Zhi Zhu

Chinese alias: Networm, Flat Pearl, Round Pearl

Latin scientific name: Araneida；; araneae

English name: spider

Classification:

Boundary: animals in the animal kingdom

Phylum: Arthropod phylum

Class: Arachnida, Arachnida

Objective: Araneae, Kerek, 1757.

Sub-order:

Mesoderm, mesoderm suborder.

Protospider suborder

Araneae, a new suborder of Araneae

Arthropoda (Arachnida): The general name for all species of Arachnida (Arachnida or Arachnida). It is distributed all over the world except Antarctica. From sea level to 5000 meters above sea level (16000 feet). It's all from earth. Body length 1? 90 mm (0.04? 3.5 inches). The body is divided into two parts: the chest (front) and the abdomen (back). The head and chest are covered with carapace and chest plate. There are six pairs of appendages on the head and chest. The first pair is pliers, with a forceps tooth and a poisonous gland opening at the tip of the forceps tooth. The pincers in the orthopalatine suborder move back and forth, and the pincers move laterally in the opposite direction; The second pair is whisker limbs, which are in the form of feet in female spiders and immature male spiders, and are used to hold food and act as sensory organs; However, in male adult spiders, the terminal part of the whisker limb will swell and become the interface for transporting sperm. There are four pairs of feet, which are divided into basal joint, trochanteric joint, calf joint, knee joint, tibiofibular joint, posterior tarsal joint, tarsal joint and tarsal joint (with claws on it). The foot is covered with bristles and has several sensory organs, such as fine hair (feeling airflow and vibration). After self-cutting, the next molting can be regenerated. Under 8 in one eye. Some foot muscles and palatal muscles are attached to the intrathoracic bones of the head and chest. There is a slender abdominal handle between the head and chest and abdomen. Because of the belly handle, the belly can swing freely when rotating. The nervous system is completely concentrated in the head and chest, and the brain (superior pharyngeal ganglion) is in the pharynx and inferior esophageal ganglion. Cracked sensory organs are scattered around the body or near the joints of the feet to control vibration or hearing.

The abdomen is not segmented, and there are digestive system, heart, reproductive organs and silk glands. When eating, first spit out digestive juice, digest it in vitro, and then inhale liquefied food. It has both book lung and trachea, but only book lung in Orthopalatine suborder and trachea in Palatina. In addition to arachnida, there are poisonous glands, which are located under claws or crustaceans. Poisonous gland tube passes through the opening of claw limb, close to the tooth end. Poisonous glands may originate from auxiliary digestive glands. The venom glands of many species of spiders are digestive enzymes, and some species can subdue prey and even fight predators (including vertebrates). The venom of widow spiders of Latrodectus, especially L. mactans, contains neurotoxicity and is very painful after being bitten. Black widows often hang upside down on the Internet, with black body color and red hourglass stripes on their bellies, and often a red stripe. The bite of brown parasitic spider (Loxosceles reclusa) leads to local necrosis. The chemical composition of spider silk is similar to that of insect silk, which is silk protein. Silk glands may come from excretory organs, and there are 6 types. Various silk glands produce different types of silk, the silk produced by cystic glands is used to bind prey, the ampullary glands produce cobweb spiral sticky balls, and the silk of circular glands forms egg sacs. The silk of the silk gland in the abdomen of male spiders is discharged from the spinning tube between the abdomen and the lungs, covering the surface of sperm droplets. The primitive Mesothelae family has only two kinds of silk glands, while the circular spider has six kinds. Abnormal spinning performance, 1? There are four pairs (two pairs of abdominal segments are 10 and 1 1 respectively), and most of them have three pairs, while the pair in the middle of the front row disappears or degenerates into a non-functional tongue-shaped or plane screen with thousands of spinnerets.

According to the literature, there are about 40,000 species of spiders in the world, and there are about 3,000 species recorded in China (as of June 2007165438+1October). They belong to 66 families and 39 families live in China.

The biggest spider is the Grissom Spider in the humid forests of South America. It weaves nets in the Woods, feeds on them and catches birds in traps. Male spiders are 38 centimeters wide when they open their claws. In order to show spiders, an adult male exhibition spider was once collected in the West Samore Islands, with a body length of only 0.043 cm, which is not as large as the printed period. Our bird-catching spider is nearly 10 cm in length, and is known as the "king of poisonous spiders in the world".

In China ancient books, spiders have many different names. For example, networms, flat beads and round beads are recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen: "Spiders are elegant and earthy, and there are nets in the soil".

Spiders have both advantages and disadvantages for human beings, but as far as their contribution is concerned, they are mainly beneficial insects. For example, in farmland, spiders prey on pests of crops. At the same time, spiders are recorded in many Chinese medicines, so it is of great significance to protect and utilize spiders. In particular, the protection of spiders in rice fields has three advantages: first, it can effectively stabilize the balance of biological populations; Secondly, reduce the residue of chemical pesticides in rice to ensure the safety of people and animals; Third, reducing production costs can increase production and income. Therefore, in the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, it is advocated to use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to carry out biological control and protect natural enemies.

There are many kinds of spiders, which are widely distributed and adaptable. They can live on the soil surface, soil, trees, grasslands, rocks, caves, watersides, low-lying areas, bushes, mosses, houses or make webs, or inhabit fresh water (such as water spiders) and coastal lakes (such as lake spiders). In short, there are traces of spiders in water, land and air.

Spiders, in animal taxonomy, belong to Arthropoda, Arachnida and Arachnida. Arachnida is a small or medium-sized arthropod, with 14 orders and 5 orders extinct. 66 families of 7 orders of Araneae have been found in China.

Edit the category division of this paragraph.

Araneae is divided into two suborders: ① There are more than 20 species of 1 family in China; ② Spinning suborder (about 107 family, nearly 40,000 species).

Among them, the post-spinning suborder is divided into A: Protospider suborder (about 14 family, 1500 species); B: New Araneae (about 93 families, more than 38,000 species).

Spiders are natural enemies of many agricultural and forestry pests and play an important role in biological control. Protecting and utilizing spiders has become an important part of biological control. Spiders can be used as medicine to treat diseases such as proctoptosis, sores and bromhidrosis. The venom of a few spiders, such as the black widow, is harmful to people and animals. Burrowing tarantulas of the Tarantula family are distributed in Europe and Asia, and are also common in Xinjiang, China, and their poison can kill people and animals. Some spider toxins contain hemolytic enzymes, which can cause local necrosis and ulceration of wound tissue and spread around.

There are many kinds of spiders. There are nearly 40,000 kinds of spiders in nature. These spiders can be roughly divided into three types: safari spiders, cobwebs spiders and cave spiders. The first kind will forage everywhere, and the second kind will wait for rabbits after weaving a net. Most people keep the third kind as pets: cave spiders. They like to hide in sand or holes and make a net at the hole. The net itself is not sticky, and it is purely used to sense the size of prey and hunt.

Edit the shape characteristics of this paragraph.

Spiders vary in length from 0.05 mm to 60 mm. The body is divided into chest and abdomen. Some species have breastplates at the back of the head and chest (some don't), and there are usually 8 monocular eyes (6, 4, 2, 0) at the front of the head and chest, arranged in 2 ~ 4 rows. There is a big chest plate on the ventral surface, and a lower lip between the two frontal lobes in front of the chest plate. The abdomen is not segmented, and the abdominal stalk evolved from 1 abdominal segment (the seventh body segment). The abdomen is mostly round or oval, and some have various strange-shaped protrusions. The ventral rotator evolved from appendages, and there are 8 primitive species, which are located slightly in the front; Most species have six spinnerets, which are located in front of the anus at the back of the body; Some species have four spinnerets, and there are many spinning tubes on the spinneret, which are connected with various silk glands, and the silk is spun from the spinning tubes. Sensory organs include eyes, various sensory hairs, auditory hairs, lyre and tarsal bones.

Spiders are covered by chitin exoskeleton, and their bodies are obviously divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen, which are often connected by a thin handle formed by the first abdominal segment, without tail segment or tail whip. Spiders don't have compound eyes, and they have six pairs of appendages on the head and chest. The first pair and the second pair belong to the cephalic appendage, in which the first pair is mostly 2 joints, the enlarged part at the base is a claw, the tapered part at the end is divided into claws, and the teeth are tubular. There are poisonous glands in the claws or head and chest, from which the venom is secreted. The second pair of appendages, called foot whiskers, are shaped like walking feet, but have only six joints. The base joint forms a jaw-shaped protrusion near the mouth, which can help feed, while the female spider's foot whiskers have little change, while the male spider's foot whiskers are specialized as reproductive auxiliary organs, which have the structure of storing and transmitting sperm, called limb-touching devices. The third to sixth pairs of appendages are walking feet, consisting of seven joints, with claws at the end and a cluster of bristles under the claws, which are suitable for crawling on smooth objects.

Most spiders have poisonous glands, with claws and claws. Most burrowing spiders move up and down, but they prey on the ground, and spiders that web in the air sweep around like pliers.

No tentacles, no wings, no compound eyes, only one eye, usually 8 eyes, but there are also 6, 4, 2 eyes, and some even have no eyes. As far as the color and function of eyes are concerned, they can be divided into day and night.

The mouthparts of spiders are composed of claw limbs, jaw leaves, upper lip and lower lip, which have the functions of poisoning, catching, crushing food and sucking juice.

Some spiders have clumps of sticky hairs under their tarsal claws, which have the ability to make spiders crawl on vertical and smooth objects. The spider that webs has several claw-like spines near the top of the hock joint, which are called secondary claws.

The abdomen of most spiders is unsegmented. Whether there are external female organs (called reproductive organs) is an important feature to identify female species. There is a special rotator in the middle or back of the abdomen. Three pairs of rotators are called front, middle and rear rotators according to their landing positions. The top of the spinning machine is provided with a film spinning tube which is surrounded by fur. Different spiders spin different kinds of silk with different spinning tubes. The spinner of the rotating tube is also a rotating organ. For example, there are 966 on the spinning machine of Lepidoptera. There are 8 kinds of silk glands extracted from the body through spinning tubes. With the growth and molting of spiders, the size and number of silk glands are increasing. Spider silk is a kind of bone protein, which is very sticky, tough and elastic, and will harden when exposed to air after spinning.

Androgyny, the male is smaller than the female, the male tarsal joints develop into acrobats, and the female has external reproductive organs after molting for the last time.

Edit the living habits of this paragraph.

Spiders feed on insects, other spiders and multi-legged animals. Jumping spiders have good eyesight and can dive close to prey and pounce on it within 5 or 10 meters. Crab spiders wait for prey on flowers close to their body color. The ground spiders who make holes in the soil build a cave lined with silk, which has a living cover that opens at night to prey on insects that pass through the hole. Funnel spiders weave a flat web, which will cause vibration when catching insects; Spiders themselves live in silk tubes with narrow ends leading to plants or cracks. Most circular spiders weave the largest web with the least silk, just like air filters, trapping insects that can't see the filaments and have weak flying ability. Although the net is complicated, it can be woven in 1 hour, usually before dawn. If the net is destroyed in the process of predation, weave a new net. Why the spider itself will not be stuck by the web, and how to cut off the extremely elastic silk when weaving the web, these problems have not been fully understood so far. When weaving a round net, spiders let out traces and soup floats with the wind. If the free end of the spider silk doesn't stick to anything, the spider will pull it back and eat it. If the silk sticks firmly to something (such as a branch), the spider will cross the silk bridge and reinforce it with silk. The spider took a thread in the middle of the bridge, fell on a thread and hung down, sticking to the ground or another branch. The spider returned to the center, and Radogan radiated from the center of the web. Then, the spider crawled back to the center of the net and pulled temporary spiral wires from the inside out, with a large spacing between the spiral wires. Then the spider climbs to the outermost periphery and places a sticky and dense insect-catching spiral wire from the outside to the center of the web. While knotting, eat the dry spiral silk knotted before, which is not sticky. After the web is finished, some spiders tear off a silk (signal silk) from the center of the web and climb into the leaves in the corner of the web to hide. If an insect casts a net, it can hear the news and eat through the vibration of the signal line. Some spiders stay head down in the middle of the web, waiting for their prey. When there is prey, they first wrap it in silk, then take a bite and take it back to the center of the net or a hidden place to eat or store it. Butterfly moths are large and easy to escape, so they are bitten first and then tied with silk thread. Some spiders * * * use cobwebs. For example, the social funnel spider (Agelena conso ciata) in Gabon will make a big web, and hundreds of spiders will hunt together. Spiders may play an important role in controlling the number of some insects. The neurotoxicity of several poisonous spiders is toxic to people. The process of weaving webs has aroused the interest of the scientific community and has been used to study drugs that affect the nervous system (after using drugs, spiders weave different webs).

According to the way of life and predation, it can be roughly divided into web spiders and wandering spiders.

The main feature of a web-forming spider is its web-forming behavior. Spiders secrete mucus through the protrusions at the top of their silk sacs, which can condense into very thin silk when exposed to air. The web made of silk is very sticky, which is the main predation means of spiders. For insects that stick to the web, spiders will first inject their prey with a special liquid jujube digestive enzyme. This digestive enzyme can make insects coma, twitch and even die, and liquefy their bodies. After liquefaction, spiders feed by sucking. Spiders are oviparous, and most male spiders will be swallowed up by female spiders after mating with them and become food for female spiders.

Wandering spiders don't weave webs, but wander around or pretend to hunt prey on the spot, such as tall-legged spiders, commonly known as "worms" in Taiwan Province Province.

Some spiders can make balloons out of nets and float to other places with the wind.

Spiders are not food on the human table. They don't even dare to stay away. Lu Xun said: "The first person to eat crabs is admirable. Who dares to eat if he is not a warrior? " Some people eat crabs, and some people must have eaten spiders. But if it is not delicious, future generations will not eat it "("The Second Feeling of Spring "). But recently, some areas, such as Sukhumi in Cambodia, have sold spiders as their dishes.

Spiders mainly prey on small insects. The tarantula beside the water can prey on small fish and shrimp, the bird spider can catch birds (it is said, but there is no exact literature record), and a 7.5 cm long spider in South America can even prey on small rattlesnakes. Web spiders prey on their webs.

(a) the corpse solution:

When spiders hunt, they first paralyze their prey with venom from fangs, secrete digestive juice and inject it into their prey to dissolve it, then suck it slowly and eat it completely.

(2) homemade fresh-keeping bag:

Spiders are afraid of light and often make webs where there is light and wind. Spider silk can be used not only to trap prey, but also as a fresh-keeping bag. The spider wrapped the leftover food in a net for the next time.

(3) Cleanliness:

Spiders clearly divide the places where they eat, sleep and pull things. Domestic spiders generally use cages as garbage stations, urinate in them and throw food scraps.

(4) Very subtle appetite:

Spiders have a strong sense of territory and should be kept separately. They only eat one or two meals a month and can fast for two months at most. The food is mainly insects, such as crickets and Cao Meng. As long as you put a wet sponge in the cage to replenish water, you can raise it to adulthood (about seven years) without changing the cage.

Not all spiders are poisonous (among them, arachnids are not poisonous)! And the toxicity is different. Usually, the toxicity of pet spiders in the market is relatively weak, and they will not take the initiative to attack people as long as they are not intentionally teased. Even if you are bitten, there is no danger to your life. Strong adaptability, no need for careful care. Spiders are the easiest pets to keep.

Spider silk is expected to be used to make high-strength materials, and experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences are actively studying the use of spider silk to make high-strength materials. There is a cluster of spinnerets behind the spider's abdomen, which passes through the silk glands in the body. Protein mucus secreted by this gland can condense into extremely strong spider silk in the air. According to the Moscow Communist Youth League newspaper, experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences found that the hardness of this material is 9 times higher than that of steel with the same thickness, and the elasticity is 2 times higher than that of other most elastic synthetic materials. Experts believe that after further processing, the above spider silk materials can be used to manufacture light body armor, parachutes, protective materials for weapons and equipment, wheel tires, plastic surgery appliances and high-strength fishing nets.

Edit the section on growth and reproduction.

Before mating, the male spider weaves a fine net, produces a drop of liquid containing sperm from the reproductive hole into the fine net, and then sucks the sperm into the limb-touching device. Some have courtship actions during mating, such as tarantulas and jumping spiders waving their beards. The males of stolen spiders in Europe give the flies wrapped in silk to the females and mate with them when they eat; When you can't find flies, use small stones instead. During mating, most male spiders insert their left whisker limb into the left opening of the female spider's reproductive plate and their right limb into the right opening. After the sperm enters the reproductive plate, it moves into the seminal vesicle communicating with the fallopian tube, and the egg is fertilized in the process of being discharged from the fallopian tube to the reproductive hole. Some male spiders refill the connector with semen after mating and mate with the same female spider again. After mating, some kinds of male spiders will coat a layer of secretion (reproductive plug) on the reproductive plate of female spiders to prevent female spiders from mating again. Some male spiders will be eaten by female spiders after mating, but this is not common. Black widow male spiders die a few days after mating, and occasionally they are killed by female spiders because they are too weak after mating. Some female spiders mate only once, while others can mate with multiple males in succession. After mating, the female spider produces an egg bag with several to 1000 eggs, or several egg bags, each containing fewer eggs. Some species die after giving birth to the last egg bag or caring for young spiders. The average life span of such a female spider is 1? Two years. The life of straight chelate is 20 years.

Some primitive species' egg bags are composed of several layers of silk, which are spherical or disc-shaped and attached to stones. Some female spiders guard the egg bags. Tarantulas carry egg bags in their claws or during rotation. After hatching, the young tarantula climbed onto the back of the female spider and left in about 10 days. Some female spiders feed their young. There is a spider in Europe. The female spider died when the young spider began to feed and became the food for the young spider. Young spiders, like spiders, mature after molting several times. Female spider molts 6? 12 times, male spider 2? Eight times. Some shed their skin before hatching. Twice. Straight chelates need 3? 4 years mature. Most of them overwinter with underage spiders. Development and molting are controlled by hormones. Many young spiders can climb to the leaves or treetops, straighten their bellies and let out a few strands of silk to spread by the wind.

The female spider spins silk to form an egg bag, which contains fertilized eggs, and the egg bag is attached to the net (spider), or produced under the stone or on the leaf surface. Some female spiders guard egg bags, and some carry them with them. The young spider that hatched the eggshell stayed in the egg bag for a few days and peeled 1 ~ 2 times in the bag. Young spiders molt 4 ~ 10 times before maturity. Spider silk plays an important role in spider's life. Weaving webs is the instinct of many kinds of spiders. There are many kinds of nets, and the methods of weaving them are different. Many kinds of spiders, especially young spiders, can fly with silk.

Spiders lay eggs, which are usually wrapped in silk bags. Females protect and carry egg bags in different ways, or put them on the net, under rocks, on branches, or put them in their mouths and breasts. For incomplete metamorphosis, the abdomen is still segmented in embryonic stage, and whether there is a net or not is alive. There are circular nets, dish nets, funnel nets, triangular nets and irregular nets. There is a folk song "Little Zhuge Liang, sitting alone in the army account, catching flying generals in the Eight Diagrams Array", which vividly depicts the phenomenon of spiders netting insects.

The internal structure of spiders is quite special in the book Lung of Respiratory Organs. Inside the lung of a book is a capsule, and the wall of each capsule protrudes inward with many leaf-like folds, just like a page. Spider venom gland is cylindrical, and the gland wall is composed of a layer of cells. There is a catheter in front of the poison gland, which opens near the front end of the claw. Poisonous glands secrete venom, which is lethal to small animals, and some can be life-threatening. For example, if you are bitten by a red spider or a cave tarantula, you must treat it in time to avoid life-threatening.

Spiders are carnivores, and their food is mostly insects or other arthropods, but they have no upper jaw and do not directly swallow fixed food. When the net is used to catch the bait, the venom secreted by the poisonous glands in the claws is injected into the captured object to kill it, and the digestive enzyme secreted by the midgut is injected into the prey tissue torn by the claws, which is quickly decomposed into juice and then inhaled into the digestive tract.

The digestive tract is divided into three parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and sucking stomach. The tubular pharynx and sucking stomach can suck liquid food into the digestive tract and transport it to the middle intestine. The midgut includes a central midgut tube and blind sacs on both sides. Behind the midgut is the hindgut, where feces gather.

The Markov ducts of a pair of excretory organs originated from endoderm. In addition to martensitic ducts, young spiders also have a pair of basal ganglia for excretion. However, the basal ganglia of adult spiders are mostly degenerated and have no excretory effect.

Spider lifestyles can be divided into two categories. Namely hunting type and settlement type. Hunter-gatherers are spiders that hunt everywhere. They have no fixed place to live, and they don't make webs, dig holes or build nests at all. Arachnida, Arachnida and most tarantulas. Settled type: some make nets, some dig holes, and some build nests as permanent residences. Such as wall money, stone spiders and so on. Spiders seem very polite. Everyone who lives independently keeps a certain distance and does not invade each other.

Spiders are not only hermaphroditic, males are smaller than females, but also have different colors. For example, the male of the jumping spider family is bright and the female is dark. The males of the cancer spider family have red stripes on their backs, while the females are all green.

Male spiders mature sexually earlier than female spiders, and male spiders appear for a short time. Most of them are female spiders. Spiders have a unique way of mating. For example, after mating, those who can escape being killed by the female spider can mate again.

Before laying eggs, the female spider will make a "puerperal" with silk. Lay eggs on it and cover it with silk. And weave the egg bag into a fixed shape. Generally, a female spider only lays one egg bag, and some also lay multiple egg bags, such as 5-6 spiders, 13 spiders. The number of eggs laid by a female spider can range from a few to several hundred, such as 60-720 spiders of certain species of Arachnida, 1000 spiders.

The young spiders hatched from the egg shell still remain in the egg bag, and they have to molt in the egg bag 1 time before leaving the egg bag. Tarantulas are called nanny spiders because they not only hunt with egg bags, but also have the habit of carrying their young when they hatch. Some female spiders die immediately after being woven into the egg bag, some young spiders leave the egg bag and continue to live for a period of time, and some hatched young spiders are killed alive as food.

Before the mature stage, spiders molt many times with their growth, and the molting times and intervals are very inconsistent. Generally speaking, small spiders shed their skin 4-5 times in their lifetime; Medium-sized spiders are about 7 ~ 8 times; Okumo molts about 1 1 ~ 13 times, for example, the male spider of red spider molts 5 times and the female spider molts 7 times.

Compared with ordinary insects, spiders have a long life. Most spiders complete a life cycle, usually 8 months to 2 years. Male spiders have a short life span and die soon after mating. Others, such as water spiders and cunning spiders, can live 18 months, cave tarantulas can live for 2 years, cancer spiders can live for more than 2 years, and bird-catching spiders can live for 20 to 30 years.

All spiders live on silk, which is secreted by silk gland cells and is a viscous liquid in the gland cavity. After being drawn out by the spinning tube, it will condense into filaments when it meets air. The specific gravity of silk is 1.28, which is strong and elastic.

Spiders in the net holes stay in the net during the day and at the mouth of the cave at night, waiting for opportunities to hunt or go out for food. The bear spider dug a shallow hole under the clod, the burrowing tarantula dug a vertical deep hole in the ground, and the dancing spider added a living cover to the hole. This kind of valve consists of multiple layers of silk. The hole depth of the giant spider is 1 m. This kind of spider is very small and poisonous. Once bitten by a cave rabbit, he died in four minutes.

When young spiders start to live in webs, if the spider silk can't attach anything and there happens to be an upward airflow, it will fly in the air and with the wind. For example, Arachnoidea, Tarantunidae, Arachnoidea and Jumping Arachnidae all have the ability to "fly", which is very effective for avoiding cannibalism and the evacuation density is too high.

Spiders are carnivorous and eat a wide range of food, but they mainly prey on insects, and sometimes they can prey on animals several times larger than themselves, such as bird spiders in South America, and sometimes they prey on birds and mice. Spider's mouth is only suitable for sucking liquid food. When catching prey, the venom is first injected into the prey, after anesthetizing or killing the prey, digestive juice is secreted, injected into the prey through the wound of the prey, digested in vitro, inhaled after the soft tissue of the prey is decomposed and liquefied, and then digested and absorbed in the body.

Spiders have many natural enemies. Toads, frogs, mosquitoes, lizards, centipedes and birds all prey on spiders. Some parasitic bees live in spider eggs, some parasitic flies develop in spider egg bags, and almost all mosquitoes and flies are parasitic on spiders in the form of larvae. Spiders often use many methods to defend against enemies, such as expelling venom, hiding, fake bags, mimicry, camouflage, vibration and so on. When you can't escape and your appendage is caught by the enemy, just cut off your appendage and walk away. Anyway, the broken foot will regenerate when molting.