Horn is a tree belonging to Araliaceae, which has a long history of cultivation and utilization. Its majestic tree shape, beautiful crown shape, early germination, late defoliation, long life and few pests and diseases are most suitable for street trees, shade trees and isolated landscape trees, which have been widely used in urban greening in recent years.
Through several years of planting management, the author has accumulated some experience, which is summarized as follows for peer exchange and discussion. Angular habits
Horn is a deep-rooted tree species, which likes light and bears drought and waterlogging. Strong ability to resist air pollution. It has wide adaptability and grows well under the conditions of annual average temperature 10℃ to 18℃, minimum absolute temperature in winter above -25℃ and annual precipitation of 400- 1200mm. The adaptability to soil is also strong, and acidic soil, neutral soil or calcareous soil can grow.
Goat horn is a typical strong positive tree species, which requires strict illumination, and most of them have poor growth potential, thin branches and thin yellow leaves, which affect growth, prickling and fruiting.
The natural germination rate of seeds is very low, and the cultivation of seedlings needs to be accelerated. It is difficult to master the technology of accelerating germination, so it is not recommended for small and medium-sized farmers to raise seedlings by themselves. First, the seed price is high, and second, the germination rate is low, which will increase the cost.
Key points of planting technology
According to the physiological habit of corner and the author's many years' experience, when planting corner, we should master six points: "Miao Zhuang, big hole, fat foot, soil consolidation, shallow planting and water seepage".
First, the seedlings planted in Miao Zhuang should be strong, the roots should be intact, there should be no pests and diseases, and the trunk and roots should not be seriously damaged. Excavation, transportation, planting, watering and management. At present, many farmers cultivate seedlings, but the types of seedlings are different. The first choice for purchasing long-horned seedlings is seedlings with a height of more than one meter, a base diameter of more than 1CM and more thorns per unit length. Such seedlings can show the characteristics of fast growth, many thorns and high efficiency.
Second, the hole is large, and the planting hole is large. Generally, it is 0.5 to 1 meter square (annual seedlings can be dug mechanically or manually according to the actual situation). If the seedlings are big, the tree holes should be enlarged accordingly. Generally speaking, the pore size is 15 ~ 20 times that of seedling DBH.
Third, when planting corn, the base fertilizer should be applied in the hole, preferably fully decomposed organic farmyard manure. After the fertilizer is fully mixed with the ripe soil, it is applied to the middle or upper part of the hole. Then put 2 0-30 cm of cooked soil to prevent the roots from being burned by direct contact with fertilizer. Don't force it without proper fertilizer. Farmhouse manure must be piled up, fermented and fully decomposed before it can be used as base fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer should be applied less.
Four, solid soil planting, buried soil must be solid, fill a layer of soil, solid layer, solid layer, so that seedling roots and soil are closely combined. Remember that you can only use your feet firmly, not tamp them, so as not to hurt your roots. After the first permeable pouring, combined with pit sealing, it will be used several times to prevent the leaking roots from lodging.
5. Shallow planting is particularly important when planting horns, which is related to the root characteristics and root temperature of horns. Planting depth is large, ground temperature rises slowly, soil permeability decreases, and humidity is high, which is not conducive to root wound healing and new roots. After shallow planting, the ground temperature rises rapidly, the soil has good aeration, the root system heals early and the root system grows fast.
Six, water seepage in 10 to 15 days after planting, irrigation for three times, so that the soil in the hole is closely combined with the root system of seedlings. In this way, the roots of plants can fully absorb water, which is beneficial to the water balance of seedlings and improves the survival rate.
Post-planting management
Management after planting is very important, so we should pay attention to the following points: proper watering, proper fertilization, shaping and pruning, and pest control.
First, the right amount of water is the most critical issue after planting. At this time, watering is very important. Too much water will rot the roots, and lack of water will affect the growth of seedlings. Water can be arranged reasonably according to the weather conditions, and then poured thoroughly to prevent water from blocking the waist and skin. Pay attention to loosening the soil and moisturizing after watering. Water less or no water in rainy days, and eliminate accumulated water in time.
Second, after proper fertilization and planting, the amount of fertilization should be reasonably determined according to the growth of seedlings. Fertilization is generally based on organic fertilizer, with appropriate special chemical fertilizer. Fertilization methods can be ditch application, hole application, spreading application, etc.
Third, plastic trimming and corner planting should be trimmed again. Because its branches are particularly messy, it is necessary to prune them purposefully, especially overlapping branches, vertical cross branches and horizontal branches, and maintain a certain tree shape to make the corners high, straight, symmetrical and beautiful.
Fourth, pest control.
Elephant weevil: The adult is 5.5-7.5mm in length and 1.5-3.5mm in width, which is reddish brown and occurs every year 1 generation. The larvae overwinter in the seeds, bite through the seeds in the middle of April of the following year, and lay eggs on the pods after setting. After hatching, the larvae burrow into the seeds to do harm.
Control method: Soak in 90℃ hot water for 20-30s, or fumigate with chemicals to eliminate the larvae in the seeds.
Carnivora: Harm Carnivora. Larvae overwinter in pods or branches by cocoon formation, with three generations a year. The first generation pupated in early April, and adults began to emerge in early May. The second generation of adults occurred in the middle and late June and the third generation in the middle and late July.
Prevention and control methods: from autumn to March of the following spring, treat pods to prevent overwintering larvae from pupating into moths, and timely treat damaged pods to eliminate larvae.
The main diseases are root rot and leaf blight. Root diseases are generally caused by water accumulation in the roots, while leaf blight is mainly caused by lack of fertilizer and weak tree potential, and is also related to high temperature. According to different diseases and insect pests, correct measures should be taken. Strengthening fertilizer and water management is also an effective way to control pests and diseases.
The trees I planted can be grafted with trees for several years, with slow growth rate but long life span, which can reach 600 to 700 years. Belongs to a deep-rooted tree species. It takes 6-8 years of vegetative growth to blossom and bear fruit. But its fruiting period can be as long as hundreds of years. If you want to harvest early, you can ask the local Academy of Forestry if there are any new planting techniques or new varieties.
1 How to plant seedlings? First of all, we should choose high-quality seeds, choose 2 ~ 3 years thick and fully mature Gleditsia sinensis, and then shoot the seeds to remove impurities. Secondly, use sand bed to accelerate germination. Before sowing Gleditsia sinensis seeds, sand beds are generally used to accelerate germination. It is necessary to choose a larger germination container and use sand particles (water content is 65%) cleaned and disinfected at high temperature as sand bed material. The sand bed is 2 cm thick and has a flat surface, but it should not be solid. After the sand bed is made, the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis are arranged neatly on the bed surface with tweezers, and then a layer of loose sand with a thickness of 2 cm is evenly spread on the bed surface. Finally, the box cover is covered, and the seeds are put into a 5℃ light germination box for germination. After 3 ~ 4 days, the radicle can be sown when it is exposed to 1 ~ 2 cm.
2. If the seedlings are cultivated in sunlight greenhouse, they are usually sown 60 days before planting. 4 ~ 5 days before sowing, the seedbed should be prepared, and the bed soil should be neutral loam. After watering the soles of the feet, disinfect the soil with 50% carbendazim of 10g per square meter. Then ditching (ditch depth is 5-6 cm) for sowing, putting the radicle of the seed down into the ditch with the row spacing of 20 cm and the plant spacing of 10- 15 cm, then filling the soil, compacting it from both sides, covering it with fine soil with a thickness of 2 cm, and spreading a plastic film on the side. When it is found that 60% of the seeds have broken ground, the plastic film should be removed in the morning.
3. Before emergence, the temperature should be kept at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and not lower than 15 ~ 18℃ at night. After emergence, pay attention to fresh air during the day and strengthen heat preservation at night. When the seedling height is 10 ~ 15 cm and the outside temperature reaches 15 ~ 20℃, it can be planted. 5 ~ 7 days before planting, the seedlings should be ventilated and tempered, and the temperature should be kept at 18 ~ 20℃ during the day and 15℃ at night. Water once two days before planting to keep the clods so as to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Pay attention to heat preservation and cold protection after planting. Gleditsia sinensis grows rapidly, and its wood has good physical properties and hardness. It is an excellent craft wood and honey source tree species.
Does Castanopsis carlesii seedling need 6-8 years to bear fruit? The normal fruit of Castanopsis carlesii is 5-5 years, but there will still be male and female trees, which will never bear fruit.
What is the prospect of planting rhinoceros horn trees? Rhinoceros horn tree is a good green seedling and has a good development prospect.
Is there a future for acacia planting? Gleditsia sinensis is a natural raw material for medical food, health care products, cosmetics and washing products. In addition, Gleditsia sinensis seeds can promote digestion and appetite and contain guar gum; Gleditsia sinensis contains flavonoid glycosides, phenols and amino acids, which has high economic value. Nature likes light but a little cloudy, likes warm and humid climate and deep fertile soil suitable for wetting, but the requirements for soil are not strict, and it can grow normally in calcareous, saline-alkali and even clay or sandy soil. Gleditsia sinensis grows slowly, but its life span is long, which can reach 600 to 700 years. Belongs to a deep-rooted tree species. It takes 6-8 years of vegetative growth to blossom and bear fruit. But its fruiting period can be as long as hundreds of years.
Originated in the Yangtze River valley in China, it is widely distributed in the north, south and southwest of China. [4]? Mostly in plains, valleys and hilly areas. But it can be distributed at the altitude of 1600 meters in warm areas.
Yes, economic value.
1, which can extract a variety of chemical raw materials for washing and dyeing supplies. 2. Rhinoceros horn tree is hard in material and delicate in meat, and it is an excellent tree species for making furniture. Application of corner wood furniture
[4] 3. The canopy in the corner has large shade and long life, which is very suitable for shading trees and surrounding green trees. It has dense leaves, beautiful flowers, good tree shape and few pests and diseases, and is another excellent variety of urban greening and street trees. 4. The fruit of hornbeam tree is rich in pancreatic phlegm and can be used to wash clothes instead of soap. In addition, seed oil can be used as a lubricant and soap, and has the effects of treating tinea and relaxing bowels. Spiny thorns and pods can be used medicinally. Boiling water with leaves and pods can also kill starscream. Wood is hard, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant, but it is easy to crack. Newly cut wood has a strong smell and can only be used as furniture, pillars in buildings, handles and handles on utensils.
How many trees should be planted in an acre? Per mu 150 to 200 is appropriate.
Gleditsia sinensis is a natural raw material for medical food, health care products, cosmetics and washing products.
In addition, Gleditsia sinensis seeds can promote digestion and appetite and contain guar gum;
Gleditsia sinensis contains flavonoid glycosides, phenols and amino acids, which has high economic value.