Massage techniques are mainly rubbing meat without rubbing skin, pulling tendons without touching bones, and leaving bones without hurting tendons.

Massage refers to the method of operating on the body surface with hands or other parts of limbs in the form of force according to various specific skills and standardized movements. Massage is different from simple and casual actions in daily life. It has certain technical requirements and action specifications. It is an advanced exercise form produced by the perfect combination of strength and skill, and it is the basic means of massage to treat diseases.

The skill of manipulation and how to use it correctly directly affect the therapeutic effect. Therefore, in order to further improve the curative effect, besides accurate diagnosis and syndrome differentiation, it is obviously an important link to apply appropriate methods at appropriate acupoints or parts.

Massage techniques require persistence, strength, uniformity and softness in order to achieve the effect of "deep penetration" of skills. The so-called "perseverance" means that the technology should be used continuously for a certain period of time according to needs, without fatigue or distortion; The so-called "strength" means that the manipulation must have a certain strength, which must be appropriately increased or decreased according to the patient's physique, illness and body position; The so-called "uniformity" means that the technique should be rhythmic, the speed should not be fast or slow, and the pressure should not be light or heavy; The so-called "softness" means that the technique should be light but not floating, heavy but not stagnant, the force should not be rough but not rough, and the movements should be natural. The above points are organically related. To master all kinds of manipulations skillfully and use them flexibly in clinic, we must go through a certain period of manipulative practice and clinical practice before we can become familiar with them from birth, even be handy and use them freely.

First, the pressing method

1, operation method

Use fingers, palms, elbows or other parts of limbs to gradually press some parts of the body or acupoints from light to heavy and from shallow to deep. When reaching the action level, stay for a period of time (about 10~30 seconds), and then slowly relax from heavy to light, which can be repeated many times. Acupoint method is to use the fingertip or the protruding part of the flexed interphalangeal joint to exert force; Pressing with the pulp of finger, the root of palm or the whole palm is called pressing method (finger pressing method, palm pressing method); Press the olecranon after elbow, which is often called elbow pressing; Pinch with your nails.

2, action essentials

When pressing, the direction should be perpendicular to the body surface, the stressed part should be close to the body surface, and the skin should not slide; The strength should be gradually increased from light to heavy, and the movement should be smooth and continuous, so that the strength can reach the deep part of the tissue; Acupoint should be accurate, and the exertion should be based on the patient's feeling of acid, swelling, heat and numbness.

3. Functions and applications

Pressing is a highly irritating technique, which is suitable for all parts of the body. It can relieve spasms, disperse knots, dredge meridians, relieve pain and do plastic reduction. It has a good function of relaxing muscles and eliminating fatigue. Acupoint method is mostly used for acupoints and tender points, which is called "acupoint therapy". "Acupoint" elbow pressing is often used for muscular parts or strong people. Pinch method is commonly used to pinch acupoints with thumb nails, which is mainly used to rescue coma, such as pinching people and pinching ten announcements. After the clinical application of pressing method, kneading method is often used as an auxiliary means to reduce stimulation.

Second, the rubbing method

1, operation method

Push method is to push slowly in a single direction with a finger, palm or eagle mouth behind elbow as the center. The rubbing method is to use the palm or thenar to exert force, cling to the skin and rub back and forth quickly in a straight line. Push method can be divided into light push method and heavy push method according to strength. Full palm heavy push method, four fingers together, thumb apart, palm root force, tiger mouth slightly lifted. If necessary, the other palm surface can be overlapped and pressed on the back of the hand, and both hands can be pushed down at the same time.

2, action essentials

The method of pushing requires fingers, palms and other parts to be close to the skin, and the force should be steady and strong, and the speed should be slow and even when pushing, so as not to damage the skin or cause discomfort.

The rubbing method requires that the shoulders sink, the elbows droop and the wrists extend horizontally. Take the shoulder joint as the fulcrum, drive the elbow to bend and stretch, so that the forearm and wrist are consistent, and rub back and forth in a straight line, and cannot be skewed. The downward pressure of the operator's palm should be even and moderate, so that the skin will not fold when rubbing; Generally speaking, the speed should be fast, the round-trip distance should be long, and the movement should be uniform and coherent, but it should not be rubbed for a long time, and the local skin should be congested and red to prevent scratching the skin.

3 Functions and applications

Gentle massage has the functions of sedation, analgesia and relieving discomfort. Re-tui method has the functions of dredging meridians, regulating tendons, recovering, relieving spasm, and accelerating venous blood and lymphatic reflux.

Kneading is a mild and warm stimulus, which has the functions of warming meridians and dredging collaterals, promoting qi and blood circulation, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Commonly used in deficiency-cold syndrome, it can increase the temperature of local skin and tissues and enhance the cold resistance of the body. According to the different massage parts, different hand shapes can be used, such as thenar rubbing limbs joints, palm or thenar rubbing lumbosacral parts, thumb rubbing tendons and small joints.

Moxibustion can be used at the beginning and end of massage or between massages to relieve pain or discomfort.

Third, the rubbing method

1, operation method

Rubbing is a method of using fingers, palms, elbows and other parts to concentrate on a certain part of the body surface and do circular or spiral activities. It is called kneading to attract the skin and drive the subcutaneous tissue to move; Moxibustion is called "Moxibustion", which focuses on the rotating and sliding part of the body surface and does not fix the skin. The combination of the two or something in between is called rubbing. Kneading methods are commonly used as palm, palm root, thenar, thenar, thumb or four fingers, which are called palm kneading method and finger kneading method respectively. Moxibustion usually refers to exerting force on the finger surface or palm surface of finger, middle finger and ring, which are called finger massage and palm massage respectively.

2, action essentials

Both of them need to relax their wrists during operation, and the metacarpophalangeal joints naturally straighten out, and naturally flex and stretch with the action. (2) the kneading method should be "sucked", which means that the fingers or palms are close to the skin and do not rub against the skin. (3) When kneading, the movements should be gentle and coordinated, which can be operated clockwise or counterclockwise, and the frequency is about 120 times per minute.

3. Functions and applications

Rubbing can promote blood circulation, improve the metabolism of local tissues, regulate qi, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and relieve muscle tension and pain and discomfort caused by strong manual stimulation. The combination of kneading method and pressing method is called pressing method, which can go deep into tendon, relieve spasm, soften scar and loosen adhesion.

Fourth, the method of holding

1, operation method

Use the thumb of one hand or both hands to exert relative force on the finger surfaces of other fingers, and perform rhythmic pinching on some acupoints or parts. Generally, the manipulation has a deep effect, reaching directly to the muscle layer; Kneading only affects subcutaneous tissue; Together, it is called holding the law. After holding the muscle or subcutaneous tissue, lift it upward, which is called grip method. Pinch method can also be used to bend the second radial side of the index finger relative to the thumb pulp, especially when the subcutaneous tissue is rich.

2, action essentials

Pay attention to the relaxation of shoulders and arms, the flexibility of wrists, the exertion of forearms, and the activities of metacarpophalangeal joints; Take the palm of the five fingers as the contact surface and hold the skin on the body surface: the strength is from light to heavy, and then from heavy to light, and the movement is gentle and coherent.

3. Functions and applications

Holding the method has the functions of dredging meridians, relieving exterior sweating, calming and relieving pain, inducing resuscitation and relieving spasm.

V. Stretching method

1, operation method

Stretching refers to pulling or traction, which fixes one end of a limb or joint and pulls the other end of the joint, so that the muscles, ligaments, fascia and other soft tissues around the joint are lengthened by different lengths.

(1) Cervical stretching method: For athletes whose cervical lordosis is reduced due to cervical injury, cervical stretching method can be used to relieve neck discomfort after exercise. The method is to make the massaged person sit up straight, with the massager standing behind him, his thumb resting on the lower side of occipital protuberance, his food and middle finger resting on the mandibles on both sides of the massaged person, and then gradually pulling up hard. Also, hold the patient's jaw with one elbow, hold his opposite head with one hand, and hold the back of his pillow with the other hand. At the same time, pull your hands upward and pull the cervical vertebra.

(2) Shoulder extension method: The patient sits, the affected limb relaxes, and the doctor stands on the back outside, holding the wrist with both hands and slowly pulling it up. Move slowly when you pull it out and sit on a low stool.

(3) Wrist stretching method: The patient is seated, and the doctor meets him, holding the wrist palms with both hands, and gradually stretching hard, and at the same time instructing the patient to lean back slightly to form antagonistic traction.

(4) interphalangeal joint stretching method: hold the upper part of the patient's wrist with one hand, hold the affected finger end with the other hand, and stretch both hands in the opposite direction at the same time.

(5) Ankle extension method: The patient lies on his back, and the doctor holds the heel and the foot palm with both hands, and gradually stretches the ankle joint with greater strength.

2, action essentials

Follow the trend, guide the situation, cooperate closely with the patient during the operation, and ask the patient to pay attention to relaxation. The force should be persistent, stable and even, and the force should be pulled out slowly, from light to heavy. When pulling and stretching, the strength and intensity should be appropriate, enough is enough, and it should not be rude to avoid injury.

3. Functions and applications

The main function of stretching method is to widen joint space, adjust soft tissues such as muscle ligaments, straighten bones and muscles, loosen adhesion and smooth joints.

The intransitive verb Yunlafa

1, operation method

With the cooperation of both hands, the joints can flex, stretch, rotate and circle, that is, the joint exercise method. Generally speaking, first do rotation, then do flexion and extension, and finally turn around, which can be simply called shaking method.

(1) Shoulder traction method: Hold the shoulder with one hand and press it with the other hand to fix it, and do flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and circular rotation of the shoulder joint.

(2) Elbow traction: Hold the wrist with one hand and the back of the elbow with the other, then rotate the forearm and bend the elbow at the same time. After bending to a certain extent, rotate the forearm and extend the elbow.

(3) Wrist joint traction: Hold the upper part of the wrist joint with one hand and the four fingers of the hand with the other hand for flexion, extension and rotation. .

(4) Hip traction: Hold the upper part of the ankle joint with one hand and press it on the knee joint with the other hand, so that the knee joint always keeps acute flexion. First do the flexion and extension of patellofemoral joint, from inside to outside or from outside to inside, so that the hip joint rotates. .

(5) Knee transport method: hold the lower leg with one hand and the knee joint with the other hand, and rotate, flex and stretch from outside to inside or from inside to outside.

(6) Ankle transport method: hold the calf with one hand and the foot with the other hand for flexion and extension, varus, valgus and circular movement. (.

(7) neck transport method: hold the head of the massaged person with one hand and the jaw with the other hand, gently rotate left and right, and bend back and forth. .

(8) Lumbar transport method: patients lie on their backs, bend their knees and bend their hips. The doctor stands on the patient's side, holds the patient's knee with the second hand and forearm, and holds the patient's ankle or hip with the other hand to make the lumbar spine rotate left and right. .

2, action essentials

The action should be gentle, the force should be steady, and a little stretching force should be properly maintained. When operating, let nature take its course, make the best use of the situation, and avoid being rude and reckless. The range of activities should be from small to large, and should not exceed the range of joint physiological activities.

3. Functions and applications

This method is a passive activity and is widely used in clinic. It is often used in the middle and late stages of treatment. Only used in joints of limbs, neck and waist. It has the functions of smoothing joints, releasing adhesion, enhancing joint activity function, and promoting synovial fluid metabolism and inflammatory absorption in joints.

Seven, tapping method

1, operation method

Tap the body surface with your fingers, palms, empty fists or mulberry branches. The hitting force is heavy, and it is generally operated with one hand, such as fist back, palm root, thenar or mulberry stick. Knocking is light, "knocking is knocking." Generally, it is operated by the side of a ruler with a half-clenched fist or an open palm, and the hands are alternately knocked up and down. If you tap with one-handed virtual palm, it is called tapping.

2, action essentials

Strike mana is heavy, the action should be fast and elastic, and it will start at one blow; The direction should be perpendicular to the body surface, and there can be no dragging action; The frequency should be even and rhythmic, usually 3~5 times. When knocking, the wrist should be relaxed and flexed freely, so that the action is light, soft and rhythmic.

3. Functions and applications

Tapping method makes the tissue vibrate by the impact force when tapping, which has good functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, activating qi and promoting blood circulation. Tapping can relieve muscle spasm and tension, eliminate muscle soreness and restore fatigue after exercise; Flapping also has an exciting effect, which can improve the state of muscle excitement.

Eight, rubbing method

1, operation method

The rubbing method is to use the palms of both hands to exert force, hold the massaged limbs, exert relative force in the opposite direction, rub back and forth quickly, and move up and down at the same time.

The shaking method is divided into four limbs shaking method and muscle shaking method. When the limb shakes, hold the distal end of the rubbed limb with one hand or both hands, and under the slight continuous traction, use a little force to shake up and down quickly and continuously. When the muscles shake, gently hold the muscles with your hands and vibrate rapidly from left to right in a short time.

2, action essentials

In the rubbing method, the hands should be symmetrical, the movements should be gentle and even, the rubbing back and forth should be fast, and the moving up and down should be slow.

The shaking action should be continuous and even, and the frequency should be from slow to fast, and then from fast to slow; The amplitude of jitter should be small, the frequency should be fast, and the intensity should not be too great. The agitation wave should be conducted in the distal direction along the limb.

3. Functions and applications

Friction and shaking are often combined. As a finishing technique, they can make muscles and joints vibrate constantly. It has the functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, regulating qi and blood, relieving spasm, dredging joints, accelerating fatigue elimination and improving muscle working ability.