1 seedling breeding
Taxus media can propagate seedlings by cutting or grafting. Select the superior 1-2-year-old peripheral lignified branches for cutting, and the male and female plants are cut and propagated separately without confusion; When grafting, yew. Taking Taxus chinensis var. mairei as rootstock, the seedlings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei with 2-3 years old were cut at 50- 100㎝ from the base, and the adventitious buds below the rootstock were erased in time to reduce nutrient consumption until COVID-19 was formed.
2 flowerpots and nutrient soil
Potted Taxus media can be potted in clay pots, clay pots and plastic pots. The size of the basin can be determined as required. Generally, indoor or balcony display can choose the caliber of 15-35㎝, and the height is about 20-35㎝. If you put it on the roadside, flower beds or large conference halls, you can choose a bigger one. The nutrient soil is composed of garden soil, humus soil and fine sand in the ratio of 4: 4: 2; The PH value is between 4.5 and 9.5. The formula of substrate for soilless culture of Taxus media is perlite: fine sand = 6: 4, and the main fertilization during the growth period is the specially prepared total nutrient solution of Taxus media 1/2.
3 Colonization
Planting time is usually in autumn or early spring. Put a few pieces of broken tiles on the selected seepage hole at the bottom of the basin, then put some nutrient soil, select seedlings with well-developed roots, even branches and good tree shape, which are beneficial to cultivating bonsai (grafted seedlings can also be planted in the basin before grafting), put the seedlings on the nutrient soil, add the nutrient soil after spreading the roots, pat the edge of the basin, gently compact the nutrient soil, pour water once after filling the basin, and wait for a while.
4. Water and fertilizer management
Taxus media has large roots, small leaves, slow growth of branches, less evaporation of water, and is drought-tolerant but not moisture-tolerant. Water should be poured once in sunny days in spring and autumn 10 ~ 15, once in summer ~10, and some water should be poured in time in winter according to the drought situation of the basin soil. When it rains for a long time during the growing period, it should be noted that there should be no water in the basin to avoid root rot. Apply 1-2 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each plant in winter or when changing pots every year, and apply a small amount of complete compound fertilizer at one time after germination in spring, or use specially prepared Taxus media 1/2 complete nutrient solution.
5 plastic pruning
5. 1 Plastic Surgery
Taxus media potted for viewing, commonly used are single stem natural shape, bent trunk shape, umbrella trunk and so on.
Erase all buds below the trunk of the cutting seedling naturally with a single stem, and select 5- 10 secondary branches with appropriate directions and angles as the main branches for culture. When the height of the trunk is 80- 100㎝ and the main branches are 30-50㎝, pick the core in time and select branches. This method is suitable for pruning into circles, umbrellas, towers, etc.
Bend the trunk into a more curved shape. When the new tip of the trunk is semi-lignified, bend the trunk to one side and fix it with Z-shaped or S-shaped wire. Bend the trunk in the other direction in the same way. The first bend at the bottom is away from the soil surface 15㎝, and bends upward every 10㎝.
The trunk umbrella is grafted with yew. Mairei, and promptly erase all the buds on the trunk rootstock. Cutting the top of the scion at 15-20㎝, selecting 3-5 secondary branches with proper angles as the main branches for cultivation, and stretching downward with ropes or iron wires to make the branches extend downward or grow. When the main branch grows to 40-50㎝, pick the stone.
5.2 winter pruning
Taxus media has many branches, which should be sparse, the main branches should be lengthened or the branches as culture branches should be shortened; Branches with few branches can be cut into long branches. Generally, 5- 10 buds are left to produce new branches. The pruned branches of Taxus media can be used for processing and extracting paclitaxel, and the pruned branches in winter can be naturally dried in the shade or fresh branches can be directly sold to processed products.
6 flowering and fruiting
Taxus media is a dioecious plant with a male-female ratio of 9: 1. After planting for 4-5 years, the female plants can blossom and bear fruit. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is June-165438+1October. When the fruit is planted on the fruiting mother branches of the previous year, the number of fruiting mother branches should be ensured when pruning the female plants so as to blossom and bear fruit in the next year.
7 Replace flowerpots and soil
With the continuous growth of Taxus media, it is generally necessary to change a bigger pot in 2-3 years. Taking Taxus media with soil out of the pot, removing the root mat and part of the root system, putting the prepared nutrient soil into a new pot, adding sufficient nutrient soil after putting Taxus media with soil. The potted Taxus media should also be pulled out with soil, instead of changing the big pot, removing the root mat and part of the root system, replacing it with new nutrient soil and pouring enough water.
8 Overwintering
Taxus media has strong cold resistance and can withstand the low temperature of -25℃. Generally, you can safely overwinter in the open field without special management. However, when potted, the flowerpot is placed in cold and dry air for a long time, which will cause the root system to lose water and die; When potted plants overwinter in the north of the Yangtze River, the whole pot should be buried in the soil, so that the soil edge of the pot is flush with the ground, and frozen water should be filled to cover the pot edge. When the quantity is small, move indoors for the winter.