Pruning method of blueberry
Pruning techniques of young blueberry trees
Young trees have flower buds in the first year and the second year after planting, which will inhibit vegetative growth after flowering and fruiting. The main purpose of young tree stage is to promote root development, expand crown and increase branches. Therefore, the pruning of young trees is mainly to remove flower buds. In the spring of the second and third years after planting, the weak branches are thinned.
In the third and fourth years, the crown should be enlarged, but it can bear medium fruit. Generally, the plant yield should be controlled below 1kg in the third year, and the fruit branches should bear fruit.
Pruning techniques of blueberry adult trees
When strawberry enters adulthood, its inner cavity is easily covered by clouds, and its crown is relatively high. At this time, pruning is mainly to control the height of the tree and improve the lighting conditions. Pruning is mainly based on thinning branches, thinning out tillers caused by too dense branches, too thin branches, pests and diseases, and roots.
When thinning branches, the growth potential is higher than that of open branches, and weak branches are removed, leaving strong branches, while upright varieties are removed from the center, and skylight is opened, leaving medium branches. The best fruiting age of big branches is 5 ~ 6 years, and it should be retracted and updated when it exceeds. Fragile branches can be pruned with flower buds to make them stronger.
Adult trees have a large number of flower buds, and some flower buds are often cut off. Generally, 2 ~ 3 flower buds are cut from each strong branch.
Pruning stubble: Smolarz Kazimiersz, 1998 vs 13? Lan Feng? Blueberries were pruned with flat stubble, and the experimental treatment was: stubble was 5cm50cm and 100cm from the ground. Pruning in the same year had only the control results, and the treatment results of 50cm and 100cm in the second year were all the results in the third year. Compared with the control, in the third year after pruning, the tree grew strong, the weight of single fruit increased and the yield increased by 50%.
Blueberry irrigation method
Blueberry irrigation must be carried out before the plants wither. The determination of irrigation should depend on the type of soil. Sandy soil has strong water holding capacity and is prone to drought, so it needs frequent inspection and irrigation. Soil with high organic matter content has strong water holding capacity, so irrigation can be reduced appropriately. However, in the soil with high organic matter content, black humus sometimes seems wet, but in fact it is dry, which is easy to cause misjudgment and needs special attention.
Pruning method of potted blueberry
Remove weak branches at the root element:
The roots of plants, especially potted plants, are more likely to leave branches when cutting. As the main branches become stronger and stronger, such branches are no longer needed and should be cut off in time. If the root system of potted plants is strong, it is easy to bring inconvenience to watering, which will lead to the phenomenon of wilting of plants due to incomplete irrigation. So the roots should be as clean as possible.
The limitations of flower buds:
The flower buds of blueberry are produced by the branches of the previous year in turn. Flower buds are bigger than leaf buds and easy to distinguish, so if you find too many flower buds, you should cut them off appropriately. Just like many fruit trees, picking some fruits properly will make the remaining fruits grow bigger and better. Although blueberries have no such effect, cutting off some flower buds properly will control the excessive consumption of plants.
Prune drooping branches;
Even in potted plants, some transverse branches often appear during seedling growth. Only upward branches can be kept, and horizontal or drooping branches should be cut off from the base. Even if you notice the existence of this branch in summer, don't worry, cut it off in time. In addition, there are often many thick branches, and such branches can be cut to kill two birds with one stone.
Remove the tillering branches of underground stems: in yard planting, we often see some branches tillering out of underground stems, and I don't know where to drill out. If such branches appear in potted plants, they must be cut off.
Truncation of strongly dominant branches:
Dominant branches extending directly from root elements often appear in plants, and many flower buds can be produced on such branches. However, if one-third of its branches are cut off from the top of the tree, several branches will grow in the coming year, and each branch will grow strong flower buds. So we should consider pruning from two aspects: the result and the beauty of the tree.
Summer scissors:
Blueberry branches can grow 2 ~ 3 times a year. Branches that grow too fast don't have to wait until winter to cut, but can be cut before flower buds appear. The variety of rabbit eye blueberry, even if it is cut in September, will not affect the formation of flower buds in the coming year. Therefore, potted plants should pay more attention to pruning in time to keep the tree perfect.
Winter scissors:
After defoliation, winter pruning is carried out in the dormant period before new buds germinate, mainly to cut off dense branches, old branches and weak branches. Cutting branches are classified and selected, and can be stored as cutting branches.
Planting method of potted blueberry
Planting environment
Dwarf blueberries and semi-tall blueberries are suitable for planting in temperate cold regions, northern high blueberries and some semi-tall blueberries are suitable for planting in warm temperate regions, and rabbit-eye blueberries and southern high blueberries are suitable for planting in subtropical regions.
Seedling selection
(1) Time:
Blueberries can be planted all year round, and the best time is to buy their seedlings from autumn to the next spring before germination. The seedlings in this period are easy to transport, manage and plant. After planting in autumn, a small amount of flowers and fruits can be produced in the second year and normal flowers and fruits can be produced in the third year. After the fifth year, blueberries can be potted at home and managed properly, and the fruiting period can last for 35 years.
(2) Variety:
Dwarf shrubs are only suitable for outdoor planting in the north, and other varieties can be used as family potted plants.
land
Blueberries like acidic, soft, loose and breathable soil rich in organic matter. Generally, the soil pH is 4.5-5.5, and the soil organic matter content is 8%- 12%. Humus soil common in flower market can be bought in family potted plants, and humus moss or peat, sawdust, rotten pine bark and other organic matter can also be added appropriately.
Important: Blueberries are calcium intolerant plants, so don't add bone meal to the soil.
moisture
Blueberries like humidity and have poor drought resistance. Usually when watering blueberries, you need to add some edible white vinegar. It is suggested that the dosage of vinegar should be 3-5 degrees, and 500 ml should be applied every month, including half a spoonful of vinegar.
Fertilize soil or land
Pay attention to the application of acid fertilizer when fertilizing.
temperature
(1) High clump blueberry can resist the low temperature of -25-30℃;
(2) Half-high Vaccinium vitis-idaea can resist the low temperature of -35-38℃;
(3) Dwarf blueberry can resist the low temperature above -40℃ and is suitable for cold cultivation.
breeding method
Blueberry seedling raising techniques can adopt root tiller propagation, root strip propagation, cutting propagation and tissue culture propagation.
disease
Fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and nematodes are the causes of blueberry diseases.