First of all, let's learn about animal bones, which helps us to understand animal movements. The basic movements of animals are: walking, running, jumping, jumping, flying, swimming and so on. In particular, the walking movements of animals are similar to those of people (alternating movements of feet and limbs). However, because most animals walk on their toes (people land on their feet). Therefore, the joint movement of each part is also different. (1). Walking-Most mammals belong to "toe-walking" or "hoof-walking" animals that walk on four feet (that is, walk with toes). Its basic law of motion can be decomposed into the following five points:
1. The four legs are divided into two parts, alternating left and right to form a complete step (commonly known as the hind foot kicking the front foot).
2. When the front foot is raised, the wrist joint bends backwards; When the hind leg is raised, the ankle joint bends forward.
3. When walking, the body will have slight ups and downs due to the flexion and extension of the foot joints.
4. When walking, in order to keep the balance of the body center and cooperate with the movement of footsteps, the head will move up and down slightly. Generally, when the front foot is about to land, the head begins to point downward.
5. During the movement of mammals' walking movements, we should pay attention to the high and low radians when the toes touch the ground and leave the ground.
(2). The basic law of running-running can be broken down into the following three points:
1. The basic law of animal running action is similar to the alternating opening and closing of four legs when walking. However, the faster you run, the less obvious the alternation of four legs. Sometimes it becomes that the front and rear legs bend and stretch at the same time.
2. The stretching and contracting postures of the body change obviously during running. (especially ungulates)
In the process of fast running, four legs sometimes jump in the air, and the body fluctuates greatly. However, in the case of extremely fast running, the radian of body ups and downs will be reduced.
(3) Jumping-The jumping movement law of mammals is basically similar to that of running, but the difference is that there is usually a preparation stage before jumping, the body and limbs are tightened, the head and neck are pressed down or close to the ground, and the eyes are fixed on the target object. When jumping, it is explosive and fast, and the body and limbs stretch and fly quickly, and pounce on the prey with an arc parabola. When the front foot touches the ground, the body and hind legs generate forward momentum, and the position of the rear foot sometimes exceeds that of the front foot. If you jump continuously, your body will contract again, and then you will have a quick stretch and jump. In order to grasp the movement law of birds conveniently, here we divide them into birds (mainly walking) and birds (mainly flying)
(1). Poultry, here take chickens, ducks and geese as an example.
Law of walking movement of chickens;
1. The feet move back and forth alternately, and the body swings left and right when walking.
When walking, in order to keep the balance of the body, the head and feet cooperate with each other. Generally speaking, when one foot is raised, the head begins to shrink back; When the raised foot is in front of the middle position, the head receives the back; When the foot falls forward, the head also extends upward with the propulsion.
3. Pay attention to the changes of foot joint movement. When the sole of the foot is lifted off the ground and stretched forward, the bending of the toe joint will inevitably move in an arc with the ground.
Duck and goose paddling rules;
1. Paddle back and forth alternately with your feet, with gentle movements.
2. When the left foot paddles backwards against the current, the flippers open, forming an outer arc movement with powerful movements. At the same time, the right foot is retracted upwards, and the flippers are tightened into an inner arc, and the movement is gentle to reduce the water resistance.
With the feet paddling back and forth in the water, the tail of the body swings slightly to the left and right.
(2) Birds are divided into broadwings and finches according to the length of their wings.
Wide wings: Birds like eagles and geese usually have long and wide wings and a long and flexible neck. Their sports characteristics are:
1. During the main flight, the wings flap up and down more and the movements are soft.
2. Because the wings are big, the air generates lift and thrust (and resistance) on the wings during flight, and lifts the body up and forward. When flapping wings, the action is generally slow, when flapping wings slightly open, the action is powerful, and when lifting, the action is relatively closed and the action is soft.
3. During the flight, when flying to a certain height, you can use the updraft to spread your wings and flap your wings a few times to slide.
4. Broad-winged birds move slowly and walk like poultry. Birds (such as cranes) have slender legs and feet, and the flexion and extension movements of lifting legs and hips are large and obvious.
Sparrows: Sparrows, for example, are generally short, with small wings, small mouth, short neck, light and flexible movements and fast flight speed. Their actions are characterized by:
1. The action is fast and urgent, often accompanied by a short pause, trivial and unstable.
2. The flight speed is fast, the flapping frequency of wings is high, and the movements are often unclear. (We can reduce the number of flight movements of broadwing birds to achieve this action feature. ) There is little change in shape during the flight.
3. Because of its small size, finches usually don't spread their wings to glide when flying, but put their wings in the middle. When the wings flap very fast, some can stay in the air.
Sparrows rarely walk alternately with their feet, but generally jump forward with their feet. Fish live in water, and their movement is mainly to push their streamlined bodies with fins and swim forward in the water. When the fish swings, all kinds of changes become curvilinear motion States.
In order to grasp the movement law of fish conveniently, it is divided into big fish, small fish and long-tailed fish.
Big fish: whales, for example, have bigger bodies and longer fins, and their movement characteristics are as follows:
When swimming, the curve of body swing is large, slow and stable. When you stay where you are, paddle your fins slowly and swing your tail gently.
Fish: The body is small and long. The action features are:
Fast, flexible and varied. The movement rhythm is short, and there are often pauses or sudden swimming. When swimming, the curve is not radian.
Long-tailed fish: such as goldfish, with a wide tail and soft texture. The action features are:
Soft and slow, the shape of the body changes little in water. As the body swings, the big and long fins and fish tails also move with it. Reptiles can be divided into two types: those with feet and those without feet
The law of biped movement is:
When crawling, the limbs move back and forth alternately, and the tail swings left and right with the body movement to maintain balance.
Amboda's law of motion is:
Take snakes for example. When moving forward, the body moves to both sides in an S-shaped curve. The head is slightly lifted off the ground, and the swing range is small. As the strength increases, it passes to the back. The farther to the tail, the greater the swing amplitude.
Amphibians:
Taking frogs as an example, the movement characteristics are as follows:
On land, jumping is the main way. When underwater, the buckling and pedaling of the hind legs are the driving forces. Pay attention to the change of flippers and the timing of endurance. There are many kinds of insects, which can be divided into flying, crawling and jumping according to the way they move.
The movement characteristics of flying class are:
Grasp their trajectory, because basically the wings of insects are shaking or vibrating up and down, and what distinguishes them is their trajectory. For example, the trajectory of bees is regular, showing 8-type, O-type and so on. The trajectory of Tibetan glume is chaotic. The butterfly's trajectory is soft and light. The important point here is that the wings of insects like butterflies are slower than those of other insects. They don't flap up and down all the time, but occasionally they fold, which is different.
The movement characteristics of reptiles are:
Rely on the feet under the body and move forward alternately. Those with wings will occasionally flap their wings.
Motion characteristics of jumping class;
Mainly about jumping, we need to pay attention to the details, such as the arc movement of tentacles.
The classification of animals and the basic laws of their movements mentioned above do not belong to professional zoology research, but to understand the general characteristics of various animals and find out their action characteristics, so as to provide basis and reference for animation production. In order to make all kinds of actions in animation more abundant, vivid and reasonable, we should pay more attention to observation and be familiar with the image characteristics and action characteristics of various animals. Sometimes when we can do some actions, we can experience them in front of the mirror or record them with DV to watch them one by one.