1 jianyuan
1. 1 Garden selection
The average annual temperature in five counties and two districts of Tianshui City is above 8℃, and plum blossoms can be planted in places below 1600m above sea level. Choosing gentle slopes, terraces or Sichuan fields with deep soil layers and leeward can realize the production of high-quality commercial fruits.
1.2 rootstock and variety selection
Plum blossom varieties have strong adaptability, easy flowering, high self-flowering rate, high yield, large fruit, sweet taste and storage and transportation resistance. The cultivated varieties are mainly Suge, Steiner and Goddess. Rootstocks can be selected from peaches and apricots, and can also be grafted on apricot trees, which can yield high yield in the next year and obtain certain economic benefits.
1.3 planting techniques
Plum blossoms can be planted in Tianshui area in winter and spring. The planting density of plum blossom in Sichuan orchard is 2.5m±3.5m, and that in mountain orchard is 2.5m±3m. Before planting, dig a planting hole with a square of 1.0m, backfill plant straw and ripe soil in the hole, and apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. When planting, put the root system of the seedling into the planting hole in a stretching way. After righting, fill the soil and raise seedlings at the same time. It is advisable to fill the soil flush with the seams of the seedlings. After planting, it is necessary to be practical, fill enough water, and cover the tree tray with soil to keep moisture, so as to improve the survival rate of planting.
2 Soil, fertilizer and water management
2. 1 water management
Survival and crown expansion are the main methods in young tree stage, and irrigation and fertilization are combined in spring and defoliation stage; Irrigation should be carried out in time according to the drought situation in the orchard during the growing period; At least 1 times of water should be irrigated to the trees in the fruiting period every year before the germination stage, the hard core stage and the land freezing. After irrigation or after rain in the growing season, intertillage weeding is needed. In mountainous and dryland orchards, water can be stored and moisture can be preserved by collecting snow in tree trays, covering with plastic film and covering with cloth to meet the water demand of plum blossoms.
2.2 Soil management
0~3 years after the planting of 65438+ ebony, the hole should be enlarged, the furrow should be deepened and the soil should be improved alternately, and the appropriate depth is 30~50cm. Clover and ryegrass can be planted between young trees, pressing green can improve the soil environment, while big trees can be covered with plastic film or cloth to keep soil moisture.
2.3 Scientific fertilization
In autumn, farmyard manure is used as the main base fertilizer, and a proper amount of available nitrogen fertilizer and iron fertilizer are mixed. Fertilization is based on young trees 16800~27000kg/hm 2 and full fruit trees 50400 ~ 84000 kg/hm 2. In the growth period, available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in combination with irrigation, and fertilizer can also be sprayed on the leaves to increase the size and surface color of fruits. Foliar spraying fertilizer should generally avoid high temperature time.
3 plastic pruning
3. 1 main tree
3. There are three main branches on the1.65438+1layer, and several short fruit branches are left on each main branch; Leave 2~3 main branches on the second floor, and leave a few short fruit branches on each main branch.
3. 1.2 The open trunk is 20~40cm high and there is no central trunk. Three or four main branches are distributed around to form a crown. The opening angle of main branches is 60 ~ 70, and the spacing between main branches is 20cm. Each main branch has 5~6 lateral branches with a spacing of 20 cm.
3.2 Plastic dressing
Pruning pruning can be divided into summer pruning and winter pruning. Summer pruning is mainly based on pulling branches and opening angles, thinning back branches and long branches. Pruning and thinning cross branches, over-dense branches, pest branches and over-flourishing branches in winter to reduce orchard closure; By truncating the branches protruding from the main branches, the premature decline of the trees and the outward migration of the fruiting parts are prevented.
Plum blossoms have strong budding ability and strong branching ability, mainly short fruit branches and bouquets. In the early stage, it is necessary to re-cut, mainly by opening angles, and maintain a moderate tree potential.
3.2. 1 Pruning of young trees mainly focuses on cultivating a solid tree skeleton. Appropriately shortening the branches and widening the main branch angle can achieve the purpose of expanding the crown and increasing the early yield.
3.2.2 Pruning in full fruit stage can improve the light in the canopy, keep the tree moderately strong and prolong the fruiting period by thinning the upper branches and strong branches of plum in full fruit stage.
4 flower and fruit management
4. 1 thinning flowers and fruits
There are many plum blossoms, which are easy to bear fruit. Too many fruits will affect the size and quality of fruits, so it is necessary to increase the intensity of thinning flowers and fruits in production. The main method of flower thinning is to prune again before flowering, and cut off some over-dense branches, thinning branches and insect branches before flowering to reduce the total number of flower buds, thus achieving the purpose of flower thinning; When the fruit is broad bean, the fruit should be thinned. Sugar leaves 65,438+0 fruits every 5 cm, and Goddess and Steiner leave 65,438+0 fruits every 65,438+00 cm. The number of fruits depends on the tree potential, and the yield per plant should be above 40 kg in the full fruit period.
4.2 Prevent fruit cracking
Dried prunes will crack before harvesting. When the fruit is ripe, it can be covered with plastic film or floor cloth between rows, or it can be used to dig ditches around the trees to divert water. In rainy season, the accumulated water in trees can be discharged in time, which can reduce the concentration and stagnant flow of water, thus preventing or reducing the occurrence of fruit cracking.