall to stop the crown gentry and repair Myanmar before. How can I forget my joy when I pitch as a gentleman and an apprentice?
Nangongzhou
If you don't set foot on Ji Ran's boat, you will come to this bare boat. A picture of Mi Jiashan is like the shadow of a spring sail.
In the depths of five clouds
Looking up at the three episodes, the light of the kui is reflected in the north. Up to the fifth floor, Qingyun is walking around people's feet.
another day
All the way into the castle peak, there are countless green edges. Looking up at the clouds and Chinese law, there is no Taoyuan Road.
Looking for the way of poetry
Martial arts doesn't count. Poetry and thoughts are blind dates. This road is also common, find a few people.
Watch the tidal platform
White water rolls the sky, regardless of Tianshui. Land and sea meet Pan Hai, and so do caves.
Chaocuiting
Sunset stars, flying green reflecting the mountains. Sitting on a bird's skin is really like Taikoo Wo.
Luoquan
The mountain is like a bun, and the water spoon drops. Mr. Wang is thirsty and wants to drink water, so the red snail helps himself.
Parrot stone
Ancient people talked in Japanese, and their tongues were cloudy and rotten. The drupe speaks for itself, and the empty mountain tunes the parrot.
Bijiafeng
Flying dreams around three mountains, floating in the sky. When I wake up, the poem has been written, so it's time to recite it.
Fishing in the rocks
Trim the nylon with your left hand, and open the book with your right hand. It's a hundred feet long, but it's not far.
Zanhua pavilion
Magnolia blossoms in the mountain pavilion, I am suspicious of the jade department. Look at the people in the pavilion and the flowers in the forest.
(Zhejiang Salt Law Record)
1985, the scenic spots and historical sites in Wu Shan are listed as "Wu Shan Tianfeng", one of the "Ten Scenes of the New West Lake". At that time, Damon had a poem "Wu Shan Tianfeng":
Based on the top of Wushan Mountain, it is stormy and late autumn.
Qiantang tidal bore is like a roar, and thousands of valleys are full of thunder leaves.
The former site of Ziyang Academy is the location of Xuan Tong Pavilion in Southern Song Dynasty. Up to now, there is still a statue of Xuan Tong Temple in Southern Song Dynasty, a key cultural relic protection unit in Zhejiang Province, in Ziyang Primary School. According to Tian Rucheng and The Journey to the West in Ming Dynasty, "In the 29th year of Shaoxing (1 159), Liu Ao became a servant, entered the Taoist temple and settled here. (Song) Emperor Gaozong wrote a book called Xuan Tong, which is called Truth. There are Shouyulou, Wanyuxuan, Wanghe Pavilion, Arena, Baihequan and Luquan. " "Looking at the bamboo cinema, there is no heat in the red sun." Therefore, Xuan Tong view is also called "Xuan Tong Summer Resort".
In the Ming Dynasty, Yu Bosheng wrote poems describing the beautiful scenery of Xuan Tong.
The fairy altar is remote from the real palace. The more Chu it is, the more Fujian it is, and the more ocean it looks like.
The north and south peaks are cloudy, and it is rainy in the east and west.
The golden wheel spins the fairy sound, and the pavilion returns home.
There is no clear trace of Yun Crane Immortal, so when it sails, it turns to look at three peaks.
Opposite Ziyang Academy is the "Ancestral Temple Site of Southern Song Dynasty", one of the sites of Lin 'an City in Southern Song Dynasty, a national key cultural relic protection unit. On the left side of Ziyang Academy are the national key cultural relics protection unit "Madi Geci Sculpture in Baocheng Temple in Yuan Dynasty" and the Hangzhou key cultural relics protection unit "Ganhuayan Poetry Sculpture in Ming Dynasty". Behind Ziyang Academy is the statue of the Five Dynasties Stone Buddha Temple, a key cultural relic protection unit in Hangzhou. These scenic spots are all famous in Hang Cheng.
Ziyang Academy has beautiful scenery, beautiful scenery, pleasant mountains and rivers, unlimited weather, elegance and grace, and Zhong Ling is outstanding in beauty. Its meaningful cultural taste and immortal humanistic spirit are fascinating. Strolling through the academy, the scholarly stone tablets, plaques and couplets are intoxicating. Now, when we walk into the garden of the former site of Ziyang Academy, we can see the grass, trees, bricks and stones, pools, objects and vicissitudes of life here, and we can strongly feel the edifying power of nature on people. Therefore, it is indeed an ideal place for literati to talk about literature, and it is also an excellent place to study and cultivate their sexual ability.
In order to carry forward the Chinese academy culture and inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of Ziyang Academy. On October 200 1 winter, Liu Jiang, Zhu Guantian, Guo and other famous calligraphers were invited to write "Jinghuitang", "Xulingting", "Guanlan Building" and "Leyutang" for the teaching building of Ziyang Primary School, so as to educate students to know the motherland, their hometown and love the school.
Bookstore teaching
Ziyang Academy, a lecturer in his later years, was constantly changing, attending classes every day, traveling every month, and abiding by the rules of Bailudong formulated by Zhu himself. The formation of a complete and rigorous college education system includes the purpose of running a school, teaching methods, selection and appointment of presidents and teachers, sources of funds, organization and management, and collection of books. , is clearly defined. Strict management is another feature of the college.
The rules and regulations of Ziyang University and the requirements for students are very strict. For example, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Hongmou wrote "The Covenant of Ziyang Academy": "First, the reader's heart is made at sunrise and used every day. If you can't read notes, forget it." "First of all, any casual communication will not only hinder legitimate business, but also become more and more exaggerated." "First, the expectations of ordinary people depend on their self-cultivation, occasionally stumbling, and then things are discussed, so don't be afraid." And pointed out: "The above items are a general outline. If a husband is determined to save his life, respect poverty and live, he can only take care of the whole thing (Historical Materials of Chinese Academy). This kind of contract, the so-called learning concept, covers a wide range of contents, roughly speaking, there are three ends. First, establish the purpose of running a school and giving lectures, declare the educational policy of the academy, set lofty goals for all students, set goals for colleagues, aim high for the future, and cultivate correct life ideals. The second is to stipulate the procedures and methods of moral cultivation and self-cultivation, which is not only rational analysis and persuasion, but also the establishment of daily moral norms. The speaker just wants to provide more perfect help to scholars. Third, the ways and means to guide reading and learning are mostly the experience summary of climbing mountains and learning the sea for a long time. Speaking from the heart and concentrating, whether it is positive guidance or negative warning, can be regarded as the theoretical crystallization of practical experience in university education. This kind of learning rule was not only regarded as school rules and school motto, but also recited to warn students, which had far-reaching influence.
For example, during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Zhang Boxing's "Ziyang Academy Showing Students" recorded: "Ziyang Academy was established to make people with lofty ideals pay attention to learning. Today, scholars from all directions have come in succession and changed their minds? Yu Wei: Therefore, we should not only teach students the classic and just principles, but also teach them the stable rules, in which the procedures are endless. Today, I want to learn from it and get it. I set up eight courses, which are listed on the left. I hope all students will abide by it and don't be lazy ... "(Historical Materials of Chinese Academy). This charter is different from the grand pursuit of academic rules, emphasizing meticulous practices and operability, and its contents are mostly the selection, appointment, treatment and responsibility of mountain leaders; Screening, admission, grading and examination of students and apprentices, as well as the date, content and rewards and punishments of the examination; Selection of teaching materials and arrangement of teaching time; Fund raising, management and expenditure; Book collection, sorting, cataloging, borrowing and so on are concrete and rigid regulations, which are intended to maintain the normal operation of the academy from all aspects. It is a concrete and vivid reflection of the academy system and the management level of the academy.
The art of Ziyang Academy is also quite complete. From the 28th year of Daoguang (1848) to the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), eight episodes of Zhejiang Ziyang Academy Art were published. According to "Eight Chapters of Teaching Arts in Ziyang Academy" written by Ye Jun, the Governor of Zhejiang Province in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1), "After self-humiliation, teaching arts must worship eight episodes, seeking the help of Zhu (Wen Bing) and Xu Zishe (suburb) and literature of Guangdong and Guangxi. What books do students read? Judging from the contents of Leiyi Catalogue, there are thirteen Confucian classics, namely Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shi Mao, Zhou Li, Yili, Li Ji, Zuoshi Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period, Gongyang Biography, Guliang Biography, Analects of Confucius and Filial Piety. In addition, there are Tang poetry, Song ci and Yuan Qu.
The academy system began in the Tang Dynasty, so those famous academies collect books for scholars to exhibit. Ziyang Academy attaches great importance to the collection and arrangement of books, and has collected and printed many books with academic value. It has been engraved with two volumes of Tieqiao Ji, three volumes of Wenxitang Shu and two volumes of Wuyuan Landscape Ji, all of which are rare books in the Qing Dynasty and have preserved many ancient documents.
Ziyang Academy is the same as Wenfu Academy and Chongwen Academy in nature, and you don't need a special scholar to take the exam, that is, children who don't enter school can take the exam, and they can be named Japanese children's papers. The president of Ziyang Academy is appointed by Hanlin, Jinshi or famous scholars by the official hall. There is a prison below that manages hospital affairs. There are many dormitories in the yard for dropouts. Although there are few boarders in Hangzhou, there are many boarders in other counties. People from this province can come to study and board. According to the regulations, the dean must live on campus. The reward for outstanding students is today's name. The examination time is from February to 1 1 month every year. Take the exam twice a month. In the second lunar month class, the four departments of Fu, Fan, Yi and Yun take turns to make propositions. Or two articles and one poem, and only one day and one night. 16 class, proposed by the dean, due in two days. The new moon class on February 2nd is called screening. Colleges and universities have a certain number of places, and many candidates must be eliminated.
The person who scored the highest in the exam said he was superior, the next day was special, and he said he was the first. Super-class gains more cream fire, the top ten are more famous, followed by special class, and the first class has no cream fire. Those who take the official crescent class exam will be awarded extra prizes to the top ten students. Its number far exceeds that of burnt fire.
In September, 20001year, Xu Shoucheng and Wang Xuhua, a school history compilation team of Ziyang Primary School, went to the Ancient Books Department of Gushan Branch of Zhejiang Library to search for information about Ziyang Academy in the data warehouse of the library, and accidentally found two frames of original examination papers of Ziyang Academy students. Class papers, examination papers. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially in the Qing dynasty, there were many classes in the academy, and each class was given papers. There are not many original course exams in the world. In addition to the original examination volume of Yuelu Academy in Qing Dynasty in Hunan Library, the original examination volume of Ziyang Academy in Qing Dynasty in Zhejiang Library is precious. The examination papers of Xu Lvzhuang, a boy from Ziyang College, and Wang Yunqing, a student, are made of earthenware paper and light yellow. Roll length 106 cm, width 26 cm, 10% discount. Each volume has a cover with the students' names, categories and rankings written on it, and is stamped with the seal of Ziyang Academy. The word "Ziyang Academy" is exactly the same as the four-character regular script of Shi Xiang book burner "Ziyang Academy" recently unearthed in Ziyang Primary School. There are teachers' marks, eyebrows and comments in the class papers. The cover is also engraved with the requirements for candidates: if you follow the cover metaphor, you must be removed from the list. It shows that the management of the examination system in Ziyang Academy was quite standardized at that time.
Ziyang of Shi Sheng
The dean of the academy is the host of the ancient academy, also known as the head of the mountain, also known as the master of teaching and lecturing, and presided over the teaching work. Ziyang Academy, "In a proper metropolis, the magnificent scenery of mountains and rivers is enough to strengthen its literary glory and immerse itself in it." At this time, a group of heroes suddenly came and people gathered together. Academies attach importance to "respecting teachers and attaching importance to education" and "respecting teachers and loving students". Most of the college professors are scholars who "worship orthodoxy, reject heresy, know morality, be good at wind and be practical", and are deeply loved by students and respected by the people. Teachers and students have a harmonious relationship and deep feelings. The dean of Ziyang Academy has always been a famous scholar and celebrity. For example, Fu of Yongzheng was the third person who was not a scholar of Kangxi and was awarded editing. He is the editor-in-chief of records of the west lake and Yongzheng Zhejiang Tongzhi, the first books of West Lake in ancient and modern times, and a famous historian in Qing Dynasty. Lu in Qianlong period was a famous collator in Qing Dynasty. According to Zhao Jishi's Collation of Mr. Lu Baojing's Handwritten Notes, there are more than 265,438+00 kinds, and all the classics of collating notes are inscribed as Baojingtang series. The author of Supplementary Notes on Mandarin is Gong Lizheng, the son-in-law of Duan Yucai, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty. His son Gong Zizhen is a famous thinker and writer in modern China. His life is rich in works. Together with Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, he initiated a progressive trend of thought, which criticized the current disadvantages, resisted foreign aggression and applied the world. He had a far-reaching influence on the advocacy of reform; Mingda Xiang was a famous mathematician in Qing Dynasty, especially good at geometry and trigonometric functions. His exposition on "cutting rate" has a preliminary calculus thought. There are quite a lot of works. Now there is only one volume of Illustration of Six Techniques of Xia Xue Temple Sentences and another book, Original Images, which died before it was finished. Xia Tongshan in Guangxu period was edited by imperial academy, and Weng Tonghe, a bachelor of cabinet, was appointed as Professor Yuqing Palace. He once rehabilitated the case of "Yang Naiwu and Chinese Cabbage". Sun Yiyan, the father of Sun Yirang, a famous Confucian scholar and philologist in Qing Dynasty, was an official of Taibu Temple, edited and edited for imperial academy, participated in the compilation of A Record of Xuanzong, and worked in Ryukyu imperial academy. He is a giant in Yongjia who revives the study of statecraft, and he has written ten volumes of Xun Xuezhai Wen Chao.
These generations of Confucian masters took the academy as the base to spread their academic views, which promoted the development of academic culture in Zhejiang and trained many outstanding talents. Therefore, Ziyang Academy is full of stars and talents, with peaches and plums all over the south of the Yangtze River. When people have a poem praise yue:
Wen Zao divides the stars equally, and talents do their best.
Ehu Deer Cave has a long history and is learning who will inherit Ziyang.
("West Lake Fishing Song")
There is Ziyang Mountain in front of the rivers and lakes, and there are pavilions and villas under the mountain.
Le Cai Hong Yu, come here to propose a toast.
Spring breeze turns into rain, and the sea is cold between the fingers of the tiger.
Read more inscriptions, Guanlan Tower is a sage pass.
(Ziyang Academy)
Ziyang Temple is lush, and the autumn festival is strictly worshipped and danced.
I always hope that the disciples of Wulin sages can abide by the ancient customs of the Qing Dynasty.
("Ziyang Autumn Festival")
Ziyang is the head of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, enjoying the cool air in the porch window overlooking Lanting.
The shade of flowers does not diminish the goose lake, and the grass in the deer cave is still fragrant.
Nine subjects give up, and the tile bucket is sticky.
I was disappointed in the end. In order to remember the mourning, I worshipped the Taoist temple.
(Ziyang Mountain Villa)
According to Sun's Story Record of Zhejiang Ziyang Academy (Wenzhou Library Manuscript), among the outstanding students of Ziyang Academy, the father of Qiu Jin, a "Jianhu girl" (now Shaoxing), died in the 12th year of Tongzhi (1879) and "graduated from Hangzhou". Qiu Nanshou had a great influence on the life of Qiu Jin revolution. Dinghai Huang Yizhou was a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. He has been engaged in educational activities in some counties for a long time and once taught at Jiangyin Nanjing Academy. Wang, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou), advocated political reform after the Sino-Japanese War. He joined the Shanghai Strong Society, ran a current affairs newspaper together with Xia Cengyou, invited Liang Qichao as the editor-in-chief, publicized the political reform, and put forward the ideas of cultivating talents, promoting business, stressing military preparation and "participating in civil rights" under absolute monarchy.
How many students are there in Ziyang College? In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), Ruan Yuan, the governor of Zhejiang Province, recorded the exact mathematics in the Guanlan Building of Ziyang Academy, calling it "328 students". In the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), Shan Changsun said in the preface to the seal cutting class: "At that time, scholars from other counties traveled to and from the provincial wall, and the Third Academy (,Chongwen and Ziyang) could not tolerate it. Ziyang is in the city, especially by many people, and the sound of chanting is all over the city, and the forest fires at night; Every time Wang Shuo takes an exam, there are as many as "six or seven hundred papers", which shows that there are many students in Ziyang College. In the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), the owner of the mountain, Shen Mozhuang, selected three prefaces of engraving art, saying that "Ziyang is the cradle of Zhejiang humanities, among which scholars are twice as educated as Jishan (Academy). "Mangshan Academy is a famous academy in Zhejiang founded by Liu in the late Ming Dynasty. Ziyang Academy has twice as many students as Mangshan Academy.
During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Ziyang Academy had the largest number of students and apprentices among the four colleges in Zhejiang, far exceeding the other three colleges. Wenfu Academy (now Wansongling) was destroyed twice by soldiers, and it never recovered after reconstruction. Coupled with being located outside the city, there are fewer children going to school and the house is gradually deserted. During Guangxu period, another "writing teaching hut" was built in the east of Kuixiang, Hang Cheng (now Hangzhou No.7 Middle School), but the scale was not large due to space reasons. Chongwen Academy (now West Lake opposite Hongqiao), because of the city separation, it is difficult for students to travel back and forth, and few people leave school. The Drum Hill of the West Lake shines on Jingjing Club (now the West Lake Art Museum) in the west of Dan Tai. In this series, the inspector Ruan tried to compile the Classic Collection. Candidates are not stereotyped writing, but classics, history and ci. There are not many students.
Modify the end
After the Opium War, due to the invasion of capitalism, China's feudal society gradually disintegrated and gradually became a colonial and semi-colonial society, and social relations have undergone profound changes. Reflected in the field of education, various new schools gradually emerged, gradually replacing Confucianism and academies, and the system of taking scholars in imperial examinations lasted for thousands of years, and was finally abolished. The history of modern education in China began.
In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), the Qing government ordered that academies in various states and counties should be changed into schools, and secondary schools and western learning should also be taught. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), after the abolition of the imperial examination, all the provincial, prefectural and county-level academies were changed into three-level schools. It enables the academy to move from ancient times to modern times and modernity, and it can run through the blood of China education.
The earliest government-run primary school in Hangzhou in modern times was May 28th (lunar calendar) in the 28th year of Guangxu reign (1902). With the approval of Xiao Zhihui of Renhe County, wangtong, president of Ziyang College in Taimiao Lane, transformed Ziyang College into Renhe County School (county-owned primary school). It is two months earlier than the Qiantang County School, which was restructured from Chongwen Academy in Jinsha Port, West Lake. Renhe county school is funded by the former college, with an annual income of 6200 yuan. Wangtong, the first dean, enrolled 130 students in four grades and graduated in four years.
In August of the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Qiantang County School (formerly Chongwen Academy) in Jinsha Port of West Lake moved to Taimiao Lane and merged with Renhe County School to become Ren Qian County School. In the first month of the following year (1906), Qiantang County School was separated from it. At this point, the Zhougongjing residential building near Huimin Road was established separately and renamed as Qiantang County Senior Primary School Hall. Renhe County School was renamed Renhe County Senior High School, and the funds were co-ordinated with Francisco, with an annual cost of about 5,000 yuan.
From the establishment of Ziyang Mountain Villa to the end of Ziyang Academy, * * * reached 199, which experienced the process from business to official. Academy is an ancient cultural heritage of civilization and progress. Over the past two centuries, Ziyang Academy has trained a large number of talents for Zhejiang and benefited the people. Influenced by the academy, Hangzhou people feel their kindness. The tree monument of Ziyang Academy reads:
At the entrance of Fengshan, there are villas and wings. At the foot of the pillow mountain, the river leads it. The water in the pool is clear and the ground is covered with ancient trees. Shimen winding path, standing and hovering. Walk through the camp and recite the strings. The forehead is Ziyang, and the ambition is a saint. Bandits are works, but Tao's shoulders. Just for a month, slash. The four people in the country are headed by scholars. Style Fangshan customs, wind education first. It is a great honor to treat each other sincerely and return the courtesy.
(Inscription on Ziyang Mountain Villa)
Chinese academies flourished in the middle Tang Dynasty and took shape in the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. They flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, continued in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and ended in the late Qing Dynasty. It has a far-reaching impact on the traditional culture of China. Chinese academies developed with the prosperity of Neo-Confucianism and ended their historical mission with the intervention of foreign cultures. However, his educational thoughts, educational theories, teaching principles, teaching methods and school-running measures still inspire our educational culture today and are worth learning from.