After the secondary bud grows, leave three leaves to pinch the tip.

Then grow back a little, leave three leaves to pinch the tip, and so on.

The secondary branches of grapes refer to the branches of summer buds on the main branches. Because the buds of grapes are precocious, with the elongation of new shoots in a year, summer buds between leaf axils can germinate secondary buds several times in turn, forming secondary buds and tertiary buds.

Sometimes in order to control the vigorous growth of trees, the secondary branches of summer buds are cut off. The winter bud branches near the hair clipper are called winter bud secondary branches. The biggest difference from summer bud secondary branches is that there are scales at the base of winter bud secondary branches.

Physiological characteristics of appendix tip

positive results

Secondary branches can increase the leaf area of plants, directly promote the development of winter buds in leaf axils, help the differentiation of flower buds and increase the sugar content of grape berries.

The characteristics of rapid growth of secondary branches can also be used for rapid shaping to cultivate fruiting branches in the second year, so that young trees can have high yield in the second year of planting.

Excellent varieties can also use secondary branches for green branch cutting and grafting propagation.

harmful effect

● If it is neglected to control and allowed to grow, it will easily lead to closed shelf surface and poor ventilation and light transmission conditions, followed by slow berry growth, large color difference and low sugar content. At the same time, there are some problems such as serious diseases, early defoliation and poor maturity of branches and buds, which seriously affect the yield and quality of the next year.

●? If the control of secondary branches is too strict and heavy, it will stimulate a large number of winter buds to germinate, which will not only affect the annual output, but also lead to small fruit grains due to a large loss of leaf area in the current year. Although the light is good and the coloring is fast, the berries are not sweet, and even the "irrigation" disease occurs, which loses the commodity value.

Therefore, timely and reasonable management, control and utilization of secondary branches is a very important measure to improve the level of grape production. Of course, control and utilization are also relative. It's just a key point at a certain stage.

Secondary tip processing technology

Secondary shoot management of young trees

The management principle of young grape trees is to continuously expand the shelf surface and cultivate the fruiting branches, so that young grape trees can be put into production as soon as possible. On the basis of strengthening the comprehensive management of fertilizer and water, the auxiliary tips are controlled and utilized according to the requirements of the selected frame shape.

In principle, it is required to core the main branch 20 cm below the first row of the fruit box surface, and cultivate the bearing mother branch with 2~4 auxiliary branches.

After the new shoots of these 2~4 fruiting mother branches are elongated and cored according to the requirements of the tree body, the secondary branches should be properly retained. Except for the elongation of the top secondary branch with 4~6 leaves for coring, the other secondary branches can keep 1~2 leaves for repeated coring.

For secondary branches, 3~5 leaves can be left on the top primary branch, and all secondary branches in other parts can be removed.

This method is beneficial to the development of winter buds, and is suitable for expanding the extension branches on the shelf surface and the development branches with large growth space, and preparing to cultivate new vines. When the secondary branch is used for rapid shaping, one secondary branch can be selected from new shoots or robust secondary branches for positioning culture every 1~2 buds (nodes) to make it become the future fruiting mother branch, and the rest secondary branches can be smoothed.

Result tree sub-hint management

For vines that have entered a large number of fruits, the secondary buds should be based on? "Control-supplement-control" requirements.

From germination to flowering and fruit setting: it is in the transitional stage of using trees to store nutrients and using leaves of the current year to make nutrients. It is necessary to concentrate the nutrition of trees for flowering, fruit setting and promoting flower bud differentiation.

Before or at the beginning of flowering, shoot the main branches, keep some secondary branches, or keep the secondary branches above the inflorescence (keep 1~2 leaves for repeated coring), and all the secondary branches below the inflorescence are thinned out, or keep 1~2 secondary branches near the inflorescence (keep 1~2 leaves for repeated coring) for shading ears, so as to prevent it. This treatment method is beneficial to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the shelf surface and fruit development.

For varieties that don't explode in winter buds, such as Golden Finger, after the core is removed from the main tip for one week, only one secondary tip can be left at the top, and all other secondary tips can be erased. This management method of secondary branches is suitable for varieties with weak growth potential, such as Goldfinger, Black Balado, Red Labrador, Queen Nina and even Giant Rose.

For some varieties with strong growth potential and low fruit setting rate, such as Kyoho and Kyoho Grape, 1 week before flowering (leaving 2~4 leaves) is beneficial to improve fruit setting rate.

For some varieties that are easy to germinate and grow vigorously in winter, such as Meirenzhi, Weike and Kelunsheng seedless, the tip twisting method can be used. But the twist of the tip must be done when the main tip is long enough. If the main shoot starts to twist without 10 nodes, there will be no suitable fruit mother branches left in winter pruning.

Young fruits swell to color: at this stage, vines need a lot of organic nutrients to promote fruit swelling and flower bud differentiation, which is an important "complete" stage of accumulation while using. ?

At this time, vines not only need strong roots, but also need a lot of functional leaves to support them. At this time, however, the leaves on the main tip have stopped growing. The leaf function has reached the peak or started to decline, and the primary and secondary leaves have also grown, but there are few, so it is very necessary to have more backup leaves to supplement photosynthetic nutrition. ?

For secondary branches, take the heart lightly and leave more leaves. It not only has the extension of internodes, but also has more leaves. The leaves of the whole tree form a situation that "it runs in the family". It is beneficial to the expansion, sugar increase and coloring of berries before ripening. ?

The management of secondary branches at this stage is to supplement the leaf area. The management of auxiliary hints is to control and use it.

Fruit coloring to maturity: is it important for grape production? In the "sprint" stage, a lot of organic nutrition is needed to increase sugar and color.

At this stage, we should try our best to control unnecessary nutrition consumption. Remove all the buds and some old leaves that have become old and yellow. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizer and water should be controlled to make the leaves dark green and the photosynthetic capacity of the whole tree reach the peak. The control of secondary branches at this stage is also beneficial to the full development of branches and buds and the safe overwintering of trees.