Processing method: 1. Where there is blood stasis, gently rub with medicated wine to promote the dissipation of blood stasis.
2. It is recommended to take Chinese medicine for conditioning. (A) the reasons for congestion
1. venous compression venous compression leads to lumen stenosis or occlusion, and blood return is blocked, resulting in congestion of organs and tissues in corresponding parts. Such as venous congestion of lower limbs caused by uterine compression of iliac vein during pregnancy.
2. Venous cavity obstruction is common in venous thrombosis. Because there are many venous branches, venous congestion will only occur when the venous lumen is blocked and the blood flow cannot return through the collateral branches.
3. Heart failure, mitral valve disease and essential hypertension can lead to left ventricular dysfunction, leading to pulmonary congestion. Pulmonary heart disease can lead to right ventricular dysfunction, congestion of liver, kidney, lower limbs and other organs, and systemic congestion.
(2) Pathological changes of hyperemia
Naked eye: because venous reflux is blocked, blood accumulates in dilated venules and capillaries, so the volume of congested organs and tissues increases; Due to the slow blood flow, hypoxia, decreased oxygenated hemoglobin and increased reduced hemoglobin in the congestion area, the congestion organ is dark red.
Metabolism: when venous congestion occurs, organs and tissues can't get enough oxygen and nutrition, which reduces the metabolic rate of tissues, heat production and the temperature of body surface congestion; The hyperemia tissue is relatively anoxic and its metabolic function is weakened.
Under the light microscope: venules and capillaries are dilated and filled, and bleeding and interstitial edema can be seen.
(3) Examples of common organ congestion
1. Pulmonary congestion: It is mostly caused by left heart failure, and the pressure in the left heart cavity increases, which hinders the return of pulmonary veins and causes pulmonary congestion. The naked eye can see that the lungs are swollen, the weight is increased, the color is dark red or brown, and the texture is hard. Foamy red bloody liquid flows out from the section. Under the light microscope, acute pulmonary congestion is characterized by dilated capillaries in the alveolar wall, thickening of the alveolar wall, and edema and bleeding in the alveolar cavity. In chronic pulmonary congestion, alveolar wall thickening and fibrosis, pulmonary edema and pulmonary hemorrhage can be seen, and a large number of macrophages phagocytizing hemosiderin can be seen, which are called heart failure cells. Long-term chronic pulmonary congestion can cause brown sclerosis of the lungs (the lungs are hard and brown with the naked eye). Patients with pulmonary congestion have obvious shortness of breath and cyanosis, and cough up a lot of pink foam sputum.
2. Hepatic congestion is mainly seen in right heart failure, and hepatic venous reflux is blocked, resulting in dilatation of central vein of hepatic lobule and congestion of hepatic sinus. When acute liver congestion occurs, the liver volume increases and becomes dark red. Microscopically, the central vein and hepatic sinus were dilated, and the central lobular hepatocytes were atrophied and necrotic. Fatty degeneration occurred in the surrounding hepatocytes. In chronic liver congestion, the severe congestion in the center of hepatic lobule is dark red, and several central congestion areas of hepatic lobule are connected, while the liver cells around hepatic lobule turn yellow due to steatosis, resulting in a pattern of alternating red (congestion area) and yellow (fatty liver area), just like the section of betel nut, which is called betel nut liver. Under the light microscope, the hepatic vein, central vein and hepatic sinus were dilated and congested, the liver cells in the central part of hepatic lobule were atrophied and necrotic due to hypoxia compression, and the liver cells in the peripheral part of hepatic lobule were steatosis. Long-term chronic liver congestion can cause liver congestion and sclerosis. Different from portal cirrhosis, congestion cirrhosis has slight lesions, no obvious remodeling of hepatic lobules, no portal hypertension and no liver failure.
(D) the impact of congestion on the body
① Congestion can cause congestion, bleeding and tissue edema.
② Atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells in organs;
③ Long-term chronic congestion can cause organ sclerosis.
④ Establishment of collateral circulation. During liver cirrhosis, the anastomotic branches of the collateral circulation between portal vein and vena cava open, forming gastric fundus esophageal varices, superficial abdominal varices and hemorrhoidal varices. Venous congestion, referred to as congestion, occurs when the venous return of organs or local tissues is blocked and blood accumulates in venules and capillaries.
Common consequences: 1. Congestion and edema 2. Congestion and bleeding. 3. The consequences of congestion in hardened blood depend on the nature of organs or tissues, the degree and time of congestion and other factors. Short-term congestion has slight consequences, while long-term congestion has more serious consequences. Chronic congestion, also known as chronic congestion, leads to atrophy, degeneration and even death of parenchymal cells due to local tissue hypoxia, insufficient supply of nutrients and accumulation and stimulation of metabolic intermediates. The proliferation of interstitial fibrous tissue, coupled with the collagenization of reticular fibers in the tissue, gradually hardened the organs, leading to congestive sclerosis.