This product is the dried root of Radix Isatidis, which is included in People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (1990 edition).
Shi Lan's name first appeared in Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was listed as the top grade. Su Song's Compendium of Materia Medica said: "There are several kinds of blue, such as Indigofera, which are not used as medicine outside Lingnan. There is indigo, which can be a lake or Malan. " Compendium of Materia Medica records: "There are five kinds of blue flowers, each with its own indications ... Polygonum hydropiper leaves are like Polygonum hydropiper, pine leaves are like white leaves, and Malay leaves are like bitter leaves, which is the so-called Ilex macrophylla in Guo Pu and the so-called green in common customs, ...".
Banlangen tastes bitter and cold. Heart meridian and stomach meridian. Has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and relieving sore throat. Can be used for treating warm toxin, macula, wind-heat common cold, sore throat, meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, pneumonia and mumps. Its leaves are indigo naturalis, or fresh leaves are processed into indigo naturalis.
Main ingredients: indigo, β-sitosterol, indigo, Radix Isatidis crystal B, Radix Isatidis crystal C, Radix Isatidis crystal D, plant protein, resin, sugar, amino acids (arginine, proline, glutamic acid, tyrosine, γ-aminobutyric acid, valine, leucine), glucosinolates, antibacterial substances against gram-positive and negative bacteria, and motilin. Fresh leaves contain indirubin B. Fresh plants contain 3- indolylmethylglucose isothiocyanate (or brassinolide), 1- methoxy -3- indolylglucose isothiocyanate (or neobrassinolide), 1- sulfonyl -3- indolylmethylglucose isothiocyanate (or 1- sulfonyl-brassinolide).
Main pharmacological effects: the water extract has inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Typhoid Bacillus, Paratyphoid Bacillus, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacteriaceae, etc. Acetone extract has similar effect on hemolytic streptococcus; The bacteriostatic effect on group A meningococcus is similar to that of garlic and honeysuckle. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, benzene, n-butanol and other extracts have certain antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Radix Isatidis or Folium Isatidis with the ratio greater than 1∶ 100 has the effect of killing leptospira in vitro.
Second, distribution.
Isatis indigotica is mainly distributed in Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Shanxi, Shandong, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia and Guangdong. Location: Taihe, Linquan, Huaiyuan, Jieshou, Lixin, Bozhou, Yang Guo, Funan, Fuyang and Mengcheng. Hebei Dingxian, Anguo, Anping, Yuanshi, Shenze, Boye, Xinle, Wang Du, Jinxian, Zhaoxian, Wuji, Lingshou, Gaoyi, Gaocheng and Wanjin; Jiangsu Suqian, Taixian, Gaoyou, Rugao, Haimen, Sheyang, Hai 'an, Dongtai and Dafeng; Yucheng, Henan; Shaanxi Lishou, Heyang, Binxian, Qishan and Fengxiang; Xishui, Luotian, Huanggang, Guangshui, Xiaogan, Ezhou and Xinzhou in Hubei; Hunan Xinning and Linwu; Sichuan Jiajiang, Shuangliu, Hongya, Shifang, Yanting, Jiangyou, Jianyang and Yibin; Shanxi Huoxian, Lanxian, Huairen, Tianzhen, Yingxian, Dingxiang, Wuxiang, Taiyuan, Yangqu, Yuanqu, Shouyang, Liulin, Linfen, Yuci and Qingxu; Shandong Rizhao, Anqiu, Gaomi, Yinan, Linshu, Tancheng, Wenshang, Ningyang, Zaozhuang, Jinan, Shanghe and Taian; Liaoning Xinjin, Kangping, Gaixian, Wafangdian, Yixian, Liaoyang and Kaiyuan; Longjiang, Ning 'an and Suihua in Heilongjiang; Dunhuang, Minqin, Zhenyuan, Huating, Huixian, Gangu, Wushan, Jingtai and Heyang in Gansu; Xinjiang Hutubi, Qitai, Shihezi, Korla, Dongsha and Mohammad; Guyuan, Jingyuan and Haiyuan in Ningxia.
Local daily necessities: Malan is mainly distributed in Fujian, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
III. Morphological and Biological Characteristics of Original Plants
morphological character
2-year-old herb with taproot length of 20-50 cm, diameter of 1-2.5 cm and light yellow-brown peel. The stem is erect, with many branches on the upper part, smooth and hairless. Leaves alternate, basal leaves petiolate and large, leaves oblong and oval, stem leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, lower leaves larger, entire or with inconspicuous serrations. Compound racemes, small yellow flowers, no buds; Calyx 4, green; Petals 4, yellow, stamens 6 and 4 strong; The pistil 1 silique is oblong, flat, with wings at the edge, purple and 1 seed.
Local commodity: Malan. Herbs perennial, shrubby. The stem is erect, slightly lignified at the base, multi-branched, reaching 1 m, with obvious nodes, blunt and round edges, and the tender branches are covered with brown fluff. Leaves opposite, obovate, oblong, with shallow serrations, 4-8 pairs of lateral veins, spikes, few flowers, top branches; Bracts leaflike, 0-2 cm long, caducous; Calyx lobes 5, corolla tubular funnel-shaped, lavender, stamens 4, 2 strong, filament base connected by membrane, inserted above corolla tube; Ovary superior, capsule, seed 4.
Second, the ecological environment
Isatis indigotica is wild in moist and fertile ditches or forest margins. Most of them are planted in sandy loam with warm climate, flat terrain, loose soil and fertile soil.
biological property
Isatis indigotica has the characteristics of liking light, being afraid of stagnant water, being fond of fertilizer and being cold-resistant.
Growth and development: When the temperature is 16-2 1℃ and there is enough humidity, the seeds emerge about 5 days after sowing. Sowing in the first half of August can only form leaf clusters, which overwinter in canopy layers. In March of the following year, bolting began to sprout, flowering began in April, and fruits matured in June. The whole growth cycle is about 9- 1 1 month.
Harvesting and processing
1. Harvest spring sowing should be carried out from beginning of autumn to the first frost; Summer sowing should be excavated after the first frost. Dig a ditch along the ridge from one side of the border and dig out all the roots. According to local experience, the quality of Radix Isatidis excavated in late autumn is better than that in spring, so autumn excavation should be advocated.
2. After processing and harvesting, shake the soil, cut it between the reed head and leaves with a knife, dry it in the sun respectively, and pick out the yellow leaves and impurities, that is, the commercial Isatis indigotica and Isatis indigotica leaves.
Fourth, the characteristics of medicinal materials.
Isatis indigotica is cylindrical, slightly twisted, with a length of 10-20cm and a diameter of 0.5-1.2cm. Its surface is grayish yellow or brownish yellow, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles and root marks, and light grayish yellow horizontal lenticels. The head of the root is slightly enlarged, and the dark green petiole residues arranged in a wheel shape can be seen. Petiole scars and dense verrucous processes. Solid and brittle, with a slightly flat section, light brown to light brown skin and yellow wood. Slight gas, slightly sweet and bitter.