1 plastic trimming period
Pruning Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. can be done in dormant period (also called winter pruning) or in growing period as needed (also called spring pruning or summer pruning). Dormancy refers to the period from the fall of Eucommia ulmoides leaves to the beginning of sap flow in the early spring of the following year, which is generally from 65438+February to February and March of the following year in the north. Pruning during dormancy requires a lot of work and high technical requirements.
2 Pruning principles and basic procedures
Pruning principles of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.-bright branches and miscellaneous branches. Generally speaking, it is to leave the branches with many flower buds and skirt branches with flower buds in the middle and lower part of the tree as much as possible, and arrange the main branches and side branches, which is the structure of the tree. The branching level is obvious, and the distribution of branching groups is patchy (except cross-branching and chicken feet). ). The growth and branching direction of plum blossoms in the coming year can be adjusted in combination with the head-changing treatment, so that the overall tree shape can be adjusted to be beautiful and generous, and the height of each tree can be controlled in a similar range.
When pruning, due to certain procedures, fully consider the tree composition law of each tree, "suit the remedy to the case." The first step is to walk around the tree several times and carefully observe and analyze the situation of the tree to see if its tree potential is balanced. If not, analyze whether the upper and lower branches are uneven or the main branches (or lateral branches) are unbalanced, and analyze the reasons so as to take corresponding pruning technical measures. Generally speaking, cut the lower part first, and then cut the upper part; Cut the inner branches first, then the outer branches. Orderly pruning can effectively improve efficiency and the pruning results will be more satisfactory.
Three basic pruning methods
The method of winter pruning can be summarized in five words. Cut, thin, let go, hurt and change.
(1) cut (also called shortcut). Cutting off part of annual branches is called cutting, and cutting off part of perennial branches is called retraction. Short cut is divided into light short cut (1/5 to 1/4 of the total length of branches), medium short cut (1/3 to 1/2 of the total length of branches), heavy short cut (2/3 to 3/4 of the total length of branches) and heavy short cut. That is, the annual branches are cut off from the base. (3) release (also known as throwing or long release). The vegetative branches are not pruned. (4) injury. Branches are damaged by various methods, such as bark, phloem and xylem. Often used in the growing season, such as cutting, girdling, cracking, twisting the tip, taking branches and so on. (5) change. Change the direction of branches and ease the growth potential of branches. Such as bending branches, bending branches, winding branches, pulling branches, flattening (supporting branches) and so on.
4 Main pruning operations
(1) Trim the crossed branches appropriately. Direct thinning of sprouting strips with serious cross; Or use branches with appropriate thickness as 1 support, so that the sprouting strips grow outward and the overall tree shape is fuller. When thinning branches, pay attention to the number of outward and inward growing branches, try to make the inner chamber not empty, and the number of inward and outward branches is moderate, at a level that can promote the growth potential of each other, but sparse but not dense (it is beneficial for plants to make full use of sunlight and the tree will be fuller).
Regarding the care of tree lumen, there are the following points for attention. Be careful when pruning, and carefully scrutinize before pruning, so as to balance the tree and get better pruning effect. (1) The small angle of the main branch and the large amount of branches outside the crown make the ventilation and light transmission in the inner cavity of the tree poor, which easily leads to the degeneration of branches inside the tree. Pay attention to adjust the number and growth angle of branches outside the crown when pruning. (2) The periphery of the tree is pruned too much and too hard, and the buds are vigorous year by year, forming a strong growth potential, which makes the overall growth of the tree move outward. Therefore, the precautions in 1 should be combined, and the peripheral trimming should not be too light or too heavy. (3) The large and medium-sized branches in the inner chamber were cultivated too late, did not grow up or rapidly aged, so attention should be paid to the cultivation of strong branches in the inner chamber when pruning. 1 big branches change their heads. Perennial branches with thick skeletons are often numerous and messy. If they are not pruned and adjusted, they will have a negative impact on the future growth potential of the tree. The main principle is to remove the branches that are too dense, and choose two or three branches with good growth and beautiful posture as the main branches (that is, change the heads). 1 The main branches are best led out. When changing heads, cut the second and third main branches short (the third main branch can also be put without pruning) to promote the growth of branches. Through pruning year after year, the tree becomes more open, making the crown full and beautiful. (2) Prune branches. It is mainly to adjust the branches on the upper edge of the plant shape to make its growth shape more beautiful, and at the same time do some short cuts to promote the growth of branches to control the overall tree shape (including plant height, each plant is controlled at the same height).
5 pruning skills
(1) Cut small branches and big branches. Hold the scissors in your right hand, apply force from the palm of your hand to the four fingers, and push the branches horizontally in the opposite direction of the cutting opening with your left hand, which can easily cut off the slightly thick branches and ensure the smooth cutting opening. Branches that are too thick, such as those sprouting at the base of plants, are directly sawed off with a saw. (2) There is no need to be too rigid in the actual pruning process, and the situation of each tree is different, that is, "pruning with branches and shaping with trees". According to the general principle, only special cases need to be considered. For example, if there are not enough branches left in the chamber, you can choose sprouting branches with similar positions. By pruning sprouting branches, you can lure new branches to fill the vacancy in the coming year. If the branches in the right position are weak. You can cut short strong branches and then choose to leave them for next year. Finally, it can basically promote the overall growth of the tree, and the tree shape is full and beautiful (generally it can grow full and beautiful in the future).